The document summarizes the generations of mobile networks from 1G to 5G. 1G introduced analog cell phones in the 1980s with speeds up to 2.4kbps. 2G launched digital networks in the late 1980s supporting speeds up to 64kbps. 3G emerged in the late 1990s providing speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps and supported more applications. 4G was developed in 2002 with theoretical speeds up to 1Gbps. 5G is being researched to provide incredible transmission speeds with unlimited call volumes and infinite data through advanced technologies like smart radios and wearable devices. Each generation brought improvements in speed and capabilities to support more advanced applications.

1. Generation of Mobile Networks
Presented by
Rajat Soni
140291

2. Introduction
• Mobile communication is an important aspect in
communication technology and mobile phone has become the
most common tool of communication over the recent years.
• Several innovative improvements regarding mobile
communication technologies have been made by developing
various multiple-access schemes used for wireless
communication (such as TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA)
etc..
• The big challenge is to select the right technology for the
applications and systematically identify the factors that
influence the overall performance
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3.  The first generation was introduced in the early 1980s. 1G wireless
was analog cell phones with the speeds up to 2.4kbps.
 The second generation fielded in the late 1980s.It was planned
mainly for voice transmission with digital signal speeds up to
64kbps.
 The third generation was developed in the late 1990s .3G provided
the transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps
 The fourth generation raised in 2002. The speeds of 4G can
theoretically be promised up to 1Gbps.
 The beyond will be 5G with incredible transmission speed with no
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Time-line from 1G to 4G and beyond

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Evolution of mobile Networks

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1st Generation
• Analog cell phones.
• A voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about
150MHz
• speed up to 2.4kbps
• Allows users to make voice calls only
Access method:
FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Providers
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone)
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)

6. • Poor voice quality
• Poor battery life
• Large phone size
• No security
• Frequent call drops
• Limited capacity and poor handoff reliability.
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2nd Generation
• 2G is the digital system that we are using even today
• the speeds up to 64kbps
• 2.5G, with packet switching supports data transmission over GPRS
• 2G system uses TDMA and few uses CDMA

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Digital cell phones
Speed: 10kbits/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
31-41 min
Different Services :
digital voice calling
short message service (SMS)
Standards:
GSM
CDMA

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• Digital systems
• Technology to increase capacity
• Speech compression; digital signal processing
• “Intelligent Network” concepts
• Improve fraud prevention
• 2G Data Transmission Capacity
With GPRS transfer speed of max. 50 kbit/s .
With EDGE transfer speed of max. 1 Mbit/s

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Benefits:
• consume less battery power
• improves the voice clarity
• reduces noise in the line
• secrecy and safety to the data and voice calls
 circuit switched
 inefficiency in usage of bandwidth
 Reduce range of sound.
 Weaker digital signal.

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3rd Generation
2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow
transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not
meet today's wireless needs.
3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice
data over the same network simultaneously.
Developed in the late 1990s until present day
Japan is the first country having introduced 3G nationally, and in
Japan the transition to 3G is being largely completed during
2005/2006.
Applications :
Internet, e-mail, fax, e-commerce, music,
video clips, and videoconferencing

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Features includes:
- Phone calls
- Global roaming
- Send/receive large email messages
- High-speed Web
- Videoconferencing
- TV streaming
-GPS
Speed: 144kb/sec-3mb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
11sec-1.5min

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Advantages
 More bandwidth , security & reliability.
 Inter-portability between services providers.
 High data rates.
 Rich multimedia services.
 Always online devices.
Disadvantages
 Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.
 Numerous differences in the licensing terms.
 It is a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G
 high at cost

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3.5G (HSPA)
HSPA is an amalgamation of two mobile telephony protocols,
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed
Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the
performance of existing WCDMA protocols
3.5G introduces many new features that will enhance the UMTS
technology in future. These include:
- Adaptive Modulation and Coding
- Fast Scheduling
- Backward compatibility with 3G
- Enhanced Air Interface

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4th Generation
• 4G development focuses around achieving ultra-broadband speeds,
competing with and in some cases outstripping the speeds provided by
your home internet connection.
• 4G average speeds are targeted to be in the 100Mbps to 1Gbps range
• LTE stands for Long Term Evolution
• Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps
• Based on UMTS 3G technology
• Optimized for All-IP traffic

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Characteristics
Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps
 Lower cost than previous generations.
 Multi-standard wireless system
 Coverage of wide area.
 Wide Variety of services capability.
 IPv6 core
 Potentially IEEE standards 802.11
 Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.

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• Uses OFDM for downlink
• Uses SC-FDMA for uplink
• Uses MIMO
• Reduced power consumption
• Higher RF power amplifier efficiency
Advantages
• High usability
• Low transmission cost.
• Higher bandwidth
• High network security.
Disadvantages
• very expensive implementation.

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• One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.
MAGIC:
Mobile Multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global Mobility Support
Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Services
• Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere.

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5th Generation
• 5G is a is a technology used in research papers and projects to
denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunication
standards.It is a Real wireless world that is a complete WWWW:
World Wide Wireless Web. 5G technology has changed the means
to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. A user would
never have experienced such a high value technology.
• 5G technology is going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile
market.5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has
ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data
broadcast within latest mobile operating system.

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 Real wireless world with no more limitations with access &
zone issues
 Wearable devices
 IPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP address is assigned
according to location & connected network
 One unified global standard
 Smart radio
 The user can simultaneously be connected with several
wireless access technology
 Multiple concurrent data transfer path

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Comparison chart

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We have seen how the technology has progressed through the
years.
4G mobile technologies will stimulate subscriber interest in
broadband wireless applications because of its ability and
flexibility towards the world of wireless mobile
communications.
4G just right started from 2002 and there are many standards
and technologies, which are still in developing process.
4G is the evolution based on 3G’s limitation and it will fulfil
the idea of WWWW(5G), World Wide Wireless Web, offering
more services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive
cost
Since 3G mobile is still in the market, 4G reduces the market
Conclusion

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References
Generations of mobile wireless technology: A survey
By mudit ratana bhalla & anand vardhan bhalla
International journal of computer applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 5– no.4, august 2010
Evolution and development towards 4th generation (4g) mobile
communication systems
By M. Junaid arshad, amjad farooq, abad shah Journal of american
science

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Thank you