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Open Access in South Africa 
New roles and responsibilities for new imperatives 
Ina Smith 
23 September 2014
SA Bill of Rights (SA Constitution) 
Everybody has the right to … 
Information 
Education 
http://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za/bill-of-rights/Infomration http://www.belgrade-meu.org/beum-herald/
Human Development Index 
Country 
HDI 
Life expectancy 
Expected years of schooling 
Gross national income per capita ($) 
1 
Norway 
0.944 
81.5 
17.6 
63.909 
57 
Russian Federation 
0.778 
68.0 
14.0 
22.617 
79 
Brazil 
0.744 
73.9 
15.2 
14.275 
91 
China 
0.719 
75.3 
12.9 
11.477 
118 
South Africa 
0.658 
56.9 
13.1 
11.788 
135 
India 
0.586 
66.4 
11.7 
5.150 
United Nations Development Programme (2014) 
http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components 
long and healthy life - access to knowledge - decent standard of living
Opening access to information for a better educated nation, that has a higher life expectancy …
“Universities and researchers are coming under increasing pressure to demonstrate the wider impact that their funded research has beyond the end of the research project.” 
Manchester Univ. eScholar Blog (2012)
Crises in education … “Provide long- term solutions to the deep-seated educational and publishing crises in Africa.” (Raju et al. 2014)
Open Access for SA 
“Open access promotes the distribution of scholarly literature for the growth and development of research and society - connecting researcher, society and development.” (Raju et al. 2014) 
“The issue of connectedness highlights the fact that the research process is only complete when the end product is distributed as widely as possible.” (Raju et al. 2014)
Open Access Journals
Open Access Journals 
Systems support: software installation, upgrades, back-up’s, digital preservation 
Training and continuous support, communication 
Identify and implement new trends, e.g. ORCID (South African Journal of Library and Information Science) 
Identify opportunities to increase visibility 
Demonstrating impact
Open Access Repositories 
http://opendoar.org
Institutional Repositories 
Institutional repositories are becoming the mainstream responsibility of the library (Raju et al. 2014) 
Number of institutions have developed roles with responsibility specifically for the institution’s repository 
Job titles: Repository Administrator/Manager/ Scholarly Communications Manager
Repository management - extension of the role and responsibility of the Systems Librarian, Acquisitions Librarian, Research Librarian, Law Librarian and Specialist: Records, Management and Archival Services
Understanding of … 
Scholarly communication practices of individual disciplines, even as they are rapidly evolving 
Scholars’ use of pre-publication research material 
Support pace of scientific discovery, encourage innovation, enrich education, stimulate economy
Responsibilities 
Solicit prime research output for ingestion into repositories 
Advocate for OA & publishing in OA journals 
Influence the development of alternative metrics (Altmetrics) 
Interpret & apply copyright, publishers’ restrictions and embargoes – clear rights 
Creative Commons Licenses 
Negotiate rights with publishers 
Protect & preserve local content – strengthen intellectual capacity
Identify OA resources to address needs 
Evaluate resources – quality information 
‘Uploaders’- sharing information 
Improving usage and impact of research output 
Research Data Management 
Development of policies for the collection and dissemination of published research output either in pre-print, post-print or the publisher’s version format
Task force on librarians’ competencies … 
… in support of e-research and scholarly communication 
The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) 
Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) 
Association of European Research Libraries (LIBER) 
Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR) 
https://www.coar-repositories.org/activities/support-and-training/ task-force-competencies/
Task force scope of work 
Identify service areas for libraries within the context of e-research, repository management & scholarly communication 
Map the services & roles to the competencies required by librarians and library professionals 
Note array of organizational models evolving to support new services 
Produce a toolkit that will help to build capacity in libraries for supporting new roles 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
Competency areas 
Research Data Management (RDM) 
Scholarly Communication & Open Access (OA) 
Digital Humanities (DH) 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
Competency area: Research Data Management (RDM) 
Core competencies 
Providing access to data 
Advocacy & support for managing data 
Managing data collections 
Related service areas & roles 
OA & institutional repositories, collection development, advisory services (copyright, policies, etc.), information literacy, digital curation, digital preservation, digital collections 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
To work with 
Digital Repository Librarian, Subject Librarian, Digital Initiatives Librarian, Digital Humanities Librarian 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
Competency area: Scholarly Communication & OA 
Core competencies 
Scholarly publishing services 
Copyright & OA advocacy & outreach 
Scholarly resource assessment 
Related service areas & roles 
Research data management, collection development, advisory services (copyright, policies, etc.), information literacy 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
To work with 
Digital Repository Librarian, Subject Librarian, Digital Initiatives Librarian, Digital Humanities Librarian 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
Competency area: Digital Humanities (DH) 
Core competencies 
Scholarly communication & publishing 
Technical services & collection management 
Digital lifecycle information management 
Client engagement & training 
Related service areas & roles 
Repository Manager, Data Manager & Scholarly Communication Librarian 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
To work with 
Digital Repository Librarian, Subject Librarian, Digital Initiatives Librarian, Digital Humanities Librarian 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
Next … 
Reviewing draft profiles & engaging in describing other service areas: Digital preservation: Digital Curation, Metadata, Research Support, Instructional Services, Repository Management, Digital Initiatives, Technology Services 
Clustering competencies/specializations 
Developing an online toolkit that will allow library managers 
Provide an outline of new organizational models for libraries 
(Kuchma et al. 2014)
Recommendations 
All librarians – OA not exclusive 
Training & self-learning (lifelong learners) 
More collaboration between institutions, e.g. SEALS Consortium to overcome logistical issues
“We think of ourselves far too frequently as just individuals, separated from one another, whereas you are connected and what you do affects the whole world. When you do well, it spreads out; it is for the whole of humanity”. 
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
South African librarians … 
The future is OPEN
Bibliography 
Kuchma, I et al., Librarians’ Competencies in Support of E-Research and Scholarly Communication, LIBER 43rd Annual Conference, Riga July 4, 2014 
Raju, R, Raju, J & Smith, I, 2014, South Africa: the role of open access in promoting local content, increasing its usage and impact and protecting it [unpublished]
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Open access in South Africa

  • 1. Open Access in South Africa New roles and responsibilities for new imperatives Ina Smith 23 September 2014
  • 2. SA Bill of Rights (SA Constitution) Everybody has the right to … Information Education http://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za/bill-of-rights/Infomration http://www.belgrade-meu.org/beum-herald/
  • 3. Human Development Index Country HDI Life expectancy Expected years of schooling Gross national income per capita ($) 1 Norway 0.944 81.5 17.6 63.909 57 Russian Federation 0.778 68.0 14.0 22.617 79 Brazil 0.744 73.9 15.2 14.275 91 China 0.719 75.3 12.9 11.477 118 South Africa 0.658 56.9 13.1 11.788 135 India 0.586 66.4 11.7 5.150 United Nations Development Programme (2014) http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components long and healthy life - access to knowledge - decent standard of living
  • 4. Opening access to information for a better educated nation, that has a higher life expectancy …
  • 5. “Universities and researchers are coming under increasing pressure to demonstrate the wider impact that their funded research has beyond the end of the research project.” Manchester Univ. eScholar Blog (2012)
  • 6. Crises in education … “Provide long- term solutions to the deep-seated educational and publishing crises in Africa.” (Raju et al. 2014)
  • 7. Open Access for SA “Open access promotes the distribution of scholarly literature for the growth and development of research and society - connecting researcher, society and development.” (Raju et al. 2014) “The issue of connectedness highlights the fact that the research process is only complete when the end product is distributed as widely as possible.” (Raju et al. 2014)
  • 9. Open Access Journals Systems support: software installation, upgrades, back-up’s, digital preservation Training and continuous support, communication Identify and implement new trends, e.g. ORCID (South African Journal of Library and Information Science) Identify opportunities to increase visibility Demonstrating impact
  • 10. Open Access Repositories http://opendoar.org
  • 11. Institutional Repositories Institutional repositories are becoming the mainstream responsibility of the library (Raju et al. 2014) Number of institutions have developed roles with responsibility specifically for the institution’s repository Job titles: Repository Administrator/Manager/ Scholarly Communications Manager
  • 12. Repository management - extension of the role and responsibility of the Systems Librarian, Acquisitions Librarian, Research Librarian, Law Librarian and Specialist: Records, Management and Archival Services
  • 13. Understanding of … Scholarly communication practices of individual disciplines, even as they are rapidly evolving Scholars’ use of pre-publication research material Support pace of scientific discovery, encourage innovation, enrich education, stimulate economy
  • 14. Responsibilities Solicit prime research output for ingestion into repositories Advocate for OA & publishing in OA journals Influence the development of alternative metrics (Altmetrics) Interpret & apply copyright, publishers’ restrictions and embargoes – clear rights Creative Commons Licenses Negotiate rights with publishers Protect & preserve local content – strengthen intellectual capacity
  • 15. Identify OA resources to address needs Evaluate resources – quality information ‘Uploaders’- sharing information Improving usage and impact of research output Research Data Management Development of policies for the collection and dissemination of published research output either in pre-print, post-print or the publisher’s version format
  • 16. Task force on librarians’ competencies … … in support of e-research and scholarly communication The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Association of European Research Libraries (LIBER) Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR) https://www.coar-repositories.org/activities/support-and-training/ task-force-competencies/
  • 17. Task force scope of work Identify service areas for libraries within the context of e-research, repository management & scholarly communication Map the services & roles to the competencies required by librarians and library professionals Note array of organizational models evolving to support new services Produce a toolkit that will help to build capacity in libraries for supporting new roles (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 18. Competency areas Research Data Management (RDM) Scholarly Communication & Open Access (OA) Digital Humanities (DH) (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 19. Competency area: Research Data Management (RDM) Core competencies Providing access to data Advocacy & support for managing data Managing data collections Related service areas & roles OA & institutional repositories, collection development, advisory services (copyright, policies, etc.), information literacy, digital curation, digital preservation, digital collections (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 20. To work with Digital Repository Librarian, Subject Librarian, Digital Initiatives Librarian, Digital Humanities Librarian (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 21. Competency area: Scholarly Communication & OA Core competencies Scholarly publishing services Copyright & OA advocacy & outreach Scholarly resource assessment Related service areas & roles Research data management, collection development, advisory services (copyright, policies, etc.), information literacy (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 22. To work with Digital Repository Librarian, Subject Librarian, Digital Initiatives Librarian, Digital Humanities Librarian (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 23. Competency area: Digital Humanities (DH) Core competencies Scholarly communication & publishing Technical services & collection management Digital lifecycle information management Client engagement & training Related service areas & roles Repository Manager, Data Manager & Scholarly Communication Librarian (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 24. To work with Digital Repository Librarian, Subject Librarian, Digital Initiatives Librarian, Digital Humanities Librarian (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 25. Next … Reviewing draft profiles & engaging in describing other service areas: Digital preservation: Digital Curation, Metadata, Research Support, Instructional Services, Repository Management, Digital Initiatives, Technology Services Clustering competencies/specializations Developing an online toolkit that will allow library managers Provide an outline of new organizational models for libraries (Kuchma et al. 2014)
  • 26. Recommendations All librarians – OA not exclusive Training & self-learning (lifelong learners) More collaboration between institutions, e.g. SEALS Consortium to overcome logistical issues
  • 27. “We think of ourselves far too frequently as just individuals, separated from one another, whereas you are connected and what you do affects the whole world. When you do well, it spreads out; it is for the whole of humanity”. Archbishop Desmond Tutu
  • 28. South African librarians … The future is OPEN
  • 29. Bibliography Kuchma, I et al., Librarians’ Competencies in Support of E-Research and Scholarly Communication, LIBER 43rd Annual Conference, Riga July 4, 2014 Raju, R, Raju, J & Smith, I, 2014, South Africa: the role of open access in promoting local content, increasing its usage and impact and protecting it [unpublished]
  • 30. Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms.