FTP protocol

1. An overview of FTP
By,
Indhurani C

2. Contents
 Introduction to FTP
 Objective
 Communication and data transfer
 FTP login facilities
 Syntax
 Security issues
 FTP commands
 FTP reply codes
 List of FTP clients
 List of FTP servers
 Conclusion

3. Introduction to FTP
 FTP – File transfer protocol in the application layer
 Standard network protocol
 Authenticate- clear text sign in protocol
 Command line applications – The first FTP client
 Secured transmissions –SSL / TLS

4. Objective
 Sharing of files
 Indirect use of remote computers
 Protect the user from variations in file storage
 Transfer of data reliably & efficiently

5. Communication and data transfer
 The server responds,
 3- digit status code
 Optional text message
 Eg: 200 OK

6. Contd…
 FTP may run in two modes,
 Active mode
 Passive mode- PASV command

7. Data representations
 Transfer data over network,
 ASCII
 Image/binary mode
 EBCDIC mode
 Local mode

8. Contd…
 ASCII- Used for text
 Image/binary mode- byte transactions
 EBCDIC mode- 8 bit character encoding used in IBM
 Local mode- sends data in proprietary format

9. Data transfer
 Data transfer can be done in three modes,
 Stream mode
 Block mode
 Compressed mode

10. Contd…
 Stream mode - continuous stream of data
 Block mode – several blocks namely block header, byte
count and data field.
 Compressed mode- data is compressed using run length
encoding
 Run- length encoding
 Eg. wwwwbbwwbbw-4w2b2w2b1w

11. Login Credentials
 Ftp login-username and password
 Username –USER command
 Password –PASS command
 No login credentials-Limited access

12. Anonymous FTP
 Username- ―anonymous‖
 Password- e-mail ID
 No verification is done

13. Firewall Traversal
 FTP transfers data only after getting permission from
server
 Firewall blocks
 PASV command

14. Syntax
 FTP, URL syntax is described as,
 ftp://[<user>[:<password>]@]<host>[:<port>]/<url-
path>
 For example:
 ftp://public.ftpservers.example.com/mydirectory/myfile.t
xt

15. Security Issues
 Bounce attacks
 Spoof attacks.
 Brute force attacks
 Packet capture

16. Secure FTP
 FTPS
 SFTP
 FTP over SSH (not SFTP)

17.  FTPS
 FTPS is an extension to the FTP standard that allows
clients to request that the FTP session be encrypted.
 AUTH TLS command.
 The server has the option of allowing or denying
connections that do not request TLS.

18.  SFTP
 SFTP, or secure FTP, is a program that uses Secure Shell
(SSH) to transfer files.
 Preventing passwords and sensitive information from
being transmitted
 FTP clients cannot be used to talk to an SFTP server

19.  FTP over SSH (not SFTP)
 FTP over SSH (not SFTP) refers to the practice of
tunneling a normal FTP session over an SSH connection
 No confidentiality or integrity protection

20. List Of FTP Commands
 GET
 ABOR
 DELE
 PASS
 AUTH
 RNTO
 PWD
 MODE
 ALLO
 RMD

21. FTP Reply Codes
 3-digit code
 The first digit is used to indicate one of three possible
outcomes—success, failure or to indicate an error or
incomplete reply
 2yz
 4yz or 5yz
 1yz or 3yz

22. Contd…
 The second digit defines the kind of error:
 x0z – Syntax
 x1z – Information
 x2z – Connections
 x3z – Authentication and accounting
 x5z – File system
 The third digit of the reply code is used to provide
additional details.

23. LIST OF FTP CLIENTS
 Cyberduck
 lftp
 gftp
 FireFTP
 FileZilla

24. Cyberduck
 The developers of the cyberduck are David V. Kocher,
Yves Langisch
 Java language.
 Cyberduck is an open source FTP and SFTP client for
Mac OS X and Windows
 Supports FTP/TLS- using ―AUTH TLS‖ command.

25. FireFTP
 It is developed by Mime Čuvalo
 FireFTP is a free, open source, cross-platform FTP client
for Mozilla Firefox in the form of an add-on.
 It supports FTP, FTPS, and SFTP.
 FireFTP runs on platforms that Firefox supports
 FireFTP is activated from the Tools menu, opening a
two-pane view within a Firefox window

26. gftp
 gftp was developed by Brian Masney
 gFTP is an open source multithreaded FTP client.
 Used on Unix-like systems, such as Linux, Mac OS X
 Support for the FTP, FTPS ,HTTP, HTTPS and SFTP
protocols

27. lftp
 lftp was developed by Alexander V. Lukyanov
 lftp is a command-line file transfer program for UNIX
and Unix-like systems
 supports FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, HFTP , FISH and SFTP by
specifying the desired protocol in a location URL
 Features -location bookmarks and resuming downloads.

28. List of FTP servers
 Robo-FTP server
 FileZilla server
 EFT server
 Complete FTP

29. Robo-FTP server
 Robo-FTP Server is a secure, automated Windows FTP
server
 It supports FTP, FTPS, and SFTP connections.
 It offers event-driven automation for encryption,
decryption, zip, unzip, move, copy, delete, email
notification, database operations

30. CompleteFTP
 CompleteFTP is a proprietary FTP server for Windows
that supports FTP, FTPS, SFTP, SCP, HTTP and HTTPS
 Features -Protocol translation (e.g. from FTP to SFTP, or
FTP to FTPS)
 Remote administration

31. The recent products of FTP client
and server,
 Cute FTP
 Turbosoft FTP
 Smart FTP
 FTP rush
 Wing FTP server

32. Conclusion
 Thus the ftp client and server play a major role in
transferring file from the client and server.
 The emerging products of FTP client and server will
transfer the file effectively.

33. References
 http://www.wingftp.com/
 http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol
 http://www.ftprush.com/
 http://www.cuteftp.com/
 http://www.turbosoft.com/

34. THANK YOU