1. Pankti Dharwa/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.972-976
Light-Weight Communication System in Grid
Pankti Dharwa
(Department of Computer Science,Sobhasaria Engg. College, RTU)
ABSTRACT Grid computing is an interesting research area that
The advantage of high-performance networks in integrates geographically-distributed computing
conjunction with low-cost, powerful resources into a single powerful system. Many
computational machines have made possible the applications can benefit from such integration.
development of a new set of technologies termed Examples are collaborative applications, remote
"computational grid". These technologies are visualization and the remote use of scientific
making possible the creation of very large-scale instruments. Grid software supports such
distributed computing systems by interconnecting applications by addressing issues like resource
geographically distributed computational allocation, fault tolerance, security, and
resources via very high-performance networks. heterogeneity. Parallel computing on geographically
One particularly difficult issue is that of utilizing distributed resources, often called distributed super-
fully available bandwidth while computing, is one important class of grid computing
being in some sense fair to competing traffic applications.
flows. It has been widely demonstrated that TCP,
the communication protocol of choice for most 2. RELATED WORK
distributed application, Based on the existing grid security
often performs quite poorly in the emerging high- technologies, an authentication and access control
bandwidth high-delay network environments. framework at Virtual Organization (VO) level for
This has led to significant research on the group communication in grid environment. The
development to user-level applications that can implementation of prototype based on GridShib.
circumvent some of the performance problems GridShib, developed to solve cross-domain
inherent in TCP. The goal of this paper is to authentication and distributed authorization [1]. The
develop Light-Weight Communication System in system manages each part as a separate process (the
the Grid. The first initiative is to apply multi- single program, multipledata model) that
casting features to this protocol & the algorithm communicates via messages [5].
for the same is developed. Then apply the The Multi-Link Translator and Display System
algorithm on the Grid by using MPI (Message provides three basic capabilities: to receive and
Passing Interface). Reduce the System call, which display tactical data link information, to translate
is not necessary by the Windows at all the time between tactical data link message sets, and to route
and which consumes more time in background the data link information between various physical
processes. interfaces [6]. User management model developed
for the lightweight multilevel grid system GrOSD
Keywords – Alchemi Framework, Grid computing, (Grid-aware Open Service Directory). Main purpose
Light Weight Communication, Message Passing in making the design was the simplicity and
Interface. scalability [8].
1. INTRODUCTION • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), in group
The main objective of this paper " Light- communication systems, there exist many kinds of
weight communication system in Grid" for building roles, such as group creator, group controller, many
an efficient, flexible, and scalable inter-grid kinds of application managers and application
communication. To make a Communication Light- members. In which they used attribute-based
Weight in Grid, because of the limited network approach [1].
bandwidth, high throughput, more reliability, by
reducing the unnecessary System call and applying • Dynamic scheduling system communication,
the Multi-Cast Protocol with MPI for the monitoring module monitor the running of sub-tasks
communication. Challenges in designing such in the simulation process of the operation, it can get
infrastructure arise due to the distributed nature of the CPU utilization rate, delay time and port traffic,
the resources to be used, the distributed etc, also can display in real-time. Dynamic
communities, the size of the data to be shared and scheduling module receives the monitoring results
the limited network bandwidth. information,
and then under the dynamic algorithm migrate
simulation task to achieve load balancing [3].
3. EXISTING METHODOLOGIES
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2. Pankti Dharwa/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.972-976
A grid application is defined simply as an grid head node(Manager), which contains the
application that is to be executed on agrid and that services like message handler/dispatcher services,
consists of a number of grid threads. Grid directory services, etc. Grid head node see the
applications and grid threads are available resources, and send
exposed to the grid application developer via the the query message or the application thread to other
object-oriented Alchemi .NET API[4]. grid node. The grid executor or the execution node
3.1 Basic Architecture of Communication System compute the application thread or the query message
and give the output back to the grid head
node(Manager), and that node collect the output of
from all other grid execution node and combine it to
gather as one and give it back to the application
client or the user.
Figure 1. Basic Architecture of Communication
Figure 2. Normal Flow of Grids
System
4. PROPOSED ALGORITHM AND
METHODS
4.1 Optimization of Light-Weight
The basic architecture of the communication system Communication
is as described below. The user application is send to
the Grid head node(Manager), which has container Optimize communication services is essentially any
in type of semantics associated with communication
which all layer for the communication system is beyond the simple, reliable unicast, transfer of data
described as the Application mode llike ,thread, task, from point A to point B, or even the multicast of
etc. Then the Allocation Manager check the data from one to many [7].
available resources and
then the Message Handler/or Dispatcher, send or There are several ways to Optimize the Light-
receive the message for the communication. There is Weight Communication.some ways are,
security mechanism like,
Authentication,Authorization is used for  Using multiple networks in parallel
the communication according to the gird protocol.
 Simplifying LAN-wide host naming
And finally the Communication layer can
communicate to the other Grid Execution
 Simplifying communication protocol
node(Executor) [9].
 Avoiding temporary buffering of messages
3.2 Working Flow of Grids
The normal flow of the Alchemi grid is as described  Pipelined communication path
below. There is/are the user application or
 Avoid system calls for communication
application client sends the application thread or the
query message to the
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3. Pankti Dharwa/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.972-976
 Lightweight system calls for 6. MPI Recv: reads the local receiving buffer.
communication
7. MPI Bcast/Mcast: sends data to multiple
 Providing very low-level mechanisms processes.
4.2 Multi-Cast Protocol With MPI 4.3.1 Basic Concepts of Data Transfer
• All MPI communication is based on
communicator which contains a
context and group.
• Contexts can be defined as safe
communication space for message passing
and also it allows the different libraries to co-
exist.
• Group is set of processes.
• Processes can be identify by unique rank in
group.
4.3.2 Message passing is required for:
• Data transfer plus synchronization
• Requires cooperation of sender and receiver
Figure 3. MPI using Multi-cast Protocol • Cooperation not always apparent in code
The Multi-cast protocol for send/receive 5. IMPLEMENTATION
which combine with the MPI(Message Passing Alchemi is a .NET based grid computing
Interface)algorithm, it combine with the windows framework that provides runtime machinery and
gird by using API- GThread, programming environment required to construct the
GApplication, GConnection to the Grid head node. desktop grid and developed
Grid head have storageor the schedular which the grid application. It allows us flexible application
schedule the application.and give it to the grid other composition by supporting the object-oriented grid
node to execute programming model. Cross platform support is
and take the output or the values back from it. This provided by Web-services and flexible execution
all process is done on the windows .Net framework. model supports dedicated execution by grid nodes
[16].
4.3 Message Passing Implementation
Message Passing is a communication 5.1 Alchemi Framework
paradigm to develop parallel and distributed The aim of Alchemi grid computing framework is
applications that require inter-process not to develop the grid software as easy as possible
communication. The Message Passing Interface but flexible, scalable, reliable, and extensible. The
(MPI)computing models are specifications for key features of the Alchemi are,
parallel that have numerous different
• Internet based cluster computing for desktop
implementations [17]. Below are the main functions
computer without a shared file system.
i will implement for MPI.
• Dedicated execution by cluster and individual
1. MPI Init: message passing initialization method.
nodes.
2. MPI Finalize: message passing finalization
• Object-oriented grid thread programming model.
method.
5.2 Grid Thread Programming
3. MPI Comm size: returns the total number of
The two central classes in alchemi grid API are
processes.
GThread and GApplication that represent the grid
4. MPI Comm rank: returns the process identifier. thread and grid application respectively. GThread is
used for the code to be executed remotely and
5. MPI Send: sends data to a remote node. GApplication is for locally executed code [16].
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4. Pankti Dharwa/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.972-976
5.3 About the Bandwidth Monitor
Bandwidth Monitor tracks traffic of all
network connections and displays real-time
download and upload speeds in graphical and
numerical forms (refer to screen shot
below). The software logs traffic of all network
connections and provides daily, weekly and monthly
traffic reports. Bandwidth Monitor can also display
download and up-
load speeds of multiple network connections on a
computer at a time. For example, you can monitor
bandwidth of multiple network cards on your
computer at the same
time. Bandwidth Monitor also offers useful built-in Figure 5. Packets Sent/sec in Grid
utilities: speeds stopwatch, transfer rates recorder,
and bandwidth usage notification. 6.1.3 Packets Receive/sec in Grid
6. EXPERIMENTALRESULTS AND
ANALYSIS
The result, have been obtain using the "PERFWIZ"
simulator, and "Bandwidth Monitor" are shown in the
tables.
Table 1: Various Performance Parameters
Total
Avg Bytes Avg Bytes
Executor execution
sent(kbps) receive(kbps)
Time(sec)
1 43.76 1.05 0.32
2 22.23 1.60 0.41
3 15.02 1.27 0.44 Figure 6. Packets receive/sec in Grid
4 15.01 1.72 0.54 7. RESULT ANALYSIS
From the various kind of graphs, it shows
the different parameter for measuring the
6.1.1 Various Grid Nodes and Execution Time performance of the grid. In first Graph, shows that
the execution time of the applica-
tion or the job is decrease according to the
increasing the no of grid execution node. In second
and third graph, parameters like Packet sent/receive
per second. From that, the difference of the
execution time and other parameter
increase/decrease accordingly with the no. of grid
execution node(s). The Parameter’s value increasing
with the no of grid nodes are, packe tsent/sec, the no
of grid nodes are, application’s execution time,
8. CONCLUSION
Light-Weight Communication helps in
improving the performance parameters like
Figure 4. Execution Time execution time, network bandwidth, memory usage,
data sent/receive, etc. Since
6.1.2 Packets Sent/Sec in Grid existing TCP/IP protocol when used in grid, does not
provide, priority based routing, rate and burst
control, multi-casting, etc. An attempt is made to
overcome this and
build the Light-Weight Communication Protocol.
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5. Pankti Dharwa/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.972-976
From the various result, it can be concluded that Georgiev, Kiril Boyanov, Maciej
using "Light-Weight Communication System in Malawski, Marian Bubak, Stavros Isaiadis,
Grid", application’s execution time can be reduced Vladimir Getov, "USER PROFILING
up-to 15-25% of the normal execution time. Other FOR LIGHTWEIGHT GRIDS".
identified parameters are volume of data transfer and [9] George Clapp, Joel W. Gannett, Ronald
the network protocol used in Grid, specifically for Skoog,"Requirements and Design of a
the multi-casting. The other parameters like network Dynamic Grid Networking Layer", 0-7803-
bandwidth, 8430-W04F 2004 IEEE.
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important for a grid to become as "Light-Weight James Stepanek,Ignacio Solisy, J. Matt
Grids". Clark, Brooks Davis,"Using Topology-
Aware Communication Services in Grid
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Environments" Proceedings of the 3rd
I am Pankti Dharwa. I am pursuing MTech IEEE/ACM International Symposiumon
(Computer Science) from Sobhasaria Engineering Cluster Computing and the Grid
College, Sikar. Rajasthan Technological University. (CCGRID.03),0-7695-1919-9/03 2003
My research area is Grid Computing. I am very IEEE.
thankful to faculty members and to my friends for [11] Jack Dongarra, Thomas Sterling, Horst
their support. And at this moment, I would like to Simon, and Erich Strohmaier,"HIGH-
express my appreciation to my family members for PERFORMANCE COMPUTING:
their unlimited encouragement and support. CLUSTERS, CONSTELLATIONS, MPPS,
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS", 1521-
9615/05/ 2005 IEEE.
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