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Introduction including perspective on new UN definition of nature-based solutions
- 1. COP27: 16 November 2022 Working with nature for people and the planet Nature-based Solutions Introduction and Terrestrial and Freshwater ecosystems Mike Morecroft Coordinating Lead Author Chapter 2 WGII @mike_morecroft SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Ocean Image Bank/M. Curnock, S. Baldwin, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Y. Ishida/UNDP T. Leste CC BY-NY 2.0
- 2. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability ‘Nature-based problems’….. …. degradation and fragmentation increase vulnerability
- 3. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Deforestation and loss / degradation of natural ecosystems is a significant cause of emissions
- 4. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Ecosystem, loss, fragmentation and degradation contribute to emissions and increase the vulnerability of people and biodiversity to climate change So protecting and restoring nature is an essential element of ‘solving’ the climate problem
- 5. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability “ Nature-based Solutions Actions to protect, conserve, restore, sustainably use and manage natural or modified terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems which address social, economic and environmental challenges effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being, ecosystem services, resilience and biodiversity benefits.
- 6. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Examples of terrestrial and freshwater Nature-based Solutions with good evidence Forests – mitigation and adaptation • Protection of existing natural forests • Re-afforestation with native species • Sustainably managed biodiverse forests Peatlands – mitigation and adaptation • Protection of existing natural peatlands • Restoration of degraded peatlands Photo: Olly Watts
- 7. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Agro-ecological farming – adaptation and mitigation • Increasing soil carbon • Agroforestry and silvo-pastoral systems • Traditional low intensity grazing Urban - adaptation • Shade trees • Cool natural areas • Sustainable drainage Image: dhoomil-shet-unsplash Examples of terrestrial and freshwater Nature-based Solutions with good evidence
- 8. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Re-naturalized rivers – adaptation (+mitigation?) • Natural flood management • Improved water quality • Drought resilience • meanders / debris / catchment Photo: Olly Watts Examples of terrestrial and freshwater Nature-based Solutions with good evidence
- 9. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Right action, right place is essential Scientific knowledge, practical expertise, Local Knowledge and / or Indigenous Knowledge Local (and national) leadership Equity and justice Responsive to different ecosystem states
- 11. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability “AFOLU mitigation options, when sustainably implemented, can deliver large-scale GHG emission reductions and enhanced removals, but cannot fully compensate for delayed action in other sectors
- 12. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT ….. maintaining the resilience of biodiversity and ecosystem services at a global scale depends on effective and equitable conservation of approximately 30% to 50% of Earth’s land, freshwater and ocean areas, including currently near- natural ecosystems (high confidence). Image: NASA AS17-148-22727
- 13. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability For more information: IPCC Secretariat: ipcc-sec@wmo.int IPCC Press Office: ipcc-media@wmo.int Visit ipcc.ch @IPCC_CH #IPCCReport @IPCC @IPCC linkedin.com/ company/ipcc Thank you!
- 14. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability “ Nature-based Solutions Actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. (IUCN; Cohen-Shachman et al., 2016)
Editor's Notes
- HANS This map gives an overview of biodiversity loss at different warming levels.
- Emissions in 2019 were about 12% higher than they were in 2010 and 54% higher than in 1990. We are not on track to limit warming to 1.5°C. [NEXT SLIDE]
- HANS This map gives an overview of biodiversity loss at different warming levels.
- DEBRA And talking of other challenges – climate change combines with unsustainable use of natural resources, habitat destruction, deforestation, and growing urbanization as well as inequity and marginalization. These trends not only present threats to ecosystems and the people who rely on them but also reduce the capacities of nature, communities and individuals to adapt to climate change.
- DEBRA Thank you Andrej. As co-chairs of working group two, and on behalf of our authors, we are proud to present this latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which focuses on climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability.