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1. Dr,Abid Ali Ranjha
M.B.B.S, D.C.H, M.P.H , PGD,M.S.C (Community
health and nutrition)
PGPN Certificate Bostin University (USA)
Assistant Professor
Contact # +923226688350
e-mail: abid1262@yahoo.com

2. "‫عورش‬ ُ
‫ترک‬‫ا‬
‫ہ‬
‫و‬
‫ں‬
‫ہللا‬
‫ک‬
‫ے‬
‫مان‬
‫ےس‬
‫وج‬
‫ب‬
‫ڑ‬
‫ا‬
‫ابرہم‬‫ں‬
‫روا‬
‫ن‬
‫ہ‬
‫ا‬
‫ی‬
‫ت‬
‫محر‬
‫ےںرک‬
‫الاو‬
‫ہ‬
‫ے‬ “
I n t h e N a m e o f A l l a h ,
T h e M o s t C o m p a s s i o n a t e ,
T h e M o s t M e r c i f u l ”

3. Disposal ofwastes
Out
lines
• Introduction
• Contents of waste
• Hazards of waste
• Safety measures (method of disposal) for solid and
liquid. Domestic. Industrial and hospital waste

4. Introduction
Disposal of waste is now largely the domain
of sanitarians and public health engineers.
However, health professionals need to have a
basic knowledge of the subject since
improper disposal of waste constitutes a
health hazard.

5. Further the health professional may be called
upon to give advice in some special
situations, such as camp sanitation or
coping with waste disposal problems when
there is a disruption or breakdown of
community health service in natural
disasters. These aspects are considered in
this section.

6. Contents ofwaste
Therearefivetypeof wastewitcharedomesticandindustrial
1) Solid waste it in includes garbage (food wastes)
rubbish (paper plastics wood metal throw away
containers sewage treatment residue (sludge and
solids from the coarse screening of domestic
sewage) dead animals manure and other
discarded material.
The per capita daily solid waste produced ranges
between
0.25 to 2.5 kg in different countries.

7. 2)Liquidwaste
Liquid waste is commonly found both in
households as well as in industries
Industrial waste are usually toxic and explosive

8. 3) Organicwaste
Organic waste is common household waste such
ash, and animal waste (faeces) they can used
for fertilizing soil.

9. 4) HospitalWaste
Medical waste usually four types ( According to OSHA)
a) General medical waste (paper, plastic and office
waste)
b) Infectious medical waste (this include syringes blood
soaked bandages sharp waste surgical waste human
and body parts cultures and swabs.
c) Hazardous medical waste ( chemotherapy agents,
chemicals mercury and lead in paint
d) Radio medical waste

10. 5) Hazardouswaste
Hazardous waste including most paints,
chemicals, tires, batteries, light bulbs,
electrical appliances, fluorescent lamps,
aerosol spray cans, and fertilizers toxic waste
including pesticides, herbicides, and
fungicides.

11. When solid waste, if allowed to accumulate is a health
hazard because:
a. It decomposes and favours fly
breeding
b. It attracts rodents and vermin
c. The pathogens which may be present In the
solid waste may be conveyed back to man’s
food through files and dust.

12. a. There is a possibility of water and soil
pollution
b. Heaps of refuse present an unsightly
appearance and nuisance from bad
odours

13. When categorizing hazardous waste the EPA
breaks it down by four characteristics:
1) Ignitability or something flammable.
2) Corrosivity or something that can or
decompose
3) Reactivity or something explosive
4) Toxicity or something poisonous.

14. Methods of disposal(safety
measures for solid and liquid domestic
industrial and hospital waste
There is no single method of refuse disposal
which is equally suitable in all circumstances.
The choice of a particular method is governed by
local factors such as cost and availability of land
and labour. The principal methods of refuse
disposal are:-

15. 1)Dumping
2)Controlled tipping or sanitary
land-fill 3)Incineration
4)Composting
5)Manure
pits
6)Burial

16. 1) Dumping
WHO Expert committee (1967)
condemned dumping as a most
insanitary method that creates public
health hazards a nuisance, and severe
pollution of the environment.
Dumping should be outlawed and
replaced by sound procedures.

17. 2) Controlledtipping
Controlled tipping or sanitary landfill is the most
satisfactory method of refuse disposal where
suitable land is available. It differs from ordinary
dumping in that the material is placed in trench
or other prepared area adequately compacted
and covered with earth at the end of the working
day.

18. The term modified sanitary landfill has
been applied to those operations where
compaction and covering are
accomplished once or twice a week.

19. 3) Incineration
Refuse can be disposed of hygienically by burning or
incineration. It is the method of choice where suitable land
is not available. Hospital refuse which is particularly
dangerous is best disposed of by industrialized countries.
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves
the combustion of substances contained in waste
materials. Industrial plants for waste incineration are
commonly referred to as waste-to- energy facilities.
Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment
systems are described as "thermal treatment".

21. Important use of incineration is that it reduces volume of waste by 20-30% of
original volume. This process is also known as thermal treatment where solid
waste materials are converted by Incinerators into heat, gas, steam and ash.

22. Both combustion and incineration are similar processes. The key difference between combustion and
incineration is that combustion includes the reaction between substances and oxygen, which
produces energy, whereas incineration is the destruction of something via burning

23. 4) Composting
Composting is a method of combined disposal of
refuse and night soil or sludge. It is process of
nature where by organic matter break down under
bacterial action resulting in the formation of
relatively stable humus like material called the
compost which has considerable manorial value
for the soil.

24. Thefollowingmethod of composting arenewused
1)Bangalore method (Anaerobic method)
2)Mechanical method ( Aerobic method)

25. 5) Manurepits
Refuse is thrown around the houses
indiscriminately resulting in gross
pollution of the soil.

26. 6) Burial
This method is suitable for small camps. A trench
1.5 m wide 2 m deep is excavated and at the end
of each day the refuse is covered with 20 to 30
cm of earth. When the level in the trench is 40
cm from ground level the trench
is filled with earth and compacted and a trench is
dug out.

27. THAN
K