Introduction to Skia. A Modern 2D Graphics Library (ELCE 2014)
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By Eduardo Lima. While user experiences are increasingly moving to 3D, rendering of 2D content remains at the core of how we interact with computer applications today. Skia is an open-source project maintained by Google whose goal is to bring the best 2D graphics library to a variety of targets, from mobile to desktop and embedded. Skia is used in highly popular projects like Mozilla Firefox, the Chromium browser and Android. This talk will introduce Skia to developers and users, giving an overview of its design, architecture and features. It will also discuss briefly how hardware acceleration improves performance of Skia in the context of new devices, form-factors and the industry shift to mobile; with focus set on Linux and Android platforms.
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Introduction to Skia. A Modern 2D Graphics Library (ELCE 2014)
- 1. Introduction to A modern 2D graphics library Eduardo Lima Mitev elima@igalia.com October 14th, 2014
- 3. What is Skia? A library for drawing 2D Text, Geometries and Images
- 4. What is Skia? Focus on accurate, high quality and high performance rendering
- 5. What is Skia? Cross-platform: Linux, Android, ChromeOS, Mac, Windows, ... and hardware architectures too: x86, x86_64, ARMv7, AArch64, MIPS, ...
- 6. What is Skia? Open source, licensed under the New BSD free software license
- 7. Skia in a typical software stack Figure 1. Skia in the software stack
- 8. History Originally developed by Skia, Inc, acquired by Google in 2005, then released as open source
- 9. History Sponsored and managed by Google ever since
- 10. Similar projects Cairo, QPainter (Qt), Direct2D, Cocoa Drawing
- 11. Why should I care? Lets hold on this one for a while...
- 12. Who uses Skia?
- 13. Who uses Skia? Android Chromium Chrome Firefox Firefox OS
- 14. Who uses Skia? Combined user-base could be above 1.5 billion
- 15. How Skia works?
- 16. How Skia works? (Figure 2. High level architecture)
- 17. Skia backends ● Raster ● OpenGL (ES) ● PDF ● XPS ● Picture
- 18. API overview
- 19. API overview SkCanvas: main drawing API (drawRect, drawText, drawLine, drawPath, etc)
- 20. API overview SkPaint: encapsulates styling of draw calls (color, path style, blending mode, font, etc)
- 21. API overview SkDevice: abstracts the backend (SkBitmapDevice, SkGpuDevice, SkPDFDevice, etc)
- 22. API overview SkPicture, SkPicturePlayback: records and replay draw operations
- 23. Main features
- 24. Main features Linear transforms and perspective (3x3 matrices)
- 25. Main features Shaders, xfermodes, mask filters, path effects
- 26. Main features Antialiasing, transparency, filters
- 27. Main features Deferred drawing (SkDeferredCanvas, SkPicture)
- 28. Main features Subpixel text rendering
- 29. Ganesh: the OpenGL(ES) backend
- 30. Ganesh: the OpenGL(ES) backend Backend where most of the work is currently focused
- 31. Ganesh: the OpenGL(ES) backend Accelerates 2D Canvas in Chromium/Chrome and Firefox
- 32. Ganesh: the OpenGL(ES) backend Expected to accelerate full web content rendering in the future
- 33. Ganesh: the OpenGL(ES) backend Some features: ● Accelerate and combine effects with on-demand shaders ● Batching and merging of draw operations ● Geometry shaders ● Accelerated path rendering if available (NV_path_rendering)
- 34. Performance
- 35. Performance Great tools available: ● Benchmarks in Skia repository under /bench ● Skia-telemetry ● skiaperf.com ● Chromium/Chrome’s about:tracing can also help
- 36. Performance Lack of public benchmarks against similar libraries
- 37. The future of Skia
- 38. Roadmap Backend work: ● Enhance PDF for Android and Chrome ● Many GPU backend changes
- 39. Roadmap Platform support: ● C++11 enablement ● GLSL ES 3.0
- 40. Roadmap APIs and New Features: ● Shareable pictures across process boundaries ● sRGB support, in partnership with Chrome
- 41. Roadmap Dev and Test Infrastructure: ● New correctness testing framework ● More frequent recapturing of web archives for buildbot and cluster telemetry testing
- 43. Contributing to Skia Three well defined roles: developer, contributor, committer
- 44. Contributing to Skia Report bugs to the issue tracker
- 45. Contributing to Skia Test: try Skia in your platform/hardware. Feed back!
- 46. Contributing to Skia Contribute code: fix bugs, implement features in the roadmap beginners, look for issues tagged GoodFirstBug
- 47. Contributing to Skia Benchmark: compare Skia perf against other libraries in your platform/hardware; publish results!
- 48. For references and more info: https://sites.google.com/site/skiadocs/
- 49. Thank you! Q & A