SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 8
Baixar para ler offline
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

Expert system of single magnetic lens using JESS
in Focused Ion Beam
Fadhil A. Ali
Oklahoma State University –Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
39 S. University place Apt.11, Stillwater ,OK 74075, 405-714-1084

ABSTRACT
This work shows expert system of symmetrical single magnetic lens used in focused ion beam optical
system. Java expert system shell(JESS) programming is proposed to build the intelligent agent
"MOPTION"for getting an optimum magnetic flux density , and calculate the ion optical trajectory. The
combination of such rule based engine and SIMION 8.1 has configured the reconstruction process and
compiled the data retrieved by the proposed expert system agent to implement the pole-pieces
reconstruction for lens design. The pole pieces reconstruction has been resulted in 3D graph , and under
the infinite magnification conditions of the optical path, aberration (spherical / chromatic and total) disks
diameters have been obtained and got the values (0.03,0.13 and 0.133) micron (µm) respectively.

Keywords
Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Magnetic Lens, Focused Ion Beam

1. INTRODUCTION
A magnetic lens is a device for the focusing or deflection of moving charged particles, such as
electrons or ions, by use of the magnetic Lorentz force. In electron/ion optics a projector lenses,
are often used the symmetrical design, which it has the air gap at the centre of the lens. Here,
owing to the mirror symmetry of the magnetic field about the mid-plane of the lens, only one half
of the lens need be considered [1]. In majority of symmetrical magnetic lenses, the axial field
B(z) is bell-shaped in distribution. Grivet and Lenz are considered model takes the form [2] ;

( )

( ⁄ )

....................................... (1)

where ,b = 0.7593 a ; a - is the half width of the "bell" at one half of its maximum height.
Munro has introduced design and optimization of magnetic lenses and deflection systems for
electron beams, his approach was based on the physical superimposed bothmagnetic lens and
deflection fields. Which is produced a total aberration disk of 0.45µm before dynamic corrections
and 0.15µm after dynamic corrections [3].

DOI:10.5121/ijcsa.2013.3601

1
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

AlsoSzilagyi, and Ahmad et al have introduced the dynamic programming approach, that gets a
computer aided design of an electrostatic FIB system consisting of three electrostatic lenses
approximated by the Spline lens model[4,5]. Steve C. Johnston et al are presented and described
a novel method of determining potentially successful starting designs by utilizing an expert
systems algorithm which operates on a database of previously well-designed optical systems. The
database is composed of systems created by a `not-so-local' optimization algorithm, and a
collection of previously well-designed systems[6]. More recently Ali has introduced an expert
system to design two electrostatic lenses column by mixing dynamic programming and AI
techniques [7].Regina Holčáková and Martin Marek have shown the simulation of magnetic field
distribution of some types of magnetic lenses in software Ansys with the employment of results
of magnetic measurements [8].
In this paper the programming method is developed and applied to a single symmetrical
magnetic lens with non permeability by building agent called "Magnetic Optimization for Ions" MOPTION of the rule-based system by using Java Expert System Shell (JESS 7).
The typical recursive formulation and optimization procedure is adopted in the present
programming procedure has the following formula [9]:
(

)

(

)

( ) …………… (2)

where n is an integer denoting the stage of the problem, s is an integer denoting the state of the
system at n, s' is an integer denoting the state of the system at stage n-1 resulting from the
decision x, x is the decision being evaluated at stage n , R(n,s,x) is the immediate return
associated with making decision x at stage n when the state of the system is s , F*n-1(s') is the
return associated with an optimal sequence of the decision at stage n-1 when the state is s' and g is
the minimal function. Therefore, the Rete algorithm [10] has build on imposing the optical
properties (the relative spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients) of the magnetic lens into
the recursion formula , equation (2). Those properties are characterized by a dimensionless
parameter (k2d2), where k2 is an expression represented in the paraxial ray equation of the optical
ion trajectory , equation (3), and d2 is the square of the field half-width, in which is determined
by the shape of the pole pieces and by the degree of saturation [11].
( )

( )

………………................… (3)

where ; r(z), r"(z) is the transformation of the ray coordinates by an ion optical system in z- axis
and its second derivative , respectively. And k2= [q Bz2/ 8 m V], where Bz - is the axial
component of the magnetic flux density , q- is the electric charge ,V-is the accelerating voltage
and m is the mass of ions accelerated through a magnetic field. The axial flux density distribution
was optimized as Grivet-Lenz model for magnetic lenses, which it can be used for the description
of unsaturated lenses[12].

2. Intelligent Agent (MOPTION) and Algorithm
Taking into account the above considerations, the proposed implementation consists of
embedding an instance of the Jess engine inside a recursion formula , equation(1). Since the agent
to be able to continuously reason, a cyclic code have to implement action will consist of running
the Jess rule based engine. However, we will be careful not to block other agent's behaviors for a
2
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

considerable amount of time, and the facts are the data stored in our knowledge base that
stimulate execution via the inference engine. This engine decides which rules should be executed
and when. Therefore, the present expert system agent automatically performs the magnetic field
calculations as in figure(1) ,and depending to the stored data knowledgebase for both two
factors:




The facts of the function to be optimize (magnetic flux density, ion beam trajectories).
The rules of Linear Recursive Queries in Deductive Databases procedure solutions [13],
which obey the constraints (permeability = 0 and symmetrical dimensions).

Figure1 shows the magnetic optimization for ions (MOPTION) agent scheme and its functionalities.

Figure 2Shows the algorithm of the present work for optimum the magnetic lens
3
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

3. Magnetic Lens Design
Let B(z) be the axial flux-density distribution for the lens thatdesigned using the JESS algorithm
shown in Figure (1) & (2). It has a value shown in the equation(4);
( )

( )

( )

................................(4)

Since Grivet-Lenz model has been proposed in this work, which is given the magnetic flux
density as[14]:
( )

( )

( )

................................. (5)

where; B(z)max is the maximum flux density in the optical path (z), and (a) is a constant.
Observing that equation (4) and (5) have the same mathematical expression if the constant a=2.
Figure (3) are shown the optimum flux density distribution with its first derivative and its
optimum formula respectively. The maximum value for the axial flux density distributionBmax
was taken equal to (6.0) mTesla in the programming calculations.

Figure 3 shows the optimum axial magnetic flux density distribution B(z) with its first derivative for
the given magnetic lens obtained by Jess

4. Discussions and Implementation
The expert system was resulted two main goals after finding the optimum magnetic lens.
These endeavors are summarized this approach in many applications, and proceeds to
obtain more.

4
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

4. A- Trajectories Assigning
The ion beam trajectories were obtained in Focused Ion Beam system under infinite
magnification condition[15]. Figure (4) shows the trajectory along the relative optical
axis for the optimized magnetic field is obtained values the relative spherical and
chromatic aberration coefficients Cs/fo and Cc/forespectively [2], as described in Table
(1). Also figure (5) is shown a function of the dimensionless parameter k2d2 related to the
half-width d for the optimized magnetic field vs. relative aberration coefficients.

Figure 4shows the ion beam trajectories of magnetic lens under infinite magnification condition (for a
constant length L=20 mm)

Table (1) the relative spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the optimized magnetic lens and the
dimensionless parameter k2d2
5
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

Figure 5 shows the relative spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the optimized magnetic lens
related to the dimensionless parameter k2d2

4. B- Pole Pieces Reconstruction
The present approach of a single lens design for the optimum magnetic lens, has built the pole
pieces reconstruction , which taken the same procedure by using JESS and SIMION Simulator
8.1. The following figures (6) and (7) are shown the profiles of the pole pieces of the optimized
magnetic field with µ (permeability) = 0 and NI = 96ampere-turns in two and three dimensions
respectively

Figure 6.Shows the two dimension profile of a pole piece for a present magnetic lens

6
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

Figure 7(a) three dimensions graph of the pole piece of a magnetic lens (µ=0). (b) The optimized pole
piece profile of magnetic lens obtained by SIMION 8.1

To make comparison of the present optimum magnetic lens i.e. magnetic lens (1),with a standard
Glaser's model [2] "magnetic lens (2)" as described in figure (8), that shows the axial magnetic
flux density distribution B(z) with its first derivative for both lenses.

Figure 7 Shows magnetic flux density distributions B(z) with its first derivatives for both magnetic lens (1)
& (2).

7
International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013

5. Conclusion
The present computer aided design expert system used JESS represented by Rete Algorithm has
clearly shown that proposed agent is fitted optimized results of a single symmetric magnetic lens.
Besides, SIMION 8.1 is used for building the pole pieces reconstruction and resulted 3D graphs
to give the most common standards of both magnetic flux density distribution of ion beam energy
spread like in electron beam energy spread [16]. Which is shown the distance in the air gap of the
lens and its dimensions. As well as the aberration discs diameters (ds –spherical aberration disc
diameter, dc – chromatic aberration disc diameter and dt– total aberration disc diameter) are
shown values in micro scale (µm) under the infinite magnification condition (0.03,0.13 and
0.133) respectively. For the future work, an optimization method will be recommend to get a
formula depending on the magnetic permeability µ in ferromagnetic materials as a function of the
optical axis.

6. Acknowledgement
I would like to thank OSU – School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department for
hosting me as visitor scholar.

7. References
[1]

MULVEY, The magnetic circuit in electron microscope lenses, Proceedings of the Physical Society.
Section B,vol.66 ,Number 6,p.441-447,1953
[2] P.Grivet, Electron Optics ( 2nd.ed.) ,Pergamon Press,1972
[3] E. Munro, design and optimization of magnetic lenses and deflection systems for electron beams,
J.Vac.Sci.Technol.,12,No.6,p.1146-1150,1975
[4] M. Szilagyi, Electron optical synthesis and optimization, Proc. IEEE, 73,p.412-418,1985
[5] A.K. Ahmad, M.J. Sabah and Ahmed A. Al-Tabbakh, Computer aided design of an electrostatic FIB
system, Indian J. Phys. ,76B,p.711-714,2002
[6] Steve C. Johnston, Alan W. Greynolds , David Y. Wang, Donald C. Dilworth, Combination of globaloptimization and expert-systems techniques in optical design, Proc. SPIE 1780,p. 192-196,1993
[7] F.A. Ali, Expert system Design of Two Electrostatic Lenses Column by Mixing Dynamic
Programming and AI Techniques, International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology,
vol. 2,p. 5,2010
[8] R. Holčáková and M. Marek, Innovative Research in Electron Microscopes, Analysis of Magnetic
Field Distribution of Some Types of Magnetic Lenses by FEM, 10th International Conference on
Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC) , p.1-4,2011
[9] M. Szilagyi, Electron and Ion Optics, Plenum Press,1988
[10] Charles L. Forgy , Rete : A Fast Algorithm for the Many Pattern/ Many Object Pattern Match
Problem, Artificial Intelligence, vol.19,p.17-37,1982
[11] P.W. Hawkes and E. Kasper, Principle of Electron Optics, Academic press ,vol.1,1989
[12] P.W. Hawkes and E. Kasper, Principle of Electron Optics, Academic press ,vol.3,1996
[13]Cheong Youn and Hyoung-Joo Kim, Classification and Compilation of Linear Recursive Queries in
Deductive Databases, IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,vol.4 No.1,1992
[14] H. Ohiwa, Design of electron-beam scanning systems using the moving objective lens, J. Vac. Sci.
Technol. vol.15(3),p.849-851,1978
[15] Wasan J. Kadhem, Hassan N. Al-Obaid, An inverse design approach for magnetic lenses operated
under infinite magnification condition, Optik , vol.124,p.3523– 3526,2013
[16] Eric Munro, John Rouse, Haoning Liu, and Victor Katsap, Computing the Effects of Discrete
Coulomb Interaction in Triode Gun with Magnetic Lens, IEEE Thirteenth International Vacuum
Electronics Conference (IVEC),p.381-382,2012
8

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Multiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo Matching
Multiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo MatchingMultiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo Matching
Multiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo MatchingCSCJournals
 
A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...
A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...
A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...IAEME Publication
 
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...ijistjournal
 
Multiexposure Image Fusion
Multiexposure Image FusionMultiexposure Image Fusion
Multiexposure Image FusionIJMER
 
Enhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imagery
Enhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imageryEnhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imagery
Enhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imageryeSAT Journals
 
Lec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization Problem
Lec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization ProblemLec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization Problem
Lec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization ProblemUlaş Bağcı
 
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features ijcisjournal
 
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption ijcisjournal
 
Application of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip lines
Application of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip linesApplication of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip lines
Application of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip linescseij
 
Image segmentation methods for brain mri images
Image segmentation methods for brain mri imagesImage segmentation methods for brain mri images
Image segmentation methods for brain mri imageseSAT Journals
 
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !oblu.io
 
A MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATION
A MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATIONA MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATION
A MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATIONijbbjournal
 
Human action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptor
Human action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptorHuman action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptor
Human action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptorSoma Boubou
 
Scanning 3 d full human bodies using kinects
Scanning 3 d full human bodies using kinectsScanning 3 d full human bodies using kinects
Scanning 3 d full human bodies using kinectsFensa Saj
 
Stereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud data
Stereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud dataStereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud data
Stereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud dataTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
 
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET  COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET  COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...sipij
 
Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...
Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...
Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...IOSR Journals
 
IRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median Filter
IRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median FilterIRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median Filter
IRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median FilterIRJET Journal
 

Mais procurados (19)

Multiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo Matching
Multiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo MatchingMultiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo Matching
Multiple Ant Colony Optimizations for Stereo Matching
 
A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...
A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...
A comprehensive study of different image super resolution reconstruction algo...
 
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...
 
Multiexposure Image Fusion
Multiexposure Image FusionMultiexposure Image Fusion
Multiexposure Image Fusion
 
D0361034037
D0361034037D0361034037
D0361034037
 
Enhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imagery
Enhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imageryEnhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imagery
Enhanced target tracking based on mean shift algorithm for satellite imagery
 
Lec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization Problem
Lec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization ProblemLec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization Problem
Lec10: Medical Image Segmentation as an Energy Minimization Problem
 
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features
 
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption
 
Application of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip lines
Application of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip linesApplication of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip lines
Application of particle swarm optimization to microwave tapered microstrip lines
 
Image segmentation methods for brain mri images
Image segmentation methods for brain mri imagesImage segmentation methods for brain mri images
Image segmentation methods for brain mri images
 
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !
 
A MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATION
A MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATIONA MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATION
A MORPHOLOGICAL MULTIPHASE ACTIVE CONTOUR FOR VASCULAR SEGMENTATION
 
Human action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptor
Human action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptorHuman action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptor
Human action recognition with kinect using a joint motion descriptor
 
Scanning 3 d full human bodies using kinects
Scanning 3 d full human bodies using kinectsScanning 3 d full human bodies using kinects
Scanning 3 d full human bodies using kinects
 
Stereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud data
Stereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud dataStereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud data
Stereo vision-based obstacle avoidance module on 3D point cloud data
 
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET  COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET  COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST POINTS OF CURVELET COEFFICIENTS CONTRIBUTIONS OF MICROS...
 
Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...
Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...
Enhanced Algorithm for Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Using a Hybrid of Pla...
 
IRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median Filter
IRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median FilterIRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median Filter
IRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median Filter
 

Destaque

Rough riders notes
Rough riders notesRough riders notes
Rough riders notesAZafar02
 
Golf Course Architects
Golf Course Architects Golf Course Architects
Golf Course Architects golfdesign52
 
Double google-shopping-sales-in-1-hour
Double google-shopping-sales-in-1-hourDouble google-shopping-sales-in-1-hour
Double google-shopping-sales-in-1-hourWaleed Bhutta
 
общие сведения
общие сведенияобщие сведения
общие сведенияpolyansky
 
Letter of Recommendation
Letter of RecommendationLetter of Recommendation
Letter of RecommendationPatrick Erhard
 
Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]
Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]
Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]Zaid Ahmad
 
Exercise unit 1 hum3032
Exercise unit 1 hum3032Exercise unit 1 hum3032
Exercise unit 1 hum3032MARA
 
Resume_Harry_Young_012716
Resume_Harry_Young_012716Resume_Harry_Young_012716
Resume_Harry_Young_012716Harry Young
 
Preuve2015
Preuve2015Preuve2015
Preuve2015gautrais
 
Actividad integradora 3
Actividad integradora 3 Actividad integradora 3
Actividad integradora 3 LuisChiOjeda1
 
Better prime counting formula I
Better prime counting formula IBetter prime counting formula I
Better prime counting formula IChris De Corte
 

Destaque (17)

Rough riders notes
Rough riders notesRough riders notes
Rough riders notes
 
Morocco
MoroccoMorocco
Morocco
 
Golf Course Architects
Golf Course Architects Golf Course Architects
Golf Course Architects
 
coverletter
coverlettercoverletter
coverletter
 
Guía de desarrollos preclínicos
Guía de desarrollos preclínicosGuía de desarrollos preclínicos
Guía de desarrollos preclínicos
 
Double google-shopping-sales-in-1-hour
Double google-shopping-sales-in-1-hourDouble google-shopping-sales-in-1-hour
Double google-shopping-sales-in-1-hour
 
общие сведения
общие сведенияобщие сведения
общие сведения
 
Letter of Recommendation
Letter of RecommendationLetter of Recommendation
Letter of Recommendation
 
Exposicion ingles OUTCOME II
Exposicion ingles OUTCOME IIExposicion ingles OUTCOME II
Exposicion ingles OUTCOME II
 
Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]
Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]
Unveiling The Gnosis of The Quranic Oaths for The Prophet (SAW) - [Urdu]
 
Exercise unit 1 hum3032
Exercise unit 1 hum3032Exercise unit 1 hum3032
Exercise unit 1 hum3032
 
Resume_Harry_Young_012716
Resume_Harry_Young_012716Resume_Harry_Young_012716
Resume_Harry_Young_012716
 
Pintura Aislante Termica
Pintura Aislante Termica
Pintura Aislante Termica
Pintura Aislante Termica
 
Preuve2015
Preuve2015Preuve2015
Preuve2015
 
Actividad integradora 3
Actividad integradora 3 Actividad integradora 3
Actividad integradora 3
 
Better prime counting formula I
Better prime counting formula IBetter prime counting formula I
Better prime counting formula I
 
Artículos de actualización bpm
Artículos de actualización bpmArtículos de actualización bpm
Artículos de actualización bpm
 

Semelhante a Expert system of single magnetic lens using JESS in Focused Ion Beam

Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...
Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...
Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...ijsc
 
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...ijsc
 
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...ijsc
 
solar cell polarization independ
solar cell polarization independsolar cell polarization independ
solar cell polarization independxingangahu
 
Radiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna loaded two annular
Radiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna  loaded two annularRadiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna  loaded two annular
Radiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna loaded two annularwailGodaymi1
 
Two Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under Illumination
Two Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under IlluminationTwo Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under Illumination
Two Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under IlluminationVLSICS Design
 
Satellite Imaging System
Satellite Imaging SystemSatellite Imaging System
Satellite Imaging SystemCSCJournals
 
Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...
Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...
Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...IRJET Journal
 
A Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather Events
A Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather EventsA Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather Events
A Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather EventsIJERA Editor
 
Improvement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnects
Improvement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnectsImprovement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnects
Improvement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnectsIJECEIAES
 
An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...
An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...
An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...IJECEIAES
 
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials IJECEIAES
 
Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...
Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...
Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...Oyeniyi Samuel
 
TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATION
TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATIONTWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATION
TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATIONVLSICS Design
 
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING ijp2p
 
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING ijp2p
 
Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...
Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...
Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...IJECEIAES
 
Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...
Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...
Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...Prof Dr techn Murthy Chavali Yadav
 
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...ijcsa
 

Semelhante a Expert system of single magnetic lens using JESS in Focused Ion Beam (20)

Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...
Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...
Inversion of Magnetic Anomalies Due to 2-D Cylindrical Structures – By an Art...
 
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
 
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
INVERSIONOF MAGNETIC ANOMALIES DUE TO 2-D CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES –BY AN ARTIF...
 
solar cell polarization independ
solar cell polarization independsolar cell polarization independ
solar cell polarization independ
 
synopsis_divyesh
synopsis_divyeshsynopsis_divyesh
synopsis_divyesh
 
Radiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna loaded two annular
Radiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna  loaded two annularRadiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna  loaded two annular
Radiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna loaded two annular
 
Two Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under Illumination
Two Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under IlluminationTwo Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under Illumination
Two Dimensional Modeling of Nonuniformly Doped MESFET Under Illumination
 
Satellite Imaging System
Satellite Imaging SystemSatellite Imaging System
Satellite Imaging System
 
Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...
Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...
Aspects Regarding the Elastic Properties of Silicon and Its Influence on the ...
 
A Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather Events
A Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather EventsA Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather Events
A Novel Approach to Analyze Satellite Images for Severe Weather Events
 
Improvement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnects
Improvement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnectsImprovement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnects
Improvement of misalignment tolerance in free-space optical interconnects
 
An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...
An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...
An enhanced fletcher-reeves-like conjugate gradient methods for image restora...
 
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials
 
Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...
Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...
Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected...
 
TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATION
TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATIONTWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATION
TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF NONUNIFORMLY DOPED MESFET UNDER ILLUMINATION
 
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
 
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
AN ADAPTIVE MESH METHOD FOR OBJECT TRACKING
 
Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...
Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...
Crosstalk in misaligned free space optical interconnects: modelling and simul...
 
Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...
Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...
Sub-windowed laser speckle image velocimetry by fast fourier transform techni...
 
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...
 

Último

Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfAijun Zhang
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?SANGHEE SHIN
 
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdfJamie (Taka) Wang
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8DianaGray10
 
GenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation Inc
GenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation IncGenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation Inc
GenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation IncObject Automation
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UbiTrack UK
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxMatsuo Lab
 
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfAnna Loughnan Colquhoun
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Will Schroeder
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024D Cloud Solutions
 
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.francesco barbera
 
Things you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your SalesforceThings you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your SalesforceMartin Humpolec
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfDaniel Santiago Silva Capera
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLRuncy Oommen
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxGDSC PJATK
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 

Último (20)

Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
 
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf20200723_insight_release_plan_v6.pdf
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
 
GenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation Inc
GenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation IncGenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation Inc
GenAI and AI GCC State of AI_Object Automation Inc
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
 
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
 
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
Digital magic. A small project for controlling smart light bulbs.
 
Things you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your SalesforceThings you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
Things you didn't know you can use in your Salesforce
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 

Expert system of single magnetic lens using JESS in Focused Ion Beam

  • 1. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 Expert system of single magnetic lens using JESS in Focused Ion Beam Fadhil A. Ali Oklahoma State University –Electrical and Computer Engineering Department 39 S. University place Apt.11, Stillwater ,OK 74075, 405-714-1084 ABSTRACT This work shows expert system of symmetrical single magnetic lens used in focused ion beam optical system. Java expert system shell(JESS) programming is proposed to build the intelligent agent "MOPTION"for getting an optimum magnetic flux density , and calculate the ion optical trajectory. The combination of such rule based engine and SIMION 8.1 has configured the reconstruction process and compiled the data retrieved by the proposed expert system agent to implement the pole-pieces reconstruction for lens design. The pole pieces reconstruction has been resulted in 3D graph , and under the infinite magnification conditions of the optical path, aberration (spherical / chromatic and total) disks diameters have been obtained and got the values (0.03,0.13 and 0.133) micron (µm) respectively. Keywords Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Magnetic Lens, Focused Ion Beam 1. INTRODUCTION A magnetic lens is a device for the focusing or deflection of moving charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by use of the magnetic Lorentz force. In electron/ion optics a projector lenses, are often used the symmetrical design, which it has the air gap at the centre of the lens. Here, owing to the mirror symmetry of the magnetic field about the mid-plane of the lens, only one half of the lens need be considered [1]. In majority of symmetrical magnetic lenses, the axial field B(z) is bell-shaped in distribution. Grivet and Lenz are considered model takes the form [2] ; ( ) ( ⁄ ) ....................................... (1) where ,b = 0.7593 a ; a - is the half width of the "bell" at one half of its maximum height. Munro has introduced design and optimization of magnetic lenses and deflection systems for electron beams, his approach was based on the physical superimposed bothmagnetic lens and deflection fields. Which is produced a total aberration disk of 0.45µm before dynamic corrections and 0.15µm after dynamic corrections [3]. DOI:10.5121/ijcsa.2013.3601 1
  • 2. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 AlsoSzilagyi, and Ahmad et al have introduced the dynamic programming approach, that gets a computer aided design of an electrostatic FIB system consisting of three electrostatic lenses approximated by the Spline lens model[4,5]. Steve C. Johnston et al are presented and described a novel method of determining potentially successful starting designs by utilizing an expert systems algorithm which operates on a database of previously well-designed optical systems. The database is composed of systems created by a `not-so-local' optimization algorithm, and a collection of previously well-designed systems[6]. More recently Ali has introduced an expert system to design two electrostatic lenses column by mixing dynamic programming and AI techniques [7].Regina Holčáková and Martin Marek have shown the simulation of magnetic field distribution of some types of magnetic lenses in software Ansys with the employment of results of magnetic measurements [8]. In this paper the programming method is developed and applied to a single symmetrical magnetic lens with non permeability by building agent called "Magnetic Optimization for Ions" MOPTION of the rule-based system by using Java Expert System Shell (JESS 7). The typical recursive formulation and optimization procedure is adopted in the present programming procedure has the following formula [9]: ( ) ( ) ( ) …………… (2) where n is an integer denoting the stage of the problem, s is an integer denoting the state of the system at n, s' is an integer denoting the state of the system at stage n-1 resulting from the decision x, x is the decision being evaluated at stage n , R(n,s,x) is the immediate return associated with making decision x at stage n when the state of the system is s , F*n-1(s') is the return associated with an optimal sequence of the decision at stage n-1 when the state is s' and g is the minimal function. Therefore, the Rete algorithm [10] has build on imposing the optical properties (the relative spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients) of the magnetic lens into the recursion formula , equation (2). Those properties are characterized by a dimensionless parameter (k2d2), where k2 is an expression represented in the paraxial ray equation of the optical ion trajectory , equation (3), and d2 is the square of the field half-width, in which is determined by the shape of the pole pieces and by the degree of saturation [11]. ( ) ( ) ………………................… (3) where ; r(z), r"(z) is the transformation of the ray coordinates by an ion optical system in z- axis and its second derivative , respectively. And k2= [q Bz2/ 8 m V], where Bz - is the axial component of the magnetic flux density , q- is the electric charge ,V-is the accelerating voltage and m is the mass of ions accelerated through a magnetic field. The axial flux density distribution was optimized as Grivet-Lenz model for magnetic lenses, which it can be used for the description of unsaturated lenses[12]. 2. Intelligent Agent (MOPTION) and Algorithm Taking into account the above considerations, the proposed implementation consists of embedding an instance of the Jess engine inside a recursion formula , equation(1). Since the agent to be able to continuously reason, a cyclic code have to implement action will consist of running the Jess rule based engine. However, we will be careful not to block other agent's behaviors for a 2
  • 3. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 considerable amount of time, and the facts are the data stored in our knowledge base that stimulate execution via the inference engine. This engine decides which rules should be executed and when. Therefore, the present expert system agent automatically performs the magnetic field calculations as in figure(1) ,and depending to the stored data knowledgebase for both two factors:    The facts of the function to be optimize (magnetic flux density, ion beam trajectories). The rules of Linear Recursive Queries in Deductive Databases procedure solutions [13], which obey the constraints (permeability = 0 and symmetrical dimensions). Figure1 shows the magnetic optimization for ions (MOPTION) agent scheme and its functionalities. Figure 2Shows the algorithm of the present work for optimum the magnetic lens 3
  • 4. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 3. Magnetic Lens Design Let B(z) be the axial flux-density distribution for the lens thatdesigned using the JESS algorithm shown in Figure (1) & (2). It has a value shown in the equation(4); ( ) ( ) ( ) ................................(4) Since Grivet-Lenz model has been proposed in this work, which is given the magnetic flux density as[14]: ( ) ( ) ( ) ................................. (5) where; B(z)max is the maximum flux density in the optical path (z), and (a) is a constant. Observing that equation (4) and (5) have the same mathematical expression if the constant a=2. Figure (3) are shown the optimum flux density distribution with its first derivative and its optimum formula respectively. The maximum value for the axial flux density distributionBmax was taken equal to (6.0) mTesla in the programming calculations. Figure 3 shows the optimum axial magnetic flux density distribution B(z) with its first derivative for the given magnetic lens obtained by Jess 4. Discussions and Implementation The expert system was resulted two main goals after finding the optimum magnetic lens. These endeavors are summarized this approach in many applications, and proceeds to obtain more. 4
  • 5. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 4. A- Trajectories Assigning The ion beam trajectories were obtained in Focused Ion Beam system under infinite magnification condition[15]. Figure (4) shows the trajectory along the relative optical axis for the optimized magnetic field is obtained values the relative spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs/fo and Cc/forespectively [2], as described in Table (1). Also figure (5) is shown a function of the dimensionless parameter k2d2 related to the half-width d for the optimized magnetic field vs. relative aberration coefficients. Figure 4shows the ion beam trajectories of magnetic lens under infinite magnification condition (for a constant length L=20 mm) Table (1) the relative spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the optimized magnetic lens and the dimensionless parameter k2d2 5
  • 6. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 Figure 5 shows the relative spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the optimized magnetic lens related to the dimensionless parameter k2d2 4. B- Pole Pieces Reconstruction The present approach of a single lens design for the optimum magnetic lens, has built the pole pieces reconstruction , which taken the same procedure by using JESS and SIMION Simulator 8.1. The following figures (6) and (7) are shown the profiles of the pole pieces of the optimized magnetic field with µ (permeability) = 0 and NI = 96ampere-turns in two and three dimensions respectively Figure 6.Shows the two dimension profile of a pole piece for a present magnetic lens 6
  • 7. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 Figure 7(a) three dimensions graph of the pole piece of a magnetic lens (µ=0). (b) The optimized pole piece profile of magnetic lens obtained by SIMION 8.1 To make comparison of the present optimum magnetic lens i.e. magnetic lens (1),with a standard Glaser's model [2] "magnetic lens (2)" as described in figure (8), that shows the axial magnetic flux density distribution B(z) with its first derivative for both lenses. Figure 7 Shows magnetic flux density distributions B(z) with its first derivatives for both magnetic lens (1) & (2). 7
  • 8. International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 5. Conclusion The present computer aided design expert system used JESS represented by Rete Algorithm has clearly shown that proposed agent is fitted optimized results of a single symmetric magnetic lens. Besides, SIMION 8.1 is used for building the pole pieces reconstruction and resulted 3D graphs to give the most common standards of both magnetic flux density distribution of ion beam energy spread like in electron beam energy spread [16]. Which is shown the distance in the air gap of the lens and its dimensions. As well as the aberration discs diameters (ds –spherical aberration disc diameter, dc – chromatic aberration disc diameter and dt– total aberration disc diameter) are shown values in micro scale (µm) under the infinite magnification condition (0.03,0.13 and 0.133) respectively. For the future work, an optimization method will be recommend to get a formula depending on the magnetic permeability µ in ferromagnetic materials as a function of the optical axis. 6. Acknowledgement I would like to thank OSU – School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department for hosting me as visitor scholar. 7. References [1] MULVEY, The magnetic circuit in electron microscope lenses, Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B,vol.66 ,Number 6,p.441-447,1953 [2] P.Grivet, Electron Optics ( 2nd.ed.) ,Pergamon Press,1972 [3] E. Munro, design and optimization of magnetic lenses and deflection systems for electron beams, J.Vac.Sci.Technol.,12,No.6,p.1146-1150,1975 [4] M. Szilagyi, Electron optical synthesis and optimization, Proc. IEEE, 73,p.412-418,1985 [5] A.K. Ahmad, M.J. Sabah and Ahmed A. Al-Tabbakh, Computer aided design of an electrostatic FIB system, Indian J. Phys. ,76B,p.711-714,2002 [6] Steve C. Johnston, Alan W. Greynolds , David Y. Wang, Donald C. Dilworth, Combination of globaloptimization and expert-systems techniques in optical design, Proc. SPIE 1780,p. 192-196,1993 [7] F.A. Ali, Expert system Design of Two Electrostatic Lenses Column by Mixing Dynamic Programming and AI Techniques, International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology, vol. 2,p. 5,2010 [8] R. Holčáková and M. Marek, Innovative Research in Electron Microscopes, Analysis of Magnetic Field Distribution of Some Types of Magnetic Lenses by FEM, 10th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC) , p.1-4,2011 [9] M. Szilagyi, Electron and Ion Optics, Plenum Press,1988 [10] Charles L. Forgy , Rete : A Fast Algorithm for the Many Pattern/ Many Object Pattern Match Problem, Artificial Intelligence, vol.19,p.17-37,1982 [11] P.W. Hawkes and E. Kasper, Principle of Electron Optics, Academic press ,vol.1,1989 [12] P.W. Hawkes and E. Kasper, Principle of Electron Optics, Academic press ,vol.3,1996 [13]Cheong Youn and Hyoung-Joo Kim, Classification and Compilation of Linear Recursive Queries in Deductive Databases, IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,vol.4 No.1,1992 [14] H. Ohiwa, Design of electron-beam scanning systems using the moving objective lens, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. vol.15(3),p.849-851,1978 [15] Wasan J. Kadhem, Hassan N. Al-Obaid, An inverse design approach for magnetic lenses operated under infinite magnification condition, Optik , vol.124,p.3523– 3526,2013 [16] Eric Munro, John Rouse, Haoning Liu, and Victor Katsap, Computing the Effects of Discrete Coulomb Interaction in Triode Gun with Magnetic Lens, IEEE Thirteenth International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC),p.381-382,2012 8