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Feeding the World Sustainably: Reflections, Issues, and Suggestions,[object Object],Ismail Serageldin,[object Object],2nd Malthus Lecture,[object Object],IFPRI – Washington, DC,[object Object],14 July 2011,[object Object]
Outline,[object Object],Challenging Malthus,[object Object],On Hunger ,[object Object],On Hunger And Poverty,[object Object],Food Security,[object Object],The Gender Dimension,[object Object],The Environmental Dimension,[object Object],The Role Of science,[object Object],The Power Of Policy,[object Object],Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Envoi,[object Object]
Challenging Malthus,[object Object]
Challenging Malthus,[object Object],Malthus was wrong,[object Object],He could never have imagined a world with 6.7 billion people,[object Object],Human ingenuity was able to provide more food out of the same resources,[object Object],Hunger and famine persist for other reasons,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
In USA Today: 20 % Of Children and 65% Of Adults  Are Obese,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Abolitionists,[object Object],William Wilberforce,[object Object],d. 1833,[object Object]
Abolishing Slavery,[object Object],Abraham Lincoln                    Frederick Douglas,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
We Must Abolish Hunger!,[object Object]
We must becomeThe New Abolitionists!,[object Object]
So far, we could abolish hunger…But… Things can change…,[object Object]
World Population, in Billions 1950-2050,[object Object],Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects, The 2008 Revision.,[object Object]
Malthus Strikes Back!,[object Object],Malthus was wrong up to now,[object Object],What about a world of 10 Billion, with richer diets and increasing animal proteins?,[object Object],What about our energy policies and climate change?,[object Object]
On Hunger,[object Object]
We take abundant food for granted,[object Object]
BUTAbout One Billion persons are chronically malnourished!,[object Object]
http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/es/Hunger_Portal/Hunger_Map_2010b.pdf,[object Object]
Sub-Saharan Africa Remains most vulnerable region,[object Object]
After prolonged drought, Again, Today, Famine Stalks Millions in East Africa(Source: The Economist July 9, 2011, p.35,[object Object]
Humanitarian Food Aid will continue to be needed in hotspots and must be provided for,[object Object]
Trends in world hunger, 2010,[object Object]
Global Hunger Index, 2010,[object Object],Three equally weighted indicators constitute the GHI:,[object Object],Undernourishedas % of the population (reflecting the share of the population with insufficient dietary energy intake),[object Object],Underweight as % of Children < 5 years old (indicating the proportion of children suffering from low weight for their age),[object Object],Mortality rate of Children < 5 years old(partially reflecting the fatal synergy between inadequate dietary intake and unhealthy environments),[object Object]
Global Hunger Index, 2010,[object Object],>  5.0   		Low hunger,[object Object],5.0 - 9.9		Moderate hunger,[object Object],10.0  - 19.9  	Serious,[object Object],20.0 - 29.9       	Alarming,[object Object],≥ 30.0              	Extremely alarming,[object Object],The index ranks countries on a 100-point scale, with 0 being the best score (no hunger) and 100 being the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice.,[object Object]
GNP per Capita and Global Hunger Index, 2010,[object Object],SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA,[object Object],45,[object Object],,[object Object],Comoros,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Madagascar,[object Object],Central African Rep.,[object Object],Congo, Dem. Rep.,[object Object],40,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Niger,[object Object],,[object Object],Burundi,[object Object],,[object Object],Zambia,[object Object],Eritrea,[object Object],35,[object Object],Eritrea,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Mozambique,[object Object],Ethiopia,[object Object],,[object Object],Rwanda,[object Object],Guinea-Bissau,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Chad,[object Object],30,[object Object],,[object Object],Togo,[object Object],,[object Object],Sierra Leone,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Burkina Faso,[object Object],,[object Object],Angola,[object Object],,[object Object],Tanzania,[object Object],25,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],2010 GHI,[object Object],Kenya,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Djibouti,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Mali,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],20,[object Object],,[object Object],Malawi,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Gambia,[object Object],,[object Object],Nigeria,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Cameroon,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Guinea,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Congo, Rep.,[object Object],Benin,[object Object],,[object Object],15,[object Object],,[object Object],Senegal,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Namibia,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Botswana,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Mauritania,[object Object],Lesotho,[object Object],Uganda,[object Object],,[object Object],South Africa,[object Object],Swaziland,[object Object],,[object Object],10,[object Object],,[object Object],Cote d’Ivoire,[object Object],Ghana,[object Object],Mauritius,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Gabon,[object Object],5,[object Object],2,000,[object Object],4,000,[object Object],6,000,[object Object],8,000,[object Object],10,000,[object Object],12,000,[object Object],14,000,[object Object],16,000,[object Object],18,000,[object Object],20,000,[object Object],GNP per Capita, 2005-07,[object Object]
 GNP per Capita and Global Hunger Index, 2010,[object Object],MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA,[object Object],45,[object Object],40,[object Object],35,[object Object],30,[object Object],,[object Object],Yemen,[object Object],25,[object Object],2010 GHI,[object Object],20,[object Object],15,[object Object],10,[object Object],Morocco,[object Object],Iran, Islamic Republic,[object Object],,[object Object],5,[object Object],,[object Object],Egypt,[object Object],Syrian Arab. Rep.,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Libya,[object Object],,[object Object],Algeria,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Saudi Arabia,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Jordan,[object Object],Tunisia,[object Object],Lebanon,[object Object],Turkey,[object Object],2,000,[object Object],4,000,[object Object],6,000,[object Object],8,000,[object Object],10,000,[object Object],12,000,[object Object],14,000,[object Object],16,000,[object Object],18,000,[object Object],20,000,[object Object],GNP per Capita, 2005-07,[object Object]
Global Hunger Index, 2010,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
33,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Kevin Carter’s Pulitzer Prize winning photo 1994,[object Object]
Kevin Carter(1960 - 1994),[object Object]
On Hunger And  Poverty,[object Object]
The Primary Cause Of Hunger Is Extreme Poverty,[object Object]
AmartyaSenon Famines,[object Object]
Norman Borlaug,[object Object],(1914 – 2009),[object Object]
Food whether you buy it or grow it yourself,[object Object]
Observation: Many rural poor continue to pay for their food needs,[object Object],Sellers,[object Object],Self-Sufficient,[object Object],Buyers,[object Object],Source: cited in http://www.ifad.org/rural/rpr2010/background/9.pdf,[object Object]
So we have to reduce the price f food, by increasing production sustainably, reducing waste, and ensuring access,[object Object]
What about the poor small-holder farmers who are major producers of food?  They will become even poorer…,[object Object]
Raise productivity for small-holder farmers faster than the prices drop,[object Object],Rice,[object Object], production,[object Object],Rice,[object Object],price,[object Object],Source: Production: FAOSTAT Electronic Database, FAO.10June2003,[object Object],Rice Price: Relate to Thai rice 5%-broken deflated by G-5 MUV Index deflator (adjusted based on 2002 data update),[object Object],Source: World Bank Quarterly Review of Commodity Markets,[object Object],Trends in world rice production and price adjusted for inflation, 1961-2002,[object Object]
Raiseproductivity of small-holderfarmersfasterthan the price of food drops,[object Object],Rice,[object Object], production,[object Object],Rice,[object Object],price,[object Object],Source: Production: FAOSTAT Electronic Database, FAO.10June2003,[object Object],Rice Price: Relate to Thai rice 5%-broken deflated by G-5 MUV Index deflator (adjusted based on 2002 data update),[object Object],Source: World Bank Quarterly Review of Commodity Markets,[object Object],World rice production and pricesadjusted for inflation, 1961-2002,[object Object]
Food security is to ensure for each individual, at all times, access to the food they need in enough quantity and quality, produced in a sustainable manner.,[object Object]
An Enormous Gap Exists Between the Rich and the Poor…,[object Object]
51,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Rich and Poor in Sao Paulosource: http://mindblog.dericbownds.net/2007/10/rich-and-poor.html,[object Object]
It is not just the absence of income that defines poverty,[object Object]
It is marginalization, deprivation and social exclusion,[object Object]
Loss of dignity,[object Object]
Social Exclusion,[object Object]
Rural and Urban Poverty in Developing ,[object Object],Countries,[object Object],Rural poor,[object Object],70.0%,[object Object],Urban poor,[object Object],30.0%,[object Object],Source:  IFPRI estimate from World Bank data.,[object Object]
The Ultra Poor require special help,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Much Economic Analysis Erases the Human Factor,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Thoughtful use of multiple indicators for analysis will lead to richer and more nuanced policy and program design,[object Object]
MPAT:Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (Developed by IFAD),[object Object]
MPAT,[object Object],1 Food & Nutrition  	1.1Security Consumption,[object Object],	1.2 Access stability,[object Object],	1.3 Nutrition quality,[object Object],10 Gender & Social Equality 	10.1 Access to education,[object Object],	10.2 Access to healthcare,[object Object],	10.3 Social equality,[object Object],2. Domestic Water Supply	2.1 Quality,[object Object],	2.2 Availability,[object Object],	2.3 Access,[object Object],9 Exposure & Resilience to Shocks,[object Object],	9.1 Exposure,[object Object],	9.2 Coping ability,[object Object],	9.3 Recovery ability,[object Object],3. Health & Healthcare,[object Object],	3.1 Health status,[object Object],	3.2 Access & affordability,[object Object],	3.3 Healthcare quality,[object Object],MPAT,[object Object],8 Non-Farm Assets,[object Object],	8.1 Employment & skills,[object Object],	8.2 Financial services,[object Object],	8.3 Fixed assets & remittances,[object Object],4. Sanitation & Hygiene,[object Object],	4.1Toilet facility,[object Object],	4.2Waste management,[object Object],	4.3 Hygiene practices,[object Object],7 Farm Assets,[object Object],	7.1 Land tenure,[object Object],	7.2 Land quality,[object Object],	7.3 Crop inputs,[object Object],	7.4 Livestock/aquaculture,[object Object],5 Housing, Clothing & Energy,[object Object],	5.1 Housing structure  quality,[object Object],	5.2 Clothing ,[object Object],	5.3 Energy sources,[object Object],6 Education,[object Object],	6.1 Quality,[object Object],	6.2 Availability,[object Object],	6.3 Access,[object Object],Organizational diagram of MPAT's components and subcomponents ,[object Object]
Urban poverty,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Reaching the Poorest,[object Object],Garbage pickers in the Philippines,[object Object]
Urban Poverty,[object Object]
Three Key strategies to cope with Urban Poverty and Hunger,[object Object],Reduce the price of food,[object Object],Increase the opportunities for employment of the poor,[object Object],Increase the returns to the kind of skills and assets that the poor have,[object Object]
The Urban Poor mostly buy their food,[object Object]
And food is a major part of their budget – Hence their wellbeing is very sensitive to the price of food,[object Object]
Three Key strategies to cope with Urban Poverty and Hunger,[object Object],Reduce the price of food,[object Object],Increase the opportunities for employment of the poor,[object Object],Increase the returns to the kind of skills and assets that the poor have,[object Object]
The poor lack the skills for the high Tech jobs the market offers, and are unlikely to get these skills quickly,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Three Key strategies to cope with Urban Poverty and Hunger,[object Object],Reduce the price of food,[object Object],Increase the opportunities for employment of the poor,[object Object],Increase the returns to the kind of skills and assets that the poor have,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Three Key strategies to cope with Urban Poverty and Hunger,[object Object],Reduce the price of food,[object Object],Increase the opportunities for employment of the poor,[object Object],Increase the returns to the kind of skills and assets that the poor have,[object Object]
Urban Agriculture on roofs and between buildings on vacant land,[object Object]
On Hunger And Rural Poverty,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Reform Policies And Markets,[object Object],Remove urban bias,[object Object],Roads,[object Object],Education,[object Object],Health,[object Object],Etc.,[object Object],Improve access to markets,[object Object],Reduce post harvest losses,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Challenges Facing Small Farms,[object Object],Globalization, including  super-markets even in poor countries.  ,[object Object],Low world market prices for agriculture. ,[object Object],Climate change. ,[object Object],HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],Continuing population growth that is making small farms smaller. ,[object Object],No political voice. ,[object Object]
Challenges Facing Small Farms,[object Object],Globalization, including  super-markets even in poor countries.  ,[object Object],Low world market prices for agriculture. ,[object Object],Climate change. ,[object Object],HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],Continuing population growth that is making small farms smaller. ,[object Object],No political voice. ,[object Object]
Challenges Facing Small Farms,[object Object],Globalization, including  super-markets even in poor countries.  ,[object Object],Low world market prices for agriculture. ,[object Object],Climate change. ,[object Object],HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],Continuing population growth that is making small farms smaller. ,[object Object],No political voice. ,[object Object]
Challenges Facing Small Farms,[object Object],Globalization, including  super-markets even in poor countries.  ,[object Object],Low world market prices for agriculture. ,[object Object],Climate change. ,[object Object],HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],Continuing population growth that is making small farms smaller. ,[object Object],No political voice. ,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Challenges Facing Small Farms,[object Object],Globalization, including  super-markets even in poor countries.  ,[object Object],Low world market prices for agriculture. ,[object Object],Climate change. ,[object Object],HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],Continuing population growth that is making small farms smaller. ,[object Object],No political voice. ,[object Object]
Challenges Facing Small Farms,[object Object],Globalization, including  super-markets even in poor countries.  ,[object Object],Low world market prices for agriculture. ,[object Object],Climate change. ,[object Object],HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],Continuing population growth that is making small farms smaller. ,[object Object],No political voice. ,[object Object]
Challenges Facing Small Farms,[object Object],Globalization, including  super-markets even in poor countries.  ,[object Object],Low world market prices for agriculture. ,[object Object],Climate change. ,[object Object],HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],Continuing population growth that is making small farms smaller. ,[object Object],No political voice. ,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object]
Food security is to ensure for each individual, at all times, access to the food they need in enough quantity and quality, produced in a sustainable manner.,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Food Security,[object Object],Not Just production, also access,[object Object],Not Just output, also process,[object Object],Not Just technology, also policy,[object Object],Not Just global, also national,[object Object],Not Just national, also household,[object Object],Not Just rural, also urban,[object Object],Not Just amount, also content,[object Object]
Understanding Food Security,[object Object]
Understanding Food Security,[object Object]
Global Food ProductionMust Grow by+40% by 2030&+70% by 2050,[object Object],Opening statement by IFAD President at the Jeddah Economic Forum 2010: “The Global Economy in 2020”  http://www.ifad.org/events/op/2010/jeddah.htm,[object Object]
Food Security and Production,[object Object],Production is a necessary but not sufficient condition for food security ,[object Object],Focusing on the small-holder farmer in developing countries is key to environmental protection, poverty reduction and food security ,[object Object]
“We are all on this earth as guests of the green plants and those who tend them.”-- M.S. Swaminathan,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The response is to produce differently, not less,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Seven Statements About Food Security,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
How to reduce prices without harming the poor farmers who produce food?,[object Object]
Raiseproductivity of small-holderfarmersfasterthan the price of food drops,[object Object],Rice,[object Object], production,[object Object],Rice,[object Object],price,[object Object],Source: Production: FAOSTAT Electronic Database, FAO.10June2003,[object Object],Rice Price: Relate to Thai rice 5%-broken deflated by G-5 MUV Index deflator (adjusted based on 2002 data update),[object Object],Source: World Bank Quarterly Review of Commodity Markets,[object Object],World rice production and pricesadjusted for inflation, 1961-2002,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
SRI has increased output dramatically, with the same inputs,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
In the poor countries, post-harvest losses reach up to 30% of the crops,[object Object]
Reduce ,[object Object],Post-Harvest Losses,[object Object]
Storage and post-harvest losses,[object Object]
In the rich countries: Up to 30% of cooked food is thrown out,[object Object]
Up to 20% of purchased food is thrown out unused, in its wrapper,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
X,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
Homeless, nameless…,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Most farmers live precariously,[object Object],Downside is devastating,[object Object],Climate change is increasing vulnerability,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Climate Variability (Change?)Index of Rainfall in Sahel 1941-1990,[object Object],Source: Departure from standard deviation; Climate Prediction Center 1991, Prrsentation by South Africa at Camdessus Panel meetings,[object Object]
Climate Variability (Change?)Index of Rainfall in Sahel 1941-1990,[object Object],Source: Departure from standard deviation; Climate Prediction Center 1991, Prrsentation by South Africa at Camdessus Panel meetings,[object Object]
Extension Must bring Research To These Farmers,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
Better Nutrition,[object Object]
White and Golden Rice,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
In addition to the first generation of biofuels (Ethanol from Corn),[object Object]
Ethanol from Corn contributes to 2008 food price spike,[object Object]
It is wrong to burn the food of the poor to drive the cars of the rich!,[object Object]
We must move to second generation biofuels,[object Object]
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
US Ag Subsidies 1994-2005,[object Object]
Cows Vs. People,[object Object],A typical cow in the European Union receives a government subsidy of $2.20 a day – ,[object Object],more than what 2.5 billion of the world's poorest people live on every day. ,[object Object],Twice what 1.2 billion of the world's poorest people live on every day. ,[object Object]
$2.20 / day             $0.90 / day,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Food Security: Seven Statements,[object Object],Increase production and productivity,[object Object],Better management,[object Object],Reduce losses, reduce waste,[object Object],Manage vulnerability (CC),[object Object],BioFortification,[object Object],BioFuels,[object Object],International Trade,[object Object]
The Gender Dimension,[object Object]
And We Must Never Forget the Gender Dimension…,[object Object]
Women In Africa,[object Object],Produce	80% of the food,[object Object],Receive 	10% of the wages,[object Object],Own	1% of the land,[object Object]
Women Empowerment,[object Object],Essential to recognize the gender dimension of agriculture,[object Object],Empowering Women results in major improvements in infant mortality, school enrolments, child morbidity,[object Object]
Women Empowerment,[object Object],Women have unequal opportunity in:,[object Object],Education,[object Object],Health care,[object Object],Income,[object Object],Credit,[object Object],Employment,[object Object],Assets,[object Object],Decision-making,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The key vector to fight infant mortality and child malnutrition is Maternal Health,[object Object]
From the sixth month of pregnancy… ,[object Object]
…To the 18th month of life…,[object Object]
The period when children are most vulnerable to hunger,[object Object]
Malnurished mothers give birth to low birth weight babiesandMalnourished children often suffer from growth retardation and weight loss,[object Object]
Breast Milk has the Best Nutritional Value,[object Object]
A Healthy Mother…,[object Object],Gives birth to a baby of normal weight.,[object Object],Breast feed her baby well.,[object Object],Will be able to find good food to wean her baby.,[object Object]
The Environmental Dimension,[object Object]
Climate Change,[object Object],The Most serious Issue Facing Humanity,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Hurricane Bonnie,[object Object]
Source: National Geographic, August, 2005 ,[object Object]
Source: National Geographic, August, 2005 ,[object Object]
Can this be just a “natural phenomenon”?,[object Object],NO!,[object Object]
GHG emissions are a key contributor,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Should we be concerned?,[object Object],YES!,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Source: The Economist – The World in 2007,[object Object]
How serious is the problem?,[object Object],VERY!,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Nile:Reaches Cairo with 12 million Tons of saltsReaches the sea with 34 million tons of salts,[object Object]
Impact on Nile Delta,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
But Also increased Floods, Droughts, Forest Fires and Desertification,[object Object]
Climate Change and Food Security:Changes in Length of growing period 2000-2005,[object Object],	Thronton, et.al., cited in Greg Mock and Paul Steele, “Power to the poor: tapping the wealth of ecosystems”, in Environment, vol 48: 1; Jan/Feb 2006, p. 15,[object Object]
We need urgent action on bothMitigation&Adaptation,[object Object]
Mitigation: Reducing Emissions,[object Object]
How will all that affect HUNGER?,[object Object]
We observe…,[object Object],Floods in Pakistan,[object Object],Droughts in Russia,[object Object],Hurricanes hitting the Caribbean and the USA,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
We observe…,[object Object],Floods in Pakistan,[object Object],Droughts in Russia,[object Object],Hurricanes hitting the Caribbean and the USA,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Droughts and Floods?,[object Object]
Yes, The Models predict that Both will co-exist,[object Object]
We observe…,[object Object],Floods in Pakistan,[object Object],Droughts in Russia,[object Object],Hurricanes hitting the Caribbean and the USA,[object Object]
Hurricanes and floods in USA,[object Object]
All these intemperate weather conditions lead to stresses on food production ,[object Object]
The Food on which we all depend,[object Object]
Drought Devastates Agriculture,[object Object]
That leads to More Hunger,[object Object]
Above all, Science must be mobilized,[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object]
From the Green Revolution to the Doubly Green Revolution,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
AREA SAVED,[object Object],India -- All Cereals,1960-1990,[object Object],Millions of Hectares,[object Object],250,[object Object],200,[object Object],150,[object Object],AREA SAVED,[object Object],100,[object Object],AREA USED,[object Object],50,[object Object],1960,[object Object],1965,[object Object],1970,[object Object],1975,[object Object],1980,[object Object],1985,[object Object],1990,[object Object],Total production: 1961: 87million tons  -- 1990 :197 million tons,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Doubly green revolution,[object Object],More genetically diverse crops,[object Object],Less chemical inputs (IPM and other means),[object Object],Integrated soil, water and nutrient management,[object Object],Small holder farming system context, environmentally and socio-economically,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Recognize The Gender Dimension,[object Object]
Promoting Alternatives to Slash and Burn,[object Object]
AlwaysPro-Poor Pro-Women Pro-Environment,[object Object]
A Double Shift in the Research Paradigm:,[object Object],-- Contextualization-- The new life sciences,[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object],Land ,[object Object],Water  ,[object Object],Plants   ,[object Object],Animals,[object Object],The Role Of Aquatic Resources,[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object],Land ,[object Object],Water  ,[object Object],Plants   ,[object Object],Animals,[object Object],The Role Of Aquatic Resources,[object Object]
Land Use Transitions,[object Object],Source: J.A. Foley, et.al., Global Consequences of Land Use, in Science, 22 July 2005, v.309, pp.570-574,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Role Of Science,[object Object],Land ,[object Object],Water  ,[object Object],Plants   ,[object Object],Animals,[object Object],The Role Of Aquatic Resources,[object Object]
Water Is Also a Constraint,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
One Calorie = One Liter,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
More Crop Per Drop!,[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object],Land ,[object Object],Water  ,[object Object],Plants   ,[object Object],Animals,[object Object],The Role Of Aquatic Resources,[object Object]
Three Themes in Rice Researchfor Increased Production,[object Object],Yield (t/ha),[object Object],Ceiling,[object Object],Current,[object Object],Source: Gurdev Khush, Lecture at BioVision Lyon 2005,[object Object]
Three Themes in Rice Researchfor Increased Production,[object Object],Yield (t/ha),[object Object],Ceiling,[object Object],Current,[object Object],A,[object Object],Raise the Yield Ceiling,[object Object],Source: Gurdev Khush, Lecture at BioVision Lyon 2005,[object Object]
Three Themes in Rice Researchfor Increased Production,[object Object],Yield (t/ha),[object Object],Ceiling,[object Object],Current,[object Object],A,[object Object],Raise the Yield Ceiling,[object Object],Source: Gurdev Khush, Lecture at BioVision Lyon 2005,[object Object]
Three Themes in Rice Researchfor Increased Production,[object Object],Yield (t/ha),[object Object],Ceiling,[object Object],Current,[object Object],A,[object Object],B,[object Object],Raise the Yield Ceiling,[object Object],Close the Yield Gap,[object Object],Source: Gurdev Khush, Lecture at BioVision Lyon 2005,[object Object]
Three Themes in Rice Researchfor Increased Production,[object Object],Yield (t/ha),[object Object],Ceiling,[object Object],Current,[object Object],A,[object Object],B,[object Object],Raise the Yield Ceiling,[object Object],Close the Yield Gap,[object Object],Source: Gurdev Khush, Lecture at BioVision Lyon 2005,[object Object]
Three Themes in Rice Researchfor Increased Production,[object Object],Yield (t/ha),[object Object],Ceiling,[object Object],Current,[object Object],A,[object Object],B,[object Object],C,[object Object],Raise the Yield Ceiling,[object Object],Close the Yield Gap,[object Object],Sustain the Current Yield,[object Object],Source: Gurdev Khush, Lecture at BioVision Lyon 2005,[object Object]
Three Themes in Rice Researchfor Increased Production,[object Object],Yield (t/ha),[object Object],Ceiling,[object Object],Current,[object Object],A,[object Object],B,[object Object],C,[object Object],Raise the Yield Ceiling,[object Object],Close the Yield Gap,[object Object],Sustain the Current Yield,[object Object],Source: Gurdev Khush, Lecture at BioVision Lyon 2005,[object Object]
Let’s take them by turn,[object Object]
Technologies for Increasing the Yield Potential,[object Object]
Different Plant Types of Rice Conventional      Improved       NPT,[object Object]
New Plant Type Rice,[object Object]
Technologies for Closing the Yield Gap,[object Object]
Biological cost of weeds, Diseases and Insects,[object Object]
Biological Control,[object Object]
IPM: Working With Nature,[object Object],Bio-control,[object Object],Pheromone trap,[object Object],Need-based chemicals,[object Object],Host-plant resistance,[object Object],Etc.,[object Object]
Reaction to Bacterial BlightResistant             Susceptible,[object Object]
Stem-Borer Larvae from Transgenic Rice (top) and Control (bottom),[object Object]
4. Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Productivity must rise faster than price declines to generate surpluses for the small-holder farmers and reduce their poverty as their cheaper products help reduce the poverty in the cities,[object Object],Measure in terms of Total Factor Productivity (land, water, labor, energy and chemical inputs),[object Object]
Technologies Needed For:,[object Object],increasing the yield potential,[object Object],closing the yield gap, including pest management,[object Object],Soil, water & nutrient management,[object Object],Labor & capital input management,[object Object],developing nutritious crops (more later),[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object],Land ,[object Object],Water  ,[object Object],Plants   ,[object Object],Animals,[object Object],The Role Of Aquatic Resources,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Increasing demand for feed,[object Object]
A Huge Increase In Feed Requirements,[object Object]
Not Just for Food,[object Object]
Conversion Into Proteins(% of Feed that is converted to Protein),[object Object],25%,[object Object],13%,[object Object],5%,[object Object],     Beef           Pork         Poultry        Fish   ,[object Object],Source: Time magazine, 18 July 2011, p. 29,[object Object]
Conversion Into Proteins(% of Feed that is converted to Protein),[object Object],30%,[object Object],25%,[object Object],13%,[object Object],5%,[object Object],     Beef           Pork         Poultry        Fish          ,[object Object],Source: Time magazine, 18 July 2011, p. 29,[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object],Land ,[object Object],Water  ,[object Object],Plants   ,[object Object],Animals,[object Object],The Role Of Aquatic Resources,[object Object]
Source: William S. Alevizon, Pisces Guide to Caribbean Reef Ecology, Gulf Publishing Company  (1994).,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Global Seafood consumption has increased dramatically, and natural fish stocks are heavily overfished,[object Object]
Global Aquaculture Production:1950 = one million tons2008 = 47.3 million tons,[object Object]
But Aquaculture is still only about 50% of consumption in 2011,[object Object]
Our Reefs Today:The Challenge and the Response,[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object],Land ,[object Object],Water  ,[object Object],Plants   ,[object Object],Animals,[object Object],The Role Of Aquatic Resources,[object Object]
The Role Of Science,[object Object],But,[object Object],What about ,[object Object],Biotechnology,[object Object],?,[object Object]
Biotechnology,[object Object],Promise and perils,[object Object],Partnerships for benign applications,[object Object],Public-private,[object Object],CGIAR-NARS-AROs-NGOs,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Global Area of Biotech Crops.Million of Hectares (1996 to 2009),[object Object],200,[object Object],,[object Object],180,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Trait Hectares,[object Object],160,[object Object],,[object Object],Total Hectares,[object Object],,[object Object],140,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Industrials,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],Developing,[object Object],120,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],100,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],80,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],60,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],40,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],20,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],,[object Object],0,[object Object],,[object Object],1996,[object Object],2009,[object Object],2008,[object Object],2007,[object Object],2006,[object Object],2005,[object Object],2004,[object Object],2003,[object Object],2002,[object Object],2001,[object Object],2000,[object Object],1999,[object Object],1998,[object Object],1997,[object Object],14 million farmers  in 25 countries planted 134 million hectares (330 million acres in 2009, a sustained increase of 7% or 9 million hectares (22 million acres) compared to 2008.,[object Object],Source: Clive James, 2009.,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Modern biotechnology,[object Object],Raises profound issues,[object Object],Despite controversy,  has enormous promise,[object Object],Can do things we cannot do by conventional breeding – e.g. Vitamin A rice,[object Object]
It is a tool, like any other.It should not be demonized nor assumed to be a miracle.,[object Object]
The Power Of Policy,[object Object]
Policy Counts,[object Object]
Sustainable development does not mean that people will live worse…,[object Object]
Let’s look at income and health,[object Object]
Life Expectancy versus Per Capita GNP Best Fit Relation by Decade,[object Object],80,[object Object],70,[object Object],60,[object Object],50,[object Object],40,[object Object],30,[object Object],20,[object Object],0,[object Object],2,[object Object],4,[object Object],6,[object Object],8,[object Object],10,[object Object],12,[object Object],14,[object Object],16,[object Object],18,[object Object],20,[object Object],1987,[object Object],1980,[object Object],1970,[object Object],1961,[object Object],1950,[object Object],Life Expectancy,[object Object],(Thousands) ,[object Object],Per Capita GNP (1980 US$),[object Object]
Life Expectancy versus Per Capita GNP Best Fit Relation by Decade,[object Object],80,[object Object],70,[object Object],60,[object Object],50,[object Object],40,[object Object],30,[object Object],20,[object Object],0,[object Object],2,[object Object],4,[object Object],6,[object Object],8,[object Object],10,[object Object],12,[object Object],14,[object Object],16,[object Object],18,[object Object],20,[object Object],1987,[object Object],1980,[object Object],1970,[object Object],1961,[object Object],1950,[object Object],Life Expectancy,[object Object],(Thousands) ,[object Object],Per Capita GNP (1980 US$),[object Object]
Life Expectancy versus Per Capita GNP Best Fit Relation by Decade,[object Object],80,[object Object],70,[object Object],60,[object Object],50,[object Object],40,[object Object],30,[object Object],20,[object Object],0,[object Object],2,[object Object],4,[object Object],6,[object Object],8,[object Object],10,[object Object],12,[object Object],14,[object Object],16,[object Object],18,[object Object],20,[object Object],1987,[object Object],1980,[object Object],1970,[object Object],1961,[object Object],1950,[object Object],Life Expectancy,[object Object],(Thousands) ,[object Object],Per Capita GNP (1980 US$),[object Object]
Life Expectancy versus Per Capita GNP Best Fit Relation by Decade,[object Object],80,[object Object],70,[object Object],60,[object Object],50,[object Object],40,[object Object],30,[object Object],20,[object Object],0,[object Object],2,[object Object],4,[object Object],6,[object Object],8,[object Object],10,[object Object],12,[object Object],14,[object Object],16,[object Object],18,[object Object],20,[object Object],1987,[object Object],1980,[object Object],1970,[object Object],1961,[object Object],1950,[object Object],Life Expectancy,[object Object],(Thousands) ,[object Object],Per Capita GNP (1980 US$),[object Object]
8X!!!,[object Object],That is to say that well conceived, well targeted policies can be the equivalent of a general increase in average incomes by 8X with laissez-faire,[object Object]
Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object]
Agriculture Is A Complex FieldSummary for Decision Makers of the Global Report, IAASTD, 2009,[object Object],Source: http://www.agassessment.org/docs/IAASTD_GLOBAL_SDM_JAN_2008.pdf,[object Object]
Managing Agriculture is a complex task:Summary for Decision Makers of the Global Report, IAASTD, 2009,[object Object]
Ten Commandments For Global Agriculture,[object Object]
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
1. Reform Policies And Markets,[object Object],Globally:  Fair trade,[object Object],Locally: ,[object Object],Remove urban bias,[object Object],Improve access to markets,[object Object],reduce post harvest losses,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
1. Reform Policies And Markets,[object Object],Globally:  Fair trade,[object Object],Locally:,[object Object],Remove urban bias (educ., health, etc.),[object Object],Improve access to markets,[object Object],reduce post harvest losses,[object Object]
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
So, dealing with global poverty requires that we address rural poverty…ANDA special focus on small-holder farmers in developing countries in particular to address the problem of food security,[object Object]
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
3. Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Agriculture is the major interface between people and nature,[object Object],Sustainable development is beneficial for all,[object Object],Resource degradation hits the poor worst,[object Object]
The Most Important Environmental Action Is to Reduce the Need for More Land Under Cultivation,[object Object]
It will preserve habitats and biodiversity,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
4. Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Productivity must rise faster than price declines to generate surpluses for the small-holder farmers and reduce their poverty as their cheaper products help reduce the poverty in the cities,[object Object],Measure in terms of Total Factor Productivity (land, water, labor, energy and chemical inputs),[object Object]
Raiseproductivity of small-holderfarmersfasterthan the price of food drops,[object Object],Rice,[object Object], production,[object Object],Rice,[object Object],price,[object Object],Source: Production: FAOSTAT Electronic Database, FAO.10June2003,[object Object],Rice Price: Relate to Thai rice 5%-broken deflated by G-5 MUV Index deflator (adjusted based on 2002 data update),[object Object],Source: World Bank Quarterly Review of Commodity Markets,[object Object],World rice production and pricesadjusted for inflation, 1961-2002,[object Object]
Less Water,[object Object],Less Land,[object Object],Less Labor,[object Object],Less Chemicals,[object Object],Increasing,[object Object],Population,[object Object],Future Challenges,[object Object],To Produce More Food,[object Object]
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
5. Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Enormous health benefits,[object Object],Bio-fortification is just the beginning ,[object Object],Edible vaccines?,[object Object]
Sweet Potatoes with and Without Beta-Carotene,[object Object],With,[object Object],Without,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Longer, More Productive Lives,[object Object]
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
6.  Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Most farmers live precariously,[object Object],Downside is devastating,[object Object],Climate change is increasing vulnerability,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
7.  Empower Women,[object Object],Essential to recognize the gender dimension of agriculture,[object Object],Empowering Women results in major improvements in infant mortality, school enrolments, child morbidity,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
8. Reach Out To The Ultra-Poor,[object Object],Market incentives do not work for the ultra-poor,[object Object],Trickle-down does not work,[object Object],Special Programs will be needed,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
9. Support Science,[object Object],We need more support for science in developing countries,[object Object],Not just technology,[object Object]
331,[object Object]
332,[object Object]
The Divide in S&T Capacity ,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
Rhetoric,[object Object],Declarations,[object Object],Plans,[object Object],Targets,[object Object],Action,[object Object]
“We have the capacity to eliminate hunger from the face of the earth in our lifetime.  ,[object Object],We need only the will.”,[object Object],President John F. Kennedy,[object Object],World Food Congress 1963,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The Ten Commandments For Transforming Global Agriculture,[object Object],Reform Policies And Markets ,[object Object],Focus On Small-holder Farmers,[object Object],Husband Natural Resources,[object Object],Raise Agricultural Productivity,[object Object],Improve Nutritional Content,[object Object],Address Short-term Vulnerability,[object Object],Empower Women,[object Object],Reach Out To The Ultra-poor,[object Object],Support Science ,[object Object],Translate Rhetoric Into Action,[object Object]
Envoi,[object Object]
All the Parts Are Essential:They Reinforce Each Other,[object Object]
The Whole Is More Than the Sum of the Parts,[object Object]
Diagnosis,[object Object],How to find the key pressure points in the system ,[object Object],How to choose interventions that will have maximum impact on these,[object Object],Must focus on raising productivity in the complex ecosystem of the small holder farm,[object Object],Must bring science and other inputs to the farmers,[object Object]
No policy or program willeverbesufficientaloneWeneed a range of interventions… Many existing policies need to be adjusted and many new programs need to be developed.,[object Object]
Several policies and programs need to be developed for:,[object Object],Agriculture,[object Object],Environment,[object Object],Social Issues,[object Object],Political Issues,[object Object],Participation,[object Object],Gender,[object Object],Urbanization,[object Object],Poverty,[object Object],Infrastructure,[object Object],Economy,[object Object],Trade,[object Object],Marketing,[object Object],Public/Private Interface,[object Object],Finance and credit,[object Object],Local, National, Régional and International Issues,[object Object],And more …,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
It can be Mastered and Solved,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
Dare to dream!Dare to be bold!,[object Object]
The specter of Malthus still haunts the world…,[object Object]
We can abolish Hunger,[object Object]
Our groupThe New Abolitionists,[object Object],Limited size, limited resources,[object Object]
The Oppositioncynics, entrenched interests & the inertia of current injustice,[object Object],Large size, unlimited resources,[object Object]
But we will surprise the World! ,[object Object]
Thank You,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin
The images used in this presentation are strictly for the educational purpose of this lecture.  Any use by anyone for any other purpose should be after consulting the copyright owners of these pictures,[object Object]
2nd Annual Malthus Lecture "Feeding the World Sustainably" by Ismail Serageldin

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