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A PowerPoint Presentation Prepared by:
               Francielle Elaine Binuya
                   Joyce Lindzel Reyes
                  Angela Pamela Reyes
Nervous System

Nervous system controls and coordinates essential body
functions. This system makes it possible for you to process
information.
Nervous System
 But do you know where the Nervous System is?
 Do you know the organs of the Nervous System?
 Do these words sounds familiar to you?
Nervous System
 Cnidarians




 Flatworms
Nervous System
 Mammals
Human Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
 The central nervous system(CNS) is made of the brain
  and the spinal cord.
 It is protected by 2 sets of bones.
   skull – protects the brain
   vertebral column- protects the spinal cord
The Brain
 The brain is located at the anterior end of the spinal
  cord.
 The spaces between the brain are called ventricles.
The Brain
 The brain is made up of two main parts:
    forebrain
    brainstem
The Forebrain
 The forebrain subdivides to form :
    telencephalon
         cerebrum
     diencephalon
       thalamus

       hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus and Thalamus
                                                              thalamus




              hypothalamus

 •The hypothalamus is the bridge between the nervous messages before
•The function of the thalamus is to sort and interpret theseand endocrine relaying them
to the appropriate neurons in the cerebrum. regulates the pituitary gland.
 systems. It produces various hormones and
The Brainstem
 The brainstem functions below the level of
  consciousness , thus it is called the unconscious brain.
 The brainstem is the region of the brain that connects
  the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
 It is consists of :
 midbrain
 medulla oblongata
 pons
The Brainstem
Cerebellum
The Spinal Cord
 • • It contains a tiny ,centralcord descends down the middle
   From the brain the spinal canal filled with
of the back and is is a long, thin, tubular bundle thenervous
  The spinal cord surrounded and protected by of bony
   cerebrospinal fluid.
  tissue and support cells that extends from the brain.
 vertebral column.
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
  Somatic Nervous System - controls skeletal muscle as
  well as external sensory organs.


  Autonomic Nervous System - controls involuntary
  muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle.
Cells of the Nervous System
 2 Kinds of Cells
    Neurons
    Glial Cells


   Neurons are specialized cells for the transmission
    of messages from an organ or tissue to another.
Neurons
Glial Cells
 Glial cells, sometimes called neuroglia or simply glia
  provide support and protection for neurons.
 They are thus known as the "supporting cells" of the
  nervous system.
 Functions of glial cells are:
    to surround neurons and hold them in place
    to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons,
    to insulate one neuron from another, and
    to destroy and remove the carcasses of dead neurons (clean
     up).
Glial Cells
How the Nervous System Works
How the Nervous System Works
How the Nervous System Works
 Stimulus- any factor that triggers a specific reaction.
 Sensory neuron- is the neuron that receives the stimulus.
 Motor neuron- the neuron that relays the information to
  the part of the body for a response.
Sense organs carry
messages about the
environment to the
  central nervous
      system.
 The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin are examples of
 sense organs

 The sense organs gather information
 (light, sound, heat, and pressure) from the
 environment
 The eye is one of your sense organs.
• The eye is made of the iris and the pupil.
•The eye gathers pictures and sends them to the
brain.
                          The colored part of the eye is the iris.
                          The black part of the eye is the
                          pupil.
                   Iris
    Pupil
                          The pupil becomes larger and
                          smaller as it controls the light
                          coming into the eye.
 The ear is the organ of hearing and balance.
 Hearing starts when some of the sound waves go into
 the ear.
How the Ear Works
 The ear works with the brain to control your balance.
 The liquid in your inner ear is responsible for your
  balance
 The liquid in your ear moves when we move. The
  liquid movement sends information to the brain to
  tell it how we are moving.
 Loss of sight can be one of the factors that affect
  the sense of balance.
 Nose is the organ of
  smell.
 The nose has two holes
  called nostrils.
 The nostrils and the nasal
  passages are separated by
  a wall called the septum.
 Closer to the tip of your
  nose, the septum is made
  of cartilage.
 Behind your nose, in the
  middle of your face, is a
  space called the nasal
  cavity.
 It connects with the back
  of the throat. The nasal
  cavity is separated from
  the inside of your mouth
  by the palate (roof of your
  mouth).
How the Nose Works
 The tongue is the sense organ
  of taste controlled by the
  receptors called taste buds.
 The four kinds of taste
  sensations are sweet, sour,
  bitter, and salty.
 The tongue can also detect a
  sensation called umami.
 Umami is a Japanese word
  which means the savory taste
  of amino acids.
 The sense of touch is located in the skin.




 The nerves in the skin allow us to feel
 texture, pressure, heat, cold, and pain.
Thank You For Watching &
            Listening
Remember :
 The nervous system is a complex network of nerves
  and cells that carry messages to and from
  the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
 The nervous system includes both the Central nervous
  system and Peripheral nervous system.
 The Central nervous system is made up of the brain
  and spinal cord .
 The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the
  Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems.

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Nervous system

  • 1. A PowerPoint Presentation Prepared by: Francielle Elaine Binuya Joyce Lindzel Reyes Angela Pamela Reyes
  • 2. Nervous System Nervous system controls and coordinates essential body functions. This system makes it possible for you to process information.
  • 3. Nervous System  But do you know where the Nervous System is?  Do you know the organs of the Nervous System?  Do these words sounds familiar to you?
  • 7. The Central Nervous System  The central nervous system(CNS) is made of the brain and the spinal cord.  It is protected by 2 sets of bones.  skull – protects the brain  vertebral column- protects the spinal cord
  • 8. The Brain  The brain is located at the anterior end of the spinal cord.  The spaces between the brain are called ventricles.
  • 9. The Brain  The brain is made up of two main parts:  forebrain  brainstem
  • 10. The Forebrain  The forebrain subdivides to form :  telencephalon  cerebrum  diencephalon  thalamus  hypothalamus
  • 12. Hypothalamus and Thalamus thalamus hypothalamus •The hypothalamus is the bridge between the nervous messages before •The function of the thalamus is to sort and interpret theseand endocrine relaying them to the appropriate neurons in the cerebrum. regulates the pituitary gland. systems. It produces various hormones and
  • 13. The Brainstem  The brainstem functions below the level of consciousness , thus it is called the unconscious brain.  The brainstem is the region of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.  It is consists of :  midbrain  medulla oblongata  pons
  • 16. The Spinal Cord • • It contains a tiny ,centralcord descends down the middle From the brain the spinal canal filled with of the back and is is a long, thin, tubular bundle thenervous The spinal cord surrounded and protected by of bony cerebrospinal fluid. tissue and support cells that extends from the brain. vertebral column.
  • 18. Peripheral Nervous System  Somatic Nervous System - controls skeletal muscle as well as external sensory organs.  Autonomic Nervous System - controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle.
  • 19. Cells of the Nervous System  2 Kinds of Cells  Neurons  Glial Cells  Neurons are specialized cells for the transmission of messages from an organ or tissue to another.
  • 21. Glial Cells  Glial cells, sometimes called neuroglia or simply glia provide support and protection for neurons.  They are thus known as the "supporting cells" of the nervous system.  Functions of glial cells are:  to surround neurons and hold them in place  to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons,  to insulate one neuron from another, and  to destroy and remove the carcasses of dead neurons (clean up).
  • 23. How the Nervous System Works
  • 24. How the Nervous System Works
  • 25. How the Nervous System Works  Stimulus- any factor that triggers a specific reaction.  Sensory neuron- is the neuron that receives the stimulus.  Motor neuron- the neuron that relays the information to the part of the body for a response.
  • 26. Sense organs carry messages about the environment to the central nervous system.
  • 27.  The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin are examples of sense organs  The sense organs gather information (light, sound, heat, and pressure) from the environment
  • 28.  The eye is one of your sense organs. • The eye is made of the iris and the pupil. •The eye gathers pictures and sends them to the brain. The colored part of the eye is the iris. The black part of the eye is the pupil. Iris Pupil The pupil becomes larger and smaller as it controls the light coming into the eye.
  • 29.  The ear is the organ of hearing and balance.  Hearing starts when some of the sound waves go into the ear.
  • 30. How the Ear Works
  • 31.  The ear works with the brain to control your balance.  The liquid in your inner ear is responsible for your balance  The liquid in your ear moves when we move. The liquid movement sends information to the brain to tell it how we are moving.  Loss of sight can be one of the factors that affect the sense of balance.
  • 32.  Nose is the organ of smell.  The nose has two holes called nostrils.  The nostrils and the nasal passages are separated by a wall called the septum.  Closer to the tip of your nose, the septum is made of cartilage.
  • 33.  Behind your nose, in the middle of your face, is a space called the nasal cavity.  It connects with the back of the throat. The nasal cavity is separated from the inside of your mouth by the palate (roof of your mouth).
  • 34. How the Nose Works
  • 35.  The tongue is the sense organ of taste controlled by the receptors called taste buds.  The four kinds of taste sensations are sweet, sour, bitter, and salty.  The tongue can also detect a sensation called umami.  Umami is a Japanese word which means the savory taste of amino acids.
  • 36.  The sense of touch is located in the skin. The nerves in the skin allow us to feel texture, pressure, heat, cold, and pain.
  • 37. Thank You For Watching & Listening Remember :  The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.  The nervous system includes both the Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system.  The Central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord .  The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems.