Materi presentasi Indonesia Internet Governance Forum (ID-IGF) - Jakarta, 1 November 2012. Situs: http://id-igf.or.id

1. Cyberlaw and Sovereignty
Oleh :
Dr. Edmon Makarim, S.Kom, SH, LLM

2. Outline
• Apakah substansi Cyberlaw = Internet Governance ?
– Law of Info-comm sesungguhnya lebih luas dari Internet Law
– Internet Governance adalah tata kelola pemanfaatan Internet utk
melindungi dan mengembangkan kepentingan nasional (bangsa
dan negara)
• Apa dan bagaimana “trustworthiness” terhadap Internet ..?
– Sejauhmana cybersecurity => accountability + responsibility/liability
• Apakah yang selayaknya menjadi Fokus Materi
– Hukum dalam arti luas ataukah dalam arti sempit ?
• Apakah yang menjadi “mimpi” atau cita-cita besar kita
sebagai bangsa dan negara dengan pemanfaatan Internet ?
– Melihat posisi strategis maka tampaknya kita layak menjadi Hub
atau bahkan mungkin Sentra komunikasi dan informasi dunia.

3. Source: Jovan Kurbalija, An introduction to Internet Governance, Diplo Foundation

4. Law of Information & Communication
Sistem hukum yang berlaku dalam konteks cyberspace.
ICT Law => Telematika
Cyberspace law
Cybersecurity
E-commerce
cybercrime
E-government
Sources: Cybersecurity (ITU) + Redesigning E-gov

5. Keterpaduan Paradigma ICT Law/Cyber
Law/Internet Law + Internet Governance
Cyber Law Paradigm: Internet Governance Ethics & Law of ICT
Libertarian vs Paradigm (global common good/national
public interest):
Paternalistic / (main issues,5 • Privacy,
Conservative basket): • Accuracy,
• Sistem hukum yang • Resources • Property,
berkenaan dengan • Economy • Accessibility/ Availability
cyberspace baik dalam • Legal • Responsibility
lingkup nasional • Development
• Accountability
maupun internasional. • Due Process
• Socio-cultural • Liability
• (Andrew Murray,
(Jovan Kurbalija) (AM De joie et.al + Kenneth C
Cyberspace Laudon
Regulation)
Global Cybersecurity Agenda (ITU)
Indonesian Commitment to
Internet Governance + Law of Info-comm

6. Internet Governance
The WGIG Report (2004), Jovan Kurbalija Fokus Materi IGF ala
Identified four main areas (five baskets) Indonesia
• Issues related to infrastructure and the Perspektif hukum dalam arti luas
management of critical Internet
Infrastruktur dan
resources. Standarisasi bukan dalam arti sempit
• Isues related to the use of the Internet • Constitutional Rights and ICT
including spam network security and
Legal:
cybercrime. -Jurisdiction (New Technologies) => Privacy &
- Cybercrime (include IPR’s)
Data Protection
- Alternative Dispute Resoultion
• Issues relevant to the Internet but have • Internet Cryptography + Security
an impact much wider than the Internet
Economy
and for which existing organisations are
• Infrastruktur & Standarisasi
responsible such as in Intellectual • E-government + e-ID
property right (IPR) or international trade.
Management (access to e-public
• Issues related tot the developmental services)
aspects of Internet governance in
Development
• E-commerce + ADR
particular capacity building in developing
countries. • Cyber-crime (including IPR)
Socio Cultural • Jurisdiction

7. Constitutional Rights & ICT Intenational Instruments of
Human Rights:
• Freedom of Expression
Ethics: • Access to knowledge
• Privacy, • Access to technology
• Accuracy, • Access to administration
• Property, • Privacy, Dignity & Reputation
• Accessibility/Availability • Right Against Self-Incrimination
Constitution • Due Process of Law Other
• Responsibility
• Accountability UUD-NRI 1945 Countries
• Due Process (Amend 1-4) Constitution
• Liability
Public Interest and
Individual Rights:
Public Trust Obligation
• Freedom of Expression
• Privacy (Anonymity, Reputation) • Freedom of Expression and the Press
• Property • Public infrastructure
• Access to Public Information • Administration
• Rights Against Self Incrimination • E-voting
• Security
Legislation Products and Cases

8. Keranjang Hukum
• Fokus Materi (pemanfaatan internet yang
sesuai dengan kepentingan nasional)
1. Yurisdiksi => Ekstra-teritorial +
multilateral
2. Keberlakuan HKI (Hak Cipta)
3. Keamanan critical public infrastructure
4. Cybercrime (Mutual Legal Assistance)
5. Alternative Online Dispute Resolution =>
Badan Arbitrase + BPSK

9. Fokus Materi (1) dampak Crossborder:
Sovereignty  Jurisdiction
(Negara Mana Yang Berhak Menghukum ?)
• Warga Negara Siapa ?
• Dimana dilakukannya (apakah delik
formil) ?
• Dimana Victim dan Akibat serious
damages-nya (apakah delik materil)
dan bgmn kepentinga nasionalnya ?
• Dimana bukti dapat diperoleh ?
• Dimana Suspect dapat ditangkap?
• adakah perjanjian ekstradisi ?
• Dimana Ancaman Pidana Yang
Sesuai Nilai Keadilan
• Dimana Fair Trial / impartial
Transfer of Proceedings

10. Fokus Materi (2) : Property vs Propriety
• Mungkinkah IP Abuse =>
– Larangan melanggar
Kepentingan ekonomi nasional
+ unfair competition
– Jangan membuat barriers for
access to knowledge
– Jangan mensalahgunakan
Pendaftaran, Pencatatan krn vs
Prinsip Originalitas Ciptaan
– Sham litigation => eksploitasi
• Kriminalisasi Pelanggaran
– TRIPS mengamanatkan piracy
on commercial scale bukan
commercial use ?
• Indonsia perlu Aturan ttg IP Abuse
• Indonesia perlu membuat Watchlist Source: Jovan Kurbalija,
An introduction to Internet Governance

11. Spectrum of License
All rights Public Domain:
reserved
- Moral right
- Economical Rights
Haruskah didaftarkan ?

12. Fokus Materi (3) : Security + National e-Authentication
Perlu aturan ttg
• Kebijakan Kriptografi
• classified Information
• Privacy & Data Proteksi
• National Root CA + BridgeCA
• National Gateway ?
Cross Recognition
Models Regulations of PKI
• Self-Regulation
=>communities PKI
• “Mesh” PKI =>
Peer-to-peer
• “bridge” CSP.

13. Fokus Materi (5) =
Conducive/Cost Effective + Efficiency Economy + ADR
• Penerapan e-Apostile (Hague Agreement 1961) => Mengilangkan
Inefisiensi Lintas Authenticity Document utk National dan International
Private Transaction => Cybernotary/e-Notary (setidaknya untuk RA dan
pembuatan salinan otentik elektronik)
• Cost effective terhadap Tax (reporting dan clearing house dan Duty-
stamp ?
• Voluntary Accreditation/Accredited-List bagi para penyelenggara
layanan (IS Provider) dan Profesional Penunjang TIK
• Forum dan Mekanisme untuk Coercive Self-Regulation
• Kejelasan aturan E-payment system dan e-Transferable Records (e-
money)
• Komitmen untuk mengembangkan National Data Centre
• Consumer Protection Right => White-list (paling tidak harus ada notice,
choice dan consent serta jaminan limitation purpose dan “preventing
harm”)
• Mediasi dan Arbitrase => BAM-HKI dan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa
Konsumen

14. Terima Kasih

15. LAMPIRAN

16. Konvergensi Industri
• Telematics Convergence =>
content, network & services
– Industry restructure <=>
ICT/multimedia
orientation
– Scope of content industry
=> digital works &
services (text, US$ 25.000
picture/images, audio, Enthropia
video, etc) Universe
• Database
• Computer program
• Games
• news
• E-book
• Photograph US$ 800.000
US$ 299
• Music Point Blank
Virtual Wolrd of Warcraft
• Paintings
• Maps Property
• etc

17. (ITU => Cybersecurity)
• “Cybersecurity is the collection of tools, policies, security concepts, security safeguards,
guidelines, risk management approaches, actions, training, best practices, assurance
and technologies that can be used to protect the cyber environment and organization
and user’s assets.
– [Organization and user’s assets include connected computing devices, personnel,
infrastructure, applications, services, telecommunications systems, and the totality of
transmitted and/or stored information in the cyber environment].
• Cybersecurity strives to ensure the attainment and maintenance of the security
properties of the organization and user’s assets against relevant security risks in the
cyber environment. The general security objectives comprise the following: Availability;
Integrity,( which may include authenticity and non-repudiation); Confidentiality
• The Global Cybersecurity Agenda has seven main strategic goals, built on five work
areas:
1) Legal Measures => cybercrime legislation
2) Technical and Procedural Measures => End users and businesses (direct
approach); and Service providers and software companies
3) Organizational Structures => highly developed organizational structures, avoid
overlapping,
4) Capacity Building & User’s education => public campaigns + open communication of
the latest cybercrime threats
5) International Cooperation => Mutual Legal Assistance of the LEA’s

18. Extra Teritorial Jurisdiction
• Pasal 2 :
Undang-undang ini berlaku untuk :
– Setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam UU
ITE;
– Baik yang berada di wilayah hukum Indonesia maupun di luar wilayah hukum
Indonesia;
– Yang memiliki akibat hukum di wilayah hukum Indonesia dan/atau diluar
wilayah hukum Indonesia dan merugikan kepentingan Indonesia.
Crime
Merugikan kepentingan Indonesia: meliputi & tidak terbatas pada merugikan kepentingan
Ekonomi indonesia, perlindungan data strategis, harkat dan martabat bangsa, pertahanan
& keamanan negara, kedaulatan negara, warga negara, serta badan hukum Indonesia. 18

19. Ketahanan Bangsa
mampukah menghadapi AGHT => pengaruh dari luar dan
mengendalikan hasrat dari dalam …???
• Orang => Warga • Privacy, Dignity & Reputation
Negara, Bangsa (HAM setiap orang)
dan Negara
• Sumber Daya • Kesejahteraan (ps33 UUD 45)
dan Utilitas Publik
• Pemerintah dan • Melindungi atau menghianati
Sistem Hukum konstitusi (cita2 luhur bangsa)