1. Mode of Production
KARL MARX

2. Key Idea
• Marx identifies production as essential for human
existence.
• Production is a social activity.
• Co-operation is of importance

3.  Divisions of Labor : Different People have different
jobs.
 Production has to be organized or ‘managed’.
 Different forms of production:
“modes” of production=different type of society
 The system of class division is dependent on mode of
production.
 Society moves from stages to stages when the
dominant class is displaced by a new emerging class.
 Mode of production also determines all expressions of
“civilization”:Law,Philosophy,art,
Religion etc.

4. • There is a distinction between means of production
and the relations of production.
 the means of production
 land
Natural resources
Technology
 Relations of production
The social and technical relationships people enter into
As they acquire and use the means of production.
The comprised not only relations among individual, but
between among groups of people or classes.

5. The Social Superstructure
• Ways of thinking ,values, ideas
Forms of social consciousness
Ideologies
• Social Institutions
Religion
Family
Education
Media
Government /the state

6. • Economic base shapes the social Superstructures.
• The economic base is controlled by ruling class
• Superstructure is also controlled by ruling class.
• Social institutions serves ruling class interests

7. Type of mode of production
• Primitive Communism
Primitive society, no classes,
very low divisions of labor.
All work together for
common good.
• Ancient(slave) mode of production
Ancient Greece and Rome
Aristocracy and slaves
Slaves do most of work

8. • Feudal mode of production(feudalism)
Medieval Europe
Feudal landlords and
peasants
Peasants do all the work
• Capitalist mode of
Production(capitalism)
Capitalists and workers
(Bourgeoisie and proletariat)
• Socialism/Communism
No classes:equality

9. The feudal mode of production
Economic Base
 Forces of production
 Agricultural Production
 Relations of production
 Landlords and peasants

10. The capitalist mode of production
Ways of thinking==Capitalist Ideologies
 Capitalism allows individual freedom,
democracy, social mobility etc.
 this liberalism serve to conceal
the exploitation which is at the
core of society.
• Capitalism’s Economic Base
force of production
• Industrialism
Relations of productions
• Capitalist and proletarians.

11. Capitalism Today
Capitalism Economic Base
• Forces of production
 Post-Industrialism
(service sector, computer &IT, stock markets)
• Relation of production
 Capitalists
 Managerial class
 Proletarians(include ‘white collar’ office workers,Mcworkers)

12. From capitalism to communism: Revolution
• The forces of production develop, this leads to a change in
relations of production
• Capitalism riddled with contradictions
• The proletariat come to know that they are exploited, they
organize themselves and overthrow the bourgeois class and
the capitalist system in a revolution

13. A Communist Mode of Production
Economical Base
• forces of production
 Highly developed
 Machine doing a lots of work
 Humane working freely and creatively together
• Relation of production
 Classes abolished
 All work together in cooperation
 All contribute to society, everyone gets what they need
Ways of thinking: the end of ideologies, truth emerges

14. Thank you
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