1. SENTHIL KUMAR KANDASAMY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ERODE, TAMILNADU

2.  To
fabricate supercapacitor using silver-zirconia
composite as one electrode and activated carbon as
another electrode and to measure the capacitance
using LCR meter. Silver zirconia composite was
synthesized and characterized using UV Visible
spectroscopy and XRD.
 Finally, the supercapacitor was fabricated and
measured the capacitance using LCR meter. There were
two set ups created. One is single parallel plate
arrangement and another one is cascading
arrangement. The capacitance value is compared.


3.  Technology which deals with the various structures of
matter having dimensions of the order of a billionth of
a meter.

4.  Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor
 Energy is stored in supercapacitor by polarizing the electrolytic solution.
 Electrolytic capacitor , capacitance value limited by flat surface area and





dielectric properties
Energy Density: It is the amount of energy stored per unit volume or mass.
The amount of energy stored is very large because of high surface area created
by porous electrodes and the small charge separation created by separator.
Power Density: It combines energy density with the speed that energy can be
drawn out of a device.
Farad: The electron storing capacity of capacitor is measured in unit Farad.
One farad is approximately the charge with 6,280,000,000,000,000,000
electrons.
Advantages of the supercapacitor include high energy density compared to
capacitors, High power density compared to batteries, Shorter charging time,
Longer cycle life , Longer shelf life, Stability, Light weight and so on.

5. Supercapacitors
Batteries
 Higher power density
 Higher energy density
 Much faster charge and
 Typically, 200 – 1000 charge and




discharge rate
Environmentally friendly
Extremely low internal
resistance or ESR
High efficiency (97-98%)
Over a million charge-discharge
cycles
discharge cycles
 Contains highly reactive and
hazardous chemicals
 Negatively effected by low
temperatures

7.  Extremely porous with a very large surface area.
 Surface resembles a sponge
 More electrons to be stored than other materials.
 Low electronic conductivity

8.  The specific capacitance and kinetic reversibility of the
composite electrodes were enhanced by addition of
silver nanoparticles.
 For Zirconia, porosity in the range of 2-21% and size in
the range of 65-120 nm.
 The mixture was subjected to physical/chemical
activation in an attempt to increase the surface area
and specific capacitance of the electrode.

9.  The silver colloids were synthesized by chemical
reduction method. The CTAB was added to silver
nitrate (0.1 M) solution and stirred. Then, the Lascorbic acid (0.1 M) was added to that solution to
produce silver nanoparticles. By chemical reduction
silver colloids were prepared. Then, zirconium oxalate
and sodium hydroxide is mixed with the silver colloid
and stirred for 24 hrs to make it as a homogeneous
solution. By proper sintering temperature, silver
zirconia composite were obtained. This particle can
dispersed in triethanolamine and water in the ratio 1:3.

11. FTIR

12. 1
Wave
Assignment
Number, cm-1
483
Symmetric stretching mode of Zr-O-Zr bond,
Zr-O vibration,
Strong absorption attributed to tetragonal
zirconia.
Monoclinic ZrO2,
O-Zr-O
Zr-O stretching vibration
2
660
IR active fundamental mode of ZrO2 ,
Asymmetric stretching mode of Zr-O-Zr bond
Zr-O bond
Si-O-Ag bond
3
4
797
907
5
6
7
8
1110
1288
1426
1684
Zr-O bond
Zr-O bond
Si-O-Ag bond
Bending vibration of C-H
C-C bond
Absorption bond of NO3
Stretching vibrations of the OH groups
H-O-H bending vibrations
C-O bond
9
3395
Bending vibrations of the OH groups
Bending vibrations of the OH band due to
absorbed water molecules
References
470, V. Eswaranand and T. Pradeep,
2002.
470, Luis A. P´erez-Maqueda and
Egon Matijevi et al, 1997.
471, Guorong Duan et al,2008
506, W.T. Tang et al, 2010.
400-500, Zijun Zhang et al,2011
450, Zijun Zhang et al,2011
653, A. Sreekumaran Nair et al, 2004.
650, V. Eswaranand and T. Pradeep,
2002.
650, Zijun Zhang et al,2011
670, Chang Sool kim et al,2008
833, Zijun Zhang et al,2011
937, Zijun Zhang et al,2011
889, Chang Sool kim et al,2008
1122,Shaoxu Wang et al,2006
1284, Zijun Zhang et al,2011
1387, Chang Sool Kim et al,2008
1634, S. Jayakumar et al, 2011,
Zijun Zhang et al, 2011.
1645, Chang Sool Kim et al,2008
1597, Zijun Zhang et al,2011
3419, Guorong Duan et al,2008
3426,S. Jayakumar et al, 2011,
Zijun Zhang et al, 2011.

13. XRF Analysis
Element Analysis
Element
Weight,%
Using EDX 720.
1
Zr K
92.114
It is used to measure
2
Si K
5.763
the weight
3
Hf L
1.306
4
Ag K
percentage of the
0.605
5
Ti K
0.211
individual elements.
Analysis performed
before calcination.

14. XRD
Broad peak at 27
degree which
confims the
amorphous nature of
the as prepared
composite.

15. AFM
Surface roughness.

16. Supercapacitor
setup
Electrode Activated Carbon
and Silver Zirconia
Composite
Electrolyte – KI
Separator –
Whatman Paper

17.  Asymmetric supercapacitor developed successfully




using silver zirconia composite as one electrode
and activated carbon as another electrode in KI
electrolyte
Asymmetric supercapacitor can exhibit maximum
energy density.
Two layers consisting of nanoporous electrodes
Separator is impregnated with an organic
electrolyte
Thin separator can only withstand low voltages

18. Dielectric constant of medium X
area of the plate
 Capacitance =
---------------------------------Distance between the plates

19. Capacitance
measurement
Measured using LCR
S.No
Capacitor Arrangement
Electrolyte
Capacitance
meter.
Compared to single
1
Single parallel plate capacitor
KI
1 F to 12 F
parallel plate
capacitor , cascading
2
Cascading arrangement
KI
33 F to 180 F
arrangement of
supercapacitor gives
the better result.

20.  Silver zirconia composite was synthesized and
characterized using UV Visible spectroscopy and XRD.
Finally, the supercapacitor was fabricated and
measured the capacitance using LCR meter. For single
setup the capacitance range varies between 1 F to 12 F.
But for cascading arrangement the capacitance value
drastically varies in between 33 F to 180 F.