Course in MS Electrical Power.

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2. RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION
Lecture No. 1
Ishtiaq Marwat
Assistant Professor Electrical
FICT, BUITEMS
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3. OUTLINES
• Renewable Energy
• Non-renewable energy
• Global Energy Use
• Global Warming
• Climate Change
• Types of Renewable Energy Resources
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4. RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Renewable energy refers to energy that occurs
naturally and repeatedly in the environment.
• Those energy flows that occur naturally and
repeatedly in the environment and can be harnessed
for human benefit.
• Meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs.
• Sustainable- generating energy with awareness to
the future.
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5. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
• It comes from a source that is naturally occurring and
replenishes naturally without the interference of human
intervention.
• Examples of renewable energy include biomass
resources, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal and
hydro resources.
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6. RENEWABLE ENERGY-GREEN ENERGY
These sources are used to produce Clean and Green
energy without causing Climate Change & polluting the
environment.
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7. GREEN ENERGY
• Renewable energy is energy that exists infinitely, that is,
they will never get finished.
• Renewable energy also tends to be less harmful to the
environment in terms of its carbon emissions and
destruction to the physical environment.
• This is why it is called ‘Green energy, Clean energy or
Sustainable energy’.
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8. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out
or will not be replenished in our lifetimes.
• Nonrenewable energy is energy obtained from static stores of
energy that remain bound unless released by human
interaction.
• Nonrenewable energy is finite in nature.
• They are mainly fossil fuels, which were formed millions of
years from organic matter under the sea.
• They will run out one day, and their contribution to water, sea
and land pollution is unmistakably clear and documented.
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9. • Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels:
coal, nuclear, petroleum, and natural gas. Carbon is the
main element in fossil fuels.
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10. GLOBAL ENERGY USE
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12. RENEWABLE ENERGY & ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
• Alternative energy sources are renewable and are
thought to be "free" energy sources.
• They all have lower carbon emissions, compared to
conventional energy sources.
• These include Biomass Energy, Wind Energy, Solar
Energy, Geothermal Energy, Hydroelectric Energy sources.
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13. WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY ?
• To avoid Global Warming & Climate Change
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14. GLOBAL WARMING
• Global warming is an increase in the average global temperatures.
• Earth is becoming warmer gradually.
• There is increase in average global temperatures of air and oceans,
accompanied by widespread melting of glaciers and rising of sea
level.
• The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) in its ‘Synthesis Report on Climate Change’, states that there is
clear evidence for a 0.6 0C rise in global temperatures and 20cm
rise in sea level during the 20th century.
• It predicts that “global temperatures could rise by 1.4 to 5.8 0C and
sea level could rise by 20 to 88cm by the year 2100.”
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15. Ice age
Year 1900
Year 2100
Year 2000
Climate change within 100 years:

16. CLIMATE CHANGE
• Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution
of weather patterns when that change lasts for an
extended period of time.
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17. External causes
 Solar activity
 Earths orbit
 Meteorites
Internal causes
Anthropogenic
 Emissions of greenhouse gases
 Particles/clouds
 Land change
Internal causes
Natural
Volcanic eruption
- Climate change

18. • Global warming and Climate Change are caused by
massive increase of green house gases such as Carbon
dioxide (Co2) in atmosphere resulting from burning of
fossil fuels and deforestation.
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19. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
• The temperature of earth is maintained by the balance between the heat
energy coming from the sun and the heat energy returned back to space.
• Some atmospheric gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous
Oxide (N2O), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and water vapours are important to
this temperature balance. They form the green house blanket in the
atmosphere.
• This blanket absorbs some of the long wave radiation and re-radiate it back
to surface, which causes it to warm up to 15C to 50C.
• Without these gases the earth’s atmospheric temperature would be -18 C.
• If more such gases are added to the atmosphere, the earth’s temperature
would increase accordingly. And these are being added enormously.
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20. Energy radiates from the
earth surface
Radiation from the sun
warms the earth’s
surface
Without
greenhouse gases:
-18 degrees!
Greenhouse gases:
water vapor, 36–70%
carbon dioxide, 9–26%
methane, 4–9%
ozone, 3–7%
Greenhouse gases are being
warmed by the radiation from
earth
Energy radiates from the
atmosphere

21. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT……..
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22. CALAMITIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
• One; the sea level could rise by 20-88 cm in next 100 years,
this is a serious problem for coastal areas which will be more
prone to storms and floods.
• However, the small island countries like Maldives face dire
situation.
• The sea rise would flood up the dry land, making these islands
inhabitable.
• Another country, Bangladesh which is deltaic region would lose
considerable portion of land and its agriculture – a prime
source of livelihood there will be destroyed.
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23. CALAMITIES……
• Two; storms and floods are major natural hazards.
• Two-fifth of the world population lives under the monsoon
belt. Monsoons are caused mainly by temperature
difference between oceans and continents.
• This difference will increase and the monsoons, which are
normally life-giving rains, would be tremendously
flooding the regions and destroying the agriculture – the
major economic activity in the developing countries.
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24. CALAMITIES…..
• Third; diseases and injury due to extreme events;
increased frequency of diarrhoea and cardiovascular
diseases. By far the most important threat to human
health is access to fresh drinking water.
• Fourth; ecosystem which is an essential component for
biodiversity, is going to be seriously affected by global
warming.
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25. CALAMITIES….
• Fifth; the most worrying concern of climate change is the effect
it will have on agriculture.
• The world is already facing food crisis. According to UN, more
than 800 million go to sleep hungry every night. Increase in
temperature will reduce the crop yield in the low latitudes due
to higher temperatures and destruction of agricultural land by
salinity.
• Generally, there will be a drop in food production in both the
developed and less developed countries.
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26. Weather patterns change
When, where, how often, strength…
Average temperature rises
More/heavier precipitation
Flooding, landslides…
More evaporation.
Drought, erosion, wildfires…

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28. STEPS TAKEN BY UN-IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1988)
• Earth Hour (Last Saturday of March every year)
• Kyoto Protocol, 1997 (Japan)
• Copenhagen, 2009 (Denmark)
• Cancun Conference, 2010 (Mexico)
• Warsaw, 2013 (Poland)
• Bonn Conference, 2017 (Germany)
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29. CARBON CREDIT
“A carbon credit is a permit or certificate allowing the holder
to emit carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases.”
• The credit limits the emission to a mass equal to one ton
of carbon dioxide.
• The issuance of carbon credits aims to reduce the emission
of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
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30. CARBON TRADING
“It is a market-based mechanism for dropping GHG concentration
through reducing carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere”
• Under Carbon trading, a country having more emissions of carbon is
able to purchase the right to emit more and the country having less
emission sells the right to emit carbon to other countries.
• The countries emitting more carbon thereby satisfy their carbon
emission requirements, and the trading market results in the most cost-
effective carbon reduction methods being exploited first.
• For any given expenditure on carbon reduction, the market
mechanism will result in the greatest reduction.
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31. TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESOURCES
• Hydro
• Solar
• Wind
• Geothermal
• Biomass
• Biofuels
• Tidal
• Fuel Cells
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32. Thanks
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