1.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٤١
‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼـﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷراﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎزة‬
‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ /‫أ.د‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧوﻓﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬ ‫أﺳﺗﺎذ‬

2.
٣٤٢‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫ﻧﺤ‬‫ﻟﻸراﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫إﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻣﯿﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﺮال‬–‫ﺑﻮﻧﺎﺑﺮت‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻠﯿﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﺮال‬
‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺛﺑﯾت‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫إﻗ‬ ‫ﻻت‬‫ﻣﺣﺎو‬ ‫ﻗت‬‫ر‬‫اﺳﺗﻐ‬
‫ﻧﺣو‬‫اﻷﻛﺛر‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺧط‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ .‫ﻋﺷر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘرن‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ،‫اﻟزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻗرن‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟز‬ ‫آﺧر‬ ‫ﻟﺳﻘوط‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫وﺻو‬ ‫اﻟﻘرن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺻف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗرﻛزت‬ ‫إﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺎم‬٢٦‫ﯾل‬‫ر‬‫إﺑ‬١٨٩٣‫اﻟﺳﺎدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻌدﯾل‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫م‬

3.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٤٣
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘدﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫ﻣن‬١٨٩٦‫أﺻﺑﺣت‬ ‫ﺑﺣﯾث‬‫ﻣﻠﻛ‬ ‫"ﺗﺳﻣﻲ‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
"‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬.‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻫﯾﻛل‬ ‫ﺗطور‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻌﯾدة‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫آﺛﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫إﻗ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠط‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬
.‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﻘرن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺻف‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧوض‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌﯾن‬‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺑﻠﯾون‬
‫ﺑوﻧﺎﺑرت‬‫ﻻﺧﺗﻼف‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺻ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣل‬ ‫اﻋﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫إﺻﻼح‬ ‫اء‬‫ر‬‫إﺟ‬ ‫ﻓض‬‫ر‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫أﺻد‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﺎﻟﯾك‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺗﯾﻼء‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺗﻔﻲ‬ .‫ﯾﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﺳﺗﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫أي‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬
٢٧‫ﯾوﻧﯾو‬١٧٩٨‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺳﺣﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﯾﻼء‬‫و‬ ،‫م‬
‫اﻟﺣﯾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬم‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑﺗون‬‫اﻟوﺛﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻘدﯾم‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﺎ‬،"‫اطﯾس‬‫ر‬‫"اﻟﻘ‬‫ﯾﺗﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻟﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣق‬ ‫ﺗﺛﺑﯾت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫أﺻد‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ ،‫اﻹﺛﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬١٦‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺳﺑﺗﻣﺑر‬.‫ع‬‫ﻣﺷرو‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬
‫ال‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺟﻧ‬‫ﻣﯾﻧو‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻋدﻩ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬‫و‬٢٠‫ﯾﻧﺎﯾر‬١٨٠١‫ع‬‫ﻣﺷرو‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ﺑﺣق‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻌد‬ ‫م‬
‫وﻗد‬ .‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧﺳﯾﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺳﺣﺎب‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻧظ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﻔذ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫ﻟﻺﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣل‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻣن‬:‫ع‬‫اﻟﻣﺷرو‬ ‫ﻟك‬
-‫ﯾﻔرض‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻟﺟودة‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﺣدة‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺗوﺣﯾد‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬٢٠‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻔدان‬ ‫ﻧك‬‫ر‬‫ﻓ‬١٧‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻧك‬‫ر‬‫ﻓ‬١٤.‫ﻧك‬‫ر‬‫ﻓ‬
-‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺣﺻل‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺳﯾم‬٢٤‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺻل‬ ‫ﺑﺣﯾث‬ ،‫اطﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻗﯾ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬١٢،‫اط‬‫ر‬‫ﻗﯾ‬٧،‫ﻟﻠﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﺗﻌوﯾض‬ ‫ﯾط‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬٣‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺷﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﯾط‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬،‫ﻟﺑﻠد‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑدﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺳور‬ ‫وﺗﻘوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟﺗر‬ ‫ﺗطﻬﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫أﺟ‬ ‫اطﯾن‬‫ر‬‫وﻗﯾ‬
.‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺳﺧ‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
-‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫وﺗﻣﻠﯾك‬ ‫اﻟوﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻷرض‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻠﯾك‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ام‬‫ز‬‫اﻻﻟﺗ‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫إﻟﻐﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻷرض‬ ‫ﻛذﻟك‬)١٢(
.

4.
٣٤٤‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
) ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﮫﺪ‬١٨٠٥-١٨٤٦(‫م‬
‫ﺑﺗوﻟﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺑﺗداء‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬١٣‫ﺻﻔر‬١٢٢٠/‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬١٨٠٥‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬
١٨٤٦‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺟد‬ ‫م‬٤٤‫ﺑذﻟك‬ ‫وﯾﻌد‬ ،‫أﯾﺎم‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫وﻋﺷ‬ ‫أﺷﻬر‬ ‫وﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬
‫ﻓﻬو‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺗﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻧذ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻣدة‬ ‫طول‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎطﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻧﺻر‬ ‫ﻣﻌد‬ ‫ﺗﻣﯾم‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻠﯾﻔﺔ‬‫ﻟﻣدة‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬ ‫اﻟذي‬٦٠ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬
‫ﺗﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫ﯾوﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﺷرون‬ ‫وﺳﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻬور‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬‫ﻗﻼوون‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﺻر‬‫اﻟذي‬
‫ﻟﻣدة‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬٤٣ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﯾوﻣ‬ ‫وﻋﺷرون‬ ‫وﺳﺗﺔ‬ ‫أﺷﻬر‬ ‫وﺗﺳﻌﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬.‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﺣدث‬ ‫وﻗد‬
‫أوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﺣﻛﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣدة‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫أوﺿﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬

5.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٤٥
‫ﯾﻊ‬‫ز‬‫ﺑﺗو‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫اﺣﺗﻛﺎر‬‫و‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺳﯾط‬
‫ﻟﺗﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻬﯾدا‬ ‫اﻧﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘوق‬.‫ﻠﯾﻛﻬﺎ‬
‫أ‬-‫ﺧﻄ‬:‫اﻷراﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫ﻮات‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٠٦‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺻف‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺣﺻﯾل‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫م‬"‫"اﻟﻔﺎﯾظ‬‫ﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزم‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫وﺗﺣﺻﯾل‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺻل‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ‬
‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌروﻓﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﻣﯾ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬"‫إطﻼق‬ ‫"أطﯾﺎن‬‫ا‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺧﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٠٧‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻓرض‬ ‫م‬"‫اﻟﻣﺳﻣوح‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫"أ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﻣت‬ .‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧت‬ ،‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫وﻣﺷﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﯾﺎن‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﺣو‬
‫ﻧﺻف‬ ‫ﺑﺟﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﯾظ‬‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﯾﻘوم‬ ‫اﻵﺧر‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺻف‬ ‫وﺗرﻛت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬
.‫ﺑﺟﻣﻌﻪ‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٠٨‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﺟدﯾدة‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻓرض‬ ‫م‬‫اﻟذ‬ ‫"ﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬،"‫ة‬‫ﺧﯾر‬‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫وﻛﺗب‬
‫ﺑﻌﺟز‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺟﻲ‬‫ز‬‫اﻟرو‬١٦٠‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺟﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺈﺧ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫اﻣ‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻدر‬ .‫أداﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬ ‫وﻗرر‬ .‫أﺗﺑﺎﻋﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻻدﻩ‬‫ﻷو‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺎدﻫﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺳﯾط‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬"‫ام‬‫ز‬‫اﻻﻟﺗ‬ ‫"ﻓﺎﺋض‬‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑﺣﯾ‬ ‫إﻗﻠﯾم‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻠﺗزﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﺟز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ .
‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻷﺳﻠوب‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬم‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺻرف‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫طﻠب‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬
،‫اﻣﺎﺗﻬم‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺗ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟدﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘدﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬
.‫اﻟوﺛﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﯾﻘدم‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وﺻﺎدر‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٠٩‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻓرض‬ ‫م‬"‫اﻻوﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫"أ‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ي‬‫ﺣﺎﺋز‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫طﻠب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧت‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬
‫ﻗﺔ‬‫ز‬‫اﻟر‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫"رزﻗ‬"‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻌﯾن‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟدﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘدﯾم‬
‫ﺗﺳﺟﯾل‬ ‫أﻋﺎد‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟوﺛﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﯾﻘدم‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺻﺎدر‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ .‫ﻟﺗﺟدﯾدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾوﻣﺎ‬

6.
٣٤٦‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫وﻓرض‬ ،‫ﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻵﺧ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
.‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬
-‫ﻣﺎرس‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨١١‫ﺗﺧﻠص‬ ‫م‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﻣذﺑﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﺎﻟﯾك‬ ‫ﻛﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫أ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗوﻟﻲ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺻﻌﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﯾﻬم‬‫ر‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨١٢‫وﺻودرت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﺎﻟﯾك‬ ‫ﻓﻠول‬ ‫طوردت‬ ‫م‬
‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ﻋﺟز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﺿﯾﻬم‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﺎش‬ ‫ﺗﻌوﯾﺿﻬم‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑل‬ ‫اﻣﻬم‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺗ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻟ‬‫ز‬‫ﻓﺗﻧﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺑﺎﻫظﺔ‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨١٣‫اﺳﺗﻣ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﺻﻌﯾد‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑدأ‬ ‫م‬‫ﺧﻣس‬ ‫ال‬‫و‬‫ط‬ ‫ر‬
‫ﺑﻣﻘدار‬ ‫ﺗﻘل‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫وﺣدة‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدم‬‫و‬ ،‫ات‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻧ‬١٥١٣" ‫ﺑﻊ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗر‬‫اﻟﻔدان‬
‫اﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﯾﻌﺎدل‬٥٩٢٩،‫ﺑﻊ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗر‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫وﻓدان‬‫ﯾﻌﺎدل‬٤٤١٦‫ﻣﺗر‬
‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗوﻟﻲ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬ ."‫ﺑﻊ‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬،"‫اﻟرزﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫"أ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻷﻫﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺎ‬‫ووز‬‫اﻋﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ز‬
‫ﺑﻊ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾﺻرف‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺎ‬ ‫ظل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟوﻗف‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ .‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻧظﯾر‬
.‫اﻟوﻗف‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﻘﻲ‬ ‫وﻧﺻﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﺗﻐل‬ ‫ﻧﺻﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬
‫ب‬-:‫اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫إﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬
-‫ﯾﻧﺎﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٣٨‫أﻋطﻰ‬ ‫م‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﺑﺄطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻌم‬"‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫"اﻟرزﻗﺔ‬
‫أﺣﻔ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻻدﻫم‬‫ﻷو‬ ‫ﯾﺛﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗو‬ ‫ﺣق‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف‬ ‫اﻧﺗﻘل‬ ‫ﻧﺳﻠﻬم‬ ‫اﻧﻘرض‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ،‫ﺎدﻫم‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾض‬ ‫ﻋﺗﻘﺎﺋﻬم‬‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫أﻟﺣﻘت‬ ‫ﻧﺳﻠﻬم‬ ‫اﻧﻘرض‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫ﺑﻌدﻫم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻬم‬‫ر‬‫وذ‬
.‫ﯾﻔﯾن‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﺣرﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﺄوﻗﺎف‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬١٦‫اﯾر‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺑ‬١٨٤٢‫أﺻدر‬ ‫م‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻷﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫ﯾﺑﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧوﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺻرف‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﺎزل‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﻫﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﺑﯾﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻔﺎﻟك‬‫و‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﻪ‬‫ز‬‫ﺣو‬

7.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٤٧
"‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫"رزﻗﺔ‬‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻧص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺟﺎء‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟوﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﺑﻛل‬
‫أﺻﺑﺣت‬ ‫اﻷرض‬."‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫رزﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﯾﺎ‬‫ﺷر‬ ‫"ﺗﻣﻠﯾﻛﺎ‬
-) ‫ﺟدول‬٣/٤.‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ات‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘدﯾر‬ : (
-(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔدان‬ ‫)اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
١ ‫ﻋﻬد‬ ١٢٠٥٥٥٩ ٥ ‫ﻣﺷﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫ح‬‫ﻣﺳﻣو‬ ١٤٤٨٤٢
٢ ‫أﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ١٣٩٦٢٧٨ ٦ ‫ﻣﺻﺎطب‬ ‫ح‬‫ﻣﺳﻣو‬ ٥٤٣٤٤٥
٣ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻟك‬ ٣٣٤٢٨٦ ٧ ‫أوﻗﺎف‬ ٦٠٠٠٠٠
٤ ‫أوﺳﯾﺔ‬ ٢٠٠٣٩٨ ٨ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫أﺛ‬ ‫أطﯾﺎن‬ ١٠٠٩٦٤٥
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬٥٤٣٤٤٥٣
-: ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬.‫ﻋﺷر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘرن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺻف‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﻟﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬١٣‫د‬‫ﯾﺳﻣﺑر‬١٨٤٧‫أﺻدر‬ ‫م‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظم‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗﺷ‬ ‫أول‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬."‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫"ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬‫أﺟﺎز‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ي‬‫ﻟﺣﺎﺋز‬"‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫"ﺻﻐﺎر‬،‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻫن‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺣق‬
‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫اع‬‫ز‬‫اﻧﺗ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻐﯾر‬ ‫أطﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﻏﺗﺻﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣظرت‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫وﺗﺄﺟﯾر‬
‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﺋز‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺳور‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟﺗر‬ ‫ﻛﺷق‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻔﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣق‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﯾد‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻠزم‬‫و‬ .‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻟﺣﺎﺋز‬ ‫ﺗﻌوﯾض‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋدم‬
‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺷﻬود‬ ‫وﺣﺿور‬ ،‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬.
-‫أ‬-:‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻌ‬‫اﻟ‬‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﺑدﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌﻬد‬ ‫ﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫اﻣﺗﯾﺎز‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ة‬َ‫ﻬد‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﻌﺳ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﻟﻘر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺗﺄﺧ‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺟﺎ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ءا‬‫ﺟز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻬد‬ ‫ﯾﻌطﻲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ظﯾر‬
‫أو‬ ،‫ﯾوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣون‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻣل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺎ‬‫ﯾزر‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أرض‬
‫اﻟﻣﻣﻧوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻗطﻌﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻌض‬ ‫ي‬‫وﯾر‬ .‫اﻟﻣﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ء‬‫ﺟز‬ ‫ﻧظﯾر‬
‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫اﻋﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑز‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﻟﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻬد‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ .‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻌﻬد‬

8.
٣٤٨‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫اﻋﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ﻋون‬‫ار‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬‫وﯾﻣﻛﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺗﻬم‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺣﺳن‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺻدر‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫إﻟﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﻓﺗرد‬ ‫اﻋﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ز‬١٥‫ﻣﺣرم‬١٢٥٦‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬٢٢‫ﻣﺎرس‬١٨٤٠‫ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺑدأ‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤرﺧﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ي‬‫وﯾر‬ .‫م‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬ ‫اﻟرﺳﻣﻲ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺻدور‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬ ‫ة‬َ‫ﻬد‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫أول‬
‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﯾوﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣرﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﻧﺎظر‬ ‫أﻓﻧدي‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺣﻣود‬ ‫دة‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺑﯾﻌﺎت‬١٨٣١‫م‬‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫دة‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .
١٨٤٤‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫م‬١٢٠٥٥٥٩‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓدان‬٢٩٣‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺗص‬ ‫ﻓدان‬ ‫اﻟف‬‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ورﺟﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻣوظﻔﯾن‬ ‫وﻛﺑﺎر‬ ‫اك‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﺿﺑﺎط‬ ‫ﺣﺻل‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺗﻪ‬‫ر‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أﻓ‬‫و‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬٩١٢٥٥٩‫ﻓدان‬.ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻣﺎﻣ‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫أﻟﻐﯾت‬ ‫وﻗد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬
‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬‫ﻟذﻟك‬ ،‫ﻬدﺗﻬم‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌدﯾن‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻠك‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،
‫ار‬‫ر‬‫إﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﻠﻛﯾﺎت‬ِ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺎدر‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎر‬ ‫ﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ِ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺣق‬.‫ﯾﺔ‬
-
) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﺟدول‬٤/٤‫اﻟﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺑوطﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ : (
،‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٢١.‫م‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣرﺑوطﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻓدان‬ % ‫ﻓدان‬ % ‫ﻓدان‬ %
‫ي‬‫ﺑﺣر‬ ١٩٠٣٧٨٨ ٨١.٢ ٤٤٠١٢٧ ١٨.٨ ٢٣٤٣٩١٥ ١٠٠
‫ﻗﺑﻠﻲ‬ ١٣١٤٩٢٧ ٤٢.٥ ١٧٧٥٦١١ ٥٧.٥ ٣٠٩٠٥٣٨ ١٠٠
‫إﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ٣٢١٨٧١٥ ٥٩.٢ ٢٢١٥٧٣٨ ٤٠.٨ ٥٤٣٤٤٥٣ ١٠٠
‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬،‫ﺑرﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ :‫أﺛ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗطور‬‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬،‫اﻟﺟدﯾدة‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫دار‬
،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻫ‬١٩٧٧‫ص‬ ،٢٦.

9.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٤٩
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﯿﺎزة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫راﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﺟدول‬٥/٤‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟوﻻﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ : (١٢٣٣/‫ﻫـ‬١٨١٨.‫م‬
(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔدان‬ ‫)اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺣﺔ‬ ‫أوﺳﯾﺔ‬)١(
‫رزق‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻣﯾر‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫أوﺳﯾﺔ‬)٢(
‫إﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻐرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ٥٠٥٣٦٢ ٧٥٥٣ ٢٩٥٩٦ ٥٤٢٥١١ ١٠١٨٣ ٥٥٢٦٩٤
‫اﻟدﻗﻬﻠﯾﺔ‬ ٣١٦٩٢٢ ٦٥٩٣ ١٨٣٩٧ ٣٤١٩١٢ ٣١٠٥ ٢٤٥٠١٧
‫اﻟﺷرﻗﯾﺔ‬ ٢٧٩٠٤٣ ١٤٢٤٣ ١٣٧٤٨ ٣١٠٣٤٩ ١٠٥٦١ ٣٢٠٩١٠)٣(
‫ة‬‫اﻟﺑﺣﯾر‬ ١٨١٩٩٩ ٥٢٧٤ ٨٤٠٥ ١٩٥٦٧٨ ٤٥٣٤ ٢٠٠٢١٢
‫اﻟﻘﻠﯾوﺑﯾﺔ‬ ١٢٤٦٨٢ ٢٥٤١ ١٠٧٩٥ ١٣٨٠١٨ ١٧٢٧٩ ١٥٥٢٩٧
‫اﻟﻣﻧوﻓﯾﺔ‬ ٢٧٥٥٤٩ ٣٣٣٦ ١٣٧٩٧ ٢٩٢٦٨٢ ٧٤٩١ ٣٠٠١٧٣
‫ة‬‫اﻟﺟﯾز‬ ٧٧٨٢٩ ١٥٢٢ ١٠٨٢٩ ٩٠٣٨٠ ٥٣٩٨ ٩٥٧٧٨)٤(
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺎﻟﯾم‬‫ﺑﺣرﯾﺔ‬ ١٧٦١٣٨٦ ٤١٠٦٢ ١٠٥٥٦٧ ١٩١١٥٣٠ ٥٨٥٥١ ١٩٧٠٠٨١
‫اﻟﻔﯾوم‬ ٥٤٤٠٤ ٢٧٧٣ ٢٧٥٤ ٥٩٩٣١ - ٥٩٩٣١
‫اﻷﺷﻣوﻧﯾن‬ ١٥٣٧٨٣ - ١٥٤٨٣ ١٦٩٢٦٦ - ١٦٩٢٦٦
‫اﻟﺑﻬﻧﺳﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ٢٠٠٤٦٨ ٢٩٢٦١ ٨٩٠٨ ٢٣٨٦٣٧ - ٢٣٨٦٣٧
‫اﻷطﻔﺣﯾﺔ‬ ٢٥٥٩٢ ٤٧١ ١٩٦٩ ٢٨٠٣٢ - ٢٨٠٣٢
‫اﻟوﺳطﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺎﻟﯾم‬ ٤٣٤٢٤٧ ٣٢٥٠٥ ٢٩١١٤ ٤٩٥٨٦٦ - ٤٩٥٨٦٦
‫ﺟرﺟﺎ‬ ٤٠٩٩١١ - ٣٨٥٣٧ ٤٤٨٤٤٨ - ٤٤٨٤٤٨
‫ﻣﻧﻔﻠوط‬ ٧٦٧٨٠ - ١١٣٧٥ ٨٨١٥٥ - ٨٨١٥٥
‫اﻟﻘﺑﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺎﻟﯾم‬ ٤٨٦٦٩١ - ٤٩٩١٢ ٥٣٦٦٠٣ - ٥٣٦٦٠٣
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ٢٦٨٢٣٢٤ ٧٣٥٦٧ ١٨٤٥٩٣ ٢٩٤٣٩٩٩ ٨٥٥١ ٣٠٠٢٥٥٠
)١.(‫ى‬‫ﻣﯾر‬ ‫)ﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷوﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ()٢‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣ‬ (‫اﻟﺧﺎﻣس‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷوﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺎت‬
.(‫أوﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫)ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗدﻓﻊ‬)٣‫اﻟﺷرﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺿﻣن‬ (٣٣١٥‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫روك‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻓدان‬
.‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف‬)٤‫ة‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺟﯾ‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺿﻣن‬ (٢٠٠.‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺧﯾل‬ ‫إطﻼق‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻓدان‬
:‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬:‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
-‫ﺳﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﯾن‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫وﻋﺻر‬ ‫اﻟﻧﯾل‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾم‬‫ء‬‫اﻟﺟز‬ ،،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻫ‬ ،‫اﻟﻛﺗب‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣطﺑﻌﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬١٩٢٨،‫م‬
‫ﺻص‬٢٦٦-٢٧٥.

10.
٣٥٠‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫ب‬-:‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﻳﺎت‬‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻣﻠﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﯾﻔﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻲ‬ .‫ﻣزروﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛن‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺟﻼت‬ ‫ج‬‫ﺗدر‬ ‫ﻟم‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻣﻠﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠز‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔرض‬ ‫وﻟم‬
‫وطﺑﻘﺎ‬ ،‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻋﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﺟﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺻل‬‫و‬ .‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬
‫أرﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﺑق‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣذﻫب‬
‫اﺗﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬"‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫"ﺑﺈذن‬‫إﻻ‬ .‫اﻟﻌﺷر‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫ﯾدﻓﻊ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎ‬
‫أن‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫أﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻧﺎك‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫أي‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑذﻟك‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻠﺗزم‬ ‫ﻟم‬‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﺔ‬‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺎدﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻣدة‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫وﻫﻧﺎك‬ ،‫ﻣﺎل‬٣-٧‫ﻓرﺿت‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬ ،‫ات‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻧ‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬‫ﺷور‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺿرﯾﺑﺔ‬‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔذ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺛﻐ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫وﯾﻌد‬ .
‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻘدر‬ .‫اﻟﯾوﻧﺎﻧﯾﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬١٣٥٦٢٧٨‫ﻓدان‬.‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧت‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺑﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫر‬ ‫ﺑك‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺣت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬٦٢‫وﻻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻓدان‬
.‫ﻗﻠﯾوب‬‫ﯾﺦ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺗﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬٢٩‫ﺻﻔر‬١٢٤٢‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬٤‫ﺳﺑﺗﻣﺑر‬١٨٢٦‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫م‬
٢٧‫ال‬‫و‬‫ﺷ‬١٢٥٢‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﯾث‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺗو‬ ‫ﻋﺎل‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫ﺻدر‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬٥‫ﻣﺣرم‬١٢٥٨‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬.
‫ت‬–:‫اﻟﺠﻔﺎﻟﻚ‬‫ا‬‫واﻟﺸﻔﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻔﺎﻟﻚ‬:‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻋﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓرق‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬"‫"اﻟﻣﻌﻣور‬
‫ﻣﻧﺣﻬﺎ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻣزروﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫أي‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫طﻠق‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻪ‬‫ر‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫ﻷﻓ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬
‫اﺳم‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﺣﯾﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬‫اﻟﺟﻔﺎﻟك‬‫اﺳم‬ ‫ى‬‫أﺧر‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﺣﯾﺎﻧ‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺷﻔﺎﻟك‬‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺻل‬‫و‬ .
‫ا‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻟﻘر‬"‫ت‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫"أﻋﺳ‬،‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻔروﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫أي‬
‫ﻋت‬‫اﻧﺗز‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻛﺛﯾ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﺑت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬ ،‫أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺟر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬‫و‬
‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻔﺎﻟك‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻗدرت‬ .‫اﻟﺟﻔﺎﻟك‬ ‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ ‫وﺿﻣت‬ ‫ﯾﻬﺎ‬‫ز‬‫ﺣﺎﺋ‬ ‫ﻣن‬

11.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٥١
‫ﻣﻧﺣﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬٣٣٤٢٨٦.‫ﻓدان‬‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ﺢ‬ِ‫ﻧ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ ‫ﺟﻔﻠك‬ ‫أول‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫ﻲ‬
٢٦‫رﺟب‬١٢٥٤‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑل‬ ‫ﻫـ‬١٨٣٨‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﺑﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧم‬ ‫زﯾﻧب‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗدر‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬١٢١٨٦،‫ة‬‫اﻟﻣﻧﺻور‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓدان‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫و‬
‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ذﻟك‬١٤١٧١‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗدر‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎك‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ .‫ﻓدان‬
١٩٠٧‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗدر‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑر‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﺟد‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺔ‬‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬٧٨
‫ﻓدان‬.
‫ث‬-:‫اﻷوﺳﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗرﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﻟﻠﻣﻠﺗزﻣﯾن‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻓرض‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﺗﻬم‬‫ز‬‫اﻣﺗﯾﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻐﺎء‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﺗﻌوﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﯾن‬
‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫وﻗف‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻻء‬‫ﻫؤ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺟﺄ‬ ‫ﻟذﻟك‬ ،‫ﻓﺄﻟﻐﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫ﯾﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺛﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺣرم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫أﺻﺣﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬‫اﻟﻬﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣق‬
‫وﻗدرت‬ .‫اد‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸﻓ‬ ‫ﺑﺑﯾﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﺢ‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫ﺑﺑﯾﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ح‬‫ﺻر‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻹﯾﻘﺎف‬‫و‬
‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻوﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬٢٠٠٣٩٨.‫ﻓدان‬
‫ج‬–:‫ﺴﻤﻮح‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬"‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺳﻣوح‬َ‫"ﻣ‬
‫أﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺣﺳب‬ ،‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﻔﻬم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺟﺑﺎﺗﻬم‬‫و‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎﻣﻬم‬ ‫ﻧظﯾر‬‫س‬٤-٥
‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫ﻓدان‬١٠٥‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﺻل‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻌﻣور‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓدان‬١٠‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ %
‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ف‬َ‫ﻌر‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫اف‬‫ر‬‫إﺷ‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻣور‬"‫ﻘدم‬ُ‫"اﻟﻣ‬‫أو‬‫"اﻟﻘﺎﺋم‬
،"‫ﻣﻘﺎم‬‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫ح‬‫ﻣﺳﻣو‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺗﻘدر‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻲ‬١٤٤٨٤٢‫وﻫﻧﺎك‬ .‫ﻓدان‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬"‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎطب‬ ‫"ﻣﺳﻣوح‬‫ﻧظﯾ‬ ‫وذﻟك‬‫اﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎﻟﻬم‬ ‫ر‬
‫أﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺣﺳب‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرور‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣوظﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺿﺎﻓﺗﻬم‬‫و‬١٠‫ﻓدان‬
‫ﻟﻛل‬١٠٠‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎطب‬ ‫ح‬‫ﻣﺳﻣو‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺗﻘدر‬ ‫وﺑذﻟك‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫زﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓدان‬
٥٤٣٤٤٥‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﻋرف‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻛل‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ .‫ﻓدان‬"‫اﻟﻌرﺑﺎن‬ ‫"ﻣﺳﻣوح‬‫وﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اء‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺎﺧﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﻠﻲ‬‫ﯾﺣﺛﻬم‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺑدو‬

12.
٣٥٢‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫وﻓرﺿت‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ح‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﻣو‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أﻋﻔﯾت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫ار‬‫ر‬‫اﻻﺳﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
.‫ى‬‫أﺧر‬ ‫أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬
‫ح‬-:‫اﻷوﻗﺎف‬‫دور‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻧﻔﺎق‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫أوﻗﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﯾطﻠق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑر‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎدة‬‫اﻟﺧﯾرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻗﺎف‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ .
‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫أوﻗﻔﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﯾطﻠق‬ ،‫ﻫم‬‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺛﺗﻬم‬‫ر‬.‫اﻷﻫﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻗﺎف‬‫وﻗد‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌود‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﻣﺻﺎد‬ ‫ام‬‫و‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻷوﻗﺎف‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﺿت‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷوﻗﺎف‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗدرت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣﻘﯾﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻬد‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬
‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬٦٠٠.‫ﻓدان‬ ‫أﻟف‬
‫خ‬-:‫اﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻷطﯿﺎن‬‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫ﯾﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ز‬‫ﺑﺗو‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻘدر‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬‫اﻻﻟﺗ‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫إﺳﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬٣-٥‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫ﻓدان‬
‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﺟﺑﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزم‬ ‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﺣل‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟوﺛﺎﺋق‬ ‫وﺗذﻛر‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫أﺳ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺑن‬ ‫ﺗؤول‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫وﻓﺎة‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺗؤول‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬
‫اﻟذﻛور‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺑر‬.‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻗﻊ‬‫و‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟﻧو‬ ‫ﻟﻬذا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻛﺛﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤرﺧون‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌرض‬
‫اﻋﺗﺑر‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫ﺣﺻر‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻧﺎﻗض‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬ .‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫دﺧﻠت‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻌض‬
،‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﺋوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ي‬‫ﺣﺎﺋز‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗؤﻛد‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻓر‬‫و‬‫ﯾﺗ‬
ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ِ‫ﻌﺳ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﻟﻘر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻓرﺿت‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬
‫ﯾدﻓﻌون‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋزون‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻲ‬ .‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎﻣﯾن‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫ﺗﺻور‬
‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﯾدﻓﻌون‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺛل‬ ‫آﺧرون‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋزون‬ ‫وﻫﻧﺎك‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻌﻬد‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬
‫ﺗﺑﻠ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣذﻛو‬ ‫ات‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺻر‬ ‫وﻋﻧد‬ .‫ﻟﻠدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷ‬‫ﻎ‬
‫ﻧﺣو‬٤٤٢٤٨٠٨‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺢ‬ ‫إﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻗم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬‫ر‬‫وﺑﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓدان‬

13.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٥٣
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٢١‫اﻟﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬‫و‬ ‫م‬٥٤٣٤٤٥٣‫ﯾﻘدر‬ ‫ﻋﺟز‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻓدان‬
‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬١٠٠٩٦٤٥‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺛل‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺗﻘد‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫ﻓدان‬
.‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﺟدول‬٦/٤‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ : (‫اﻷﻋﯾﺎن‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣوز‬ ،‫ﺑوطﺔ‬
،‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٤٤.‫م‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬
‫ﺣﺎﺋزﯾن‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺎر‬
(‫)ﻓﻼﺣﯾن‬
‫ﺣﺎﺋزﯾن‬ ‫ﻛﺑﺎر‬
(‫)أﻋﯾﺎن‬
‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓدان‬ % ‫ﻓدان‬ % ‫ﻓدان‬ %
‫ي‬‫ﺑﺣر‬ ٦٧٤٩١٤ ٣١.٥ ١٤٦٤٥٥٩ ٦٨.٥ ٢١٣٩٤٧٣ ١٠٠
‫ﻗﺑﻠﻲ‬ ١٣٣٩٠٠٠ ٩٢.٣ ١١٢٠٠٠ ٧.٧ ١٤٥١٠٠٠ ١٠٠
‫إﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ٣٢١٨٧١٥ ٥٦.١ ٢٢١٥٧٣٨ ٤٣.٧ ٥٤٣٤٤٥٣ ١٠٠
:‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
-،‫ـﯾن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﯾﻔ‬‫ر‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ـﯾن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻫﯾ‬‫ــــر‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺷ‬ ‫ــــﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﺗﺎﺳ‬ ‫ــــرن‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ــــﺗﻬل‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺳ‬ ‫ــــﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ــــر‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺻ‬ ‫ــــﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ة‬‫اﻹدار‬‫و‬ ‫ــــﺎد‬‫ـ‬‫اﻻﻗﺗﺻ‬‫ـﺎرف‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫دار‬ ،
،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻫ‬ ،‫ﺑﻣﺻر‬١٩٦٧‫ص‬ ،١٠٨.
) ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﮫﺪ‬١٨٥٤-١٨٦٣(‫م‬
‫ﺑوﻓﺎة‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫وﺗوﻟﻲ‬‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬) ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬١٨٤٩-١٨٥٤(‫م‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺻ‬ ‫اﻋﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﺷﻬدت‬‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﺗوﻟﻲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ،‫اﻟرﻛود‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯾد‬‫اﻟذي‬
‫اﻟﺷق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻲ‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺻ‬ ‫اﻋﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﺗﻧظﯾم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯾدا‬ ‫ﺷوطﺎ‬ ‫ﻗطﻊ‬
:‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺈﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٥٤‫ﻗﺎﻧون‬ ‫أﺻدر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺗوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺛﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠو‬ ‫اﻟﺣق‬ ‫ﯾﻌطﻲ‬‫أﻏﻔﻠﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﯾد‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ،‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑدﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣدﯾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺗب‬

14.
٣٥٤‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
-‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺻدار‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻬﯾدا‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧطوة‬ ‫اﺗﺧذت‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻻﺑ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺷر‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻓرض‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﻔﺎﻟك‬‫و‬ ‫ﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫أطﻠق‬‫و‬ ،‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﺎة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﺳﻲ‬‫و‬‫اﻷ‬‫و‬‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫"اﻷ‬
."‫ﺷورﯾﺔ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬‫ﺗدﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬‫ي‬‫اﻟﻣﯾر‬ ‫ﺿرﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄطﻠق‬
"‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫"اﻷ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬١٨‫ﻣﺣرم‬١٢٧١‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬١١‫أﻛﺗوﺑر‬
١٨٥٤.‫م‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬٨‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎدى‬١٢٧١‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬٢٧‫ﯾ‬‫ﻧﺎﯾر‬١٨٥٥‫ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺻدرت‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌروﻓﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬"‫اﻟﺳﻌﯾدﯾﺔ‬ ‫"اﻟﻼﺋﺣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻼﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﻧﺻت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .
‫ﺗﻛﻠف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ،‫وﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻷﺛر‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ ‫ﻻد‬‫ﻷو‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﯾث‬‫ر‬‫ﺗو‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬

15.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٥٥
‫اﻟذﻛور‬ ‫اﺧوﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻧﺻﯾب‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻻد‬‫اﻷو‬ ‫أﻛﺑر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫اﻷرض‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺧوة‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﯾش‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻻﺑد‬‫و‬ .‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻛﻠﯾف‬‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﻣر‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯾت‬
‫ﻟﻠدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌود‬ ‫أطﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻘب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﯾﺗوﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ .‫ﺗﻬم‬‫ز‬‫ﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﺳم‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬"‫"ﻣﺣوﻟﺔ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻗد‬ ‫رﺳم‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻧظﯾر‬ ‫اﻋﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻏب‬‫ﯾر‬ ‫ﻟﻣن‬ ‫وﺗﻣﻧﺢ‬٢٤
‫اﻷﻓﺿﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬم‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ،‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺿﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠدة‬ ‫ﻷﻫﺎﻟﻲ‬‫و‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻔدان‬ ‫ﻗرﺷﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻠﯾﻪ‬ ،‫أطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻛن‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻟﻣن‬‫ﯾﺗﻘدم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ .‫ﻗﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫أطﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﻘﺿت‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫رﺳم‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻏب‬‫ﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾد‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬ ‫ﻣؤﻗﺗﺎ‬ ‫وﺿﻌت‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ﻟﻠﺣﯾﺎ‬
‫إﺳﻘﺎط‬ ‫از‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺻت‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫آﻟت‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻧ‬
‫وﯾﺗم‬ .‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﻘر‬ ‫ال‬‫و‬‫اﻷﻣ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣدﯾ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻣ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺣق‬
‫اﻹ‬‫و‬ ‫ﯾث‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗو‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺟﯾل‬.‫ﻋﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻛﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺟل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﺎط‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬٢٤‫اﻟﺣﺟﺔ‬ ‫ذي‬١٢٧٤‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬١٥‫أﻏﺳطس‬١٨٥٨‫دﻟت‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ‫م‬
‫اﻟﺳﻌﯾدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﺣﺔ‬" ‫أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾطﻠق‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫و‬"‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬‫ﺑﺣﯾث‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠف‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺣت‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﺷ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾورث‬ ‫اﻷﺛر‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺢ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ .‫اء‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛر‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ ‫وﺑﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻻد‬‫أو‬‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫ﺻﺑﺢ‬
‫اﺳﺗﺑداﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﻘرض‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻧ‬ ‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣدة‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫وﯾؤدي‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أﺷﺟﺎ‬ ‫ع‬‫ﯾزر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﯾم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺢ‬‫و‬ .‫ي‬‫أﺧر‬ ‫ﺑﺄطﯾﺎن‬
.‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻠك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻧزع‬ ‫وﺣق‬ ،‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ال‬‫ز‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟرﻗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻘوق‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻏم‬‫ر‬
‫د‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻔﻌﺔ‬‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ .‫ﻣﻣﻧوﻋﺎ‬ ‫ظل‬ ‫اﻟوﻗف‬ ‫وﺣق‬ .‫ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺎ‬ ‫ظل‬ ‫ﺗﻌوﯾض‬ ‫ون‬
‫اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻔروﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺋوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻣرت‬
.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬

16.
٣٥٦‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫ﻋﮫﺪ‬) ‫إﺳﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻳﻮي‬١٨٦٣-١٨٧٩(‫م‬
‫ﺑﺗوﻟﻲ‬‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫إﻗ‬ ‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬
‫اﻟﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬:‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
-‫دﯾﺳﻣﺑر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٦٥‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف‬ ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظم‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺻدر‬ ‫م‬
"‫"اﻟﻣﺗﺳﺣﺑﯾن‬‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﻛذﻟك‬ ،‫اﻟﺑﺎﻫظﺔ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺧﻠﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫ﯾﻬ‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗﻔظ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ .‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌﺳﻛ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺧدﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗدﻋﯾن‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف‬
.‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻋودﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻧد‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺳﺣب‬

17.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٥٧
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١٨٦٩‫وﺑﻌ‬ ‫م‬‫أﺻدر‬ ‫اب‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻧ‬ ‫ي‬‫ﺷور‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻠس‬ ‫وطﻠب‬ ‫اﻷﻋﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﻛوى‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺑﺗﻛﻠﯾف‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬‫اﻷﺛر‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ ‫أﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫أﻛﺑر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳم‬
‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أﻓ‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺄﻛﯾد‬‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﺷﺋون‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺈدا‬ ‫اﻣﻪ‬‫ز‬‫ﻟ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗوﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻫن‬‫ﯾر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟرب‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬ .‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯾت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺳ‬
‫ﺟﻣﯾ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬‫اض‬‫ر‬‫اﻧﻘ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑذﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﯾف‬ ‫وﺟﺎز‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺑب‬ ‫وﯾﻌود‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺳﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔت‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ذﻛ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫أﻧﺟﺑت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟذﻛور‬
‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯾد‬‫ات‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻔﺗت‬ ‫أدي‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫ﯾث‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗو‬
‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟور‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻔس‬ ‫اﻷﻋﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﯾدي‬ ‫ﺗوﻓر‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬٩‫ﯾوﻟﯾو‬١٨٧١‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻛﻠﯾف‬ ‫ى‬‫أﺧر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻌودة‬ ‫ﺗﻘرر‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬ ‫اﺿﻣﺣﻼل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ،‫إﻧﺎﺛﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ذﻛو‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺳ‬
.‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬١٣‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎدى‬١٢٨٨‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬٢٠‫أﻏﺳطس‬١٨٧١‫ﺻدرت‬ ‫م‬
"‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫"ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬‫أﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺔ‬ ‫ﯾدﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬدت‬ ‫اﻟذي‬‫و‬
‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﻧﺻف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻔﻲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﻘر‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧوﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﺗﻘرر‬ .‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻼ‬ ‫أطﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬‫ز‬ ‫ﺑﻌدم‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻬدت‬ ،‫اﻷﺑد‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻣ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ي‬‫اﻟﺧﯾر‬ ‫اﻟوﻗف‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ .‫ﯾث‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗو‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣق‬
.‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬١١‫ﻣﺎﯾو‬١٨٧٤‫ﺗﺣوﻟت‬ ‫م‬‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﯾﻠزم‬ ‫ي‬‫إﺟﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧون‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﯾﻊ‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ء‬‫ﺟز‬ ‫ﺗﺣول‬ ‫وﺑذﻟك‬ ،‫ﺑدﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻫﺎﻟﻲ‬‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻗﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﻔ‬ ‫اوﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌظم‬ ‫اﺧﺗﻔت‬‫و‬ ،‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﺷورﯾﺔ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬‫و‬
‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬.‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﺑﯾد‬ ‫ي‬‫اﻟﺧﯾر‬ ‫اﻟوﻗف‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫وظل‬ ،
-‫ﻓﻲ‬٧‫ﻣﺎﯾو‬١٨٧٦‫وﻓﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻲ‬ ‫م‬١٨‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧوﻓﻣﺑر‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫أﻋﯾد‬.‫ى‬‫أﺧر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬

18.
٣٥٨‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬ ‫ة‬‫ﻓﺗر‬ ‫ﺷﻬدت‬ ‫وﻗد‬
‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﯾﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬٢٥٩٩٥‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺄﺛر‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬
‫أﺳرﺗﻪ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫وﻷﻓ‬ ‫ﻟﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬١٦٢٨٥٥‫ﻧﺳﺑﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓدان‬٦٢.٦‫ﻣن‬ %
‫ﺳﺗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ارﯾﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫آﻻف‬
‫آﺧرون‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺻل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬٩١١٠٠
.‫ﻓدان‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮫﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﺮار‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻳﻮي‬

19.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٥٩
‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﺧﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫إﻗ‬ ‫رﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻل‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬‫ﺗوﻓﯾق‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬:‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
-‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬٦‫ﯾﻧﺎﯾر‬١٨٨٠‫ﺗم‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻵﺧر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫أوﻗف‬ ‫م‬
‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﻘوق‬ ‫اف‬‫ر‬‫اﻻﻋﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺣق‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﻼك‬ ‫ﻣﻌظم‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺗﻊ‬ ‫وﺑذﻟك‬ .‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬"‫اﻟرﻗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫"ﺑﻣﺎ‬‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ي‬‫ﺣﺎﺋز‬ ‫ﻋدا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗدﻓﻊ‬
-‫ﻓﻲ‬١٥‫ﯾل‬‫ر‬‫إﺑ‬١٨٩١‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗدﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ي‬‫ﺣﺎﺋز‬ ‫ﺣﺻل‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫دﻓﻌت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫أﺳوة‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘوق‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ،‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬‫ﺗوﻓﯾق‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬.
-‫ﻓﻲ‬٢٦‫ﯾل‬‫ر‬‫إﺑ‬١٨٩٣‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺳﻛﻧد‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺋﻧﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻛﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻧت‬ ‫م‬‫أن‬ ‫ﻠطﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺳﻧد‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫وﻗف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺋذان‬
‫أﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟز‬ ‫آﺧر‬ ‫ﺳﻘط‬ ‫وﻫﻛذا‬ .‫ﻟذوﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﻠوﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻣﺎداﻣت‬
‫ﻣص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣق‬.
‫ﻓﻲ‬٣‫ﺳﺑﺗﻣﺑر‬١٨٩٦‫اﻟﻣدﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋدل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧون‬ ‫ﺻدر‬
‫ﻧﺻﻬ‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺢ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘدﯾم‬‫ﺎ‬‫اﻟﺗﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﺎ‬ ‫"ﺗﺳﻣﻲ‬
"‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﺎم‬‫ﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌدﯾل‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫وﻫﻛذا‬ .
‫وﻛﺎن‬ ،‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧوﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﻟﻸرض‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ﻻﺳﺗﻘ‬
.‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬

20.
٣٦٠‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻷراﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎزة‬‫ﻟﻘﺮن‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﯿﺎزة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫راﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮن‬
-:‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣﺗوﺳط‬ ‫ﯾد‬‫ز‬‫وﯾ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﻓ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺗﻠﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﺧﻣﺳون‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ‬٢.٢،‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯾون‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗدر‬ ‫وﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬٤٠.٧.‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ %
-‫ا‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺎت‬:‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬‫ح‬‫او‬‫ر‬‫وﯾﺗ‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﻓ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺗﻠﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫ﻓدان‬ ‫وﺧﻣﺳون‬ ‫أﻓدﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗوﺳط‬
١.٨‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗدر‬ ‫وﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯾون‬٣٣.٣.‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ %
-:‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣﺗوﺳط‬ ‫وﯾﻘل‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﻓ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺗﻠﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫أﻓدﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ‬‫وﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯾون‬ ‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗدر‬١٨.٥.‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ %
) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﺟدول‬٧/٤‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫أﻋداد‬ (
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔدان‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻓﻘ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋدد‬
‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋدد‬
‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
٥٠ ٨ ٤٠٠ ٣٥٠ ٨ ٢٨٠٠
١٠٠ ٤٠ ٤٠٠٠ ٤٠٠ ٦ ٢٤٠٠
١٥٠ ٣٥ ٥٢٥٠ ٥٠٠ ٢٠ ١٠٠٠٠
٢٠٠ ٦٥ ١٣٠٠٠ ٦٠٠ ١٥ ٩٠٠٠
٢٥٠ ١٥ ٣٧٥٠ ١٠٠٠ ٢٩ ٢٩٠٠٠
٣٠٠ ٢٥ ٧٥٠٠ ٢٠٠٠ ٢ ٤٠٠٠
:‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬:‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
-،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﯾن‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫وﻋﺻر‬ ‫اﻟﻧﯾل‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾم‬‫دار‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣطﺑ‬ ،‫ـث‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﺛﺎ‬ ‫ء‬‫ـز‬‫ﺟ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـن‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻠدﯾن‬ ،
‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗب‬،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻫ‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺻ‬١٩٣٦.

21.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٦١
-‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬‫ر‬ ‫ـن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎق‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟﻸﻧ‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﺣﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬‫أ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬ‬‫أوﻗﻔ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬‫و‬ :‫ـﺎف‬‫ﻗ‬‫اﻷو‬
‫ـﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺟﻣ‬ ‫ـت‬‫ـ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺑﻠ‬ ‫ـد‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬‫و‬ .‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟو‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧﯾ‬ ‫ـﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬‫اﻟﺟﻣﻌ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ـد‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎ‬٠.٤‫ـون‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﻣﻠ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻗدر‬ ‫وﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓدان‬٧.٥.‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ %
-‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺗ‬ ‫ـت‬‫ﻠ‬‫ظ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ـﺎﺣﺎت‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬‫و‬ :‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷﻣﯾ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻼك‬.‫ـﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟدو‬ ‫ـد‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ـد‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬‫و‬ ،"‫"اﻟﻣﺗروك‬ ‫وﺗﺳﻣﻲ‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫أﺻوﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻌود‬
‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫وﺗﺿم‬ ."‫"اﻟدوﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫أطﻠق‬ ‫اﻟﻘرن‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻧد‬ ،"‫ﺑﺎح‬ُ‫"اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫أطﻠق‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯾد‬
‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫إ‬ ‫ـﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﺑﺎﻹ‬ ،‫ـﻼﺣﻬﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟدو‬ ‫ـوم‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﺗﻧﻘﻌﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻟﻣ‬‫و‬ ‫ـرك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻣوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫أطﯾﺎن‬
‫ﺟدول‬) ‫رﻗم‬٨/٤‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺧدﯾوي‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ (
.‫اﻟﻬﺟرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫ﻟﺳﻧ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻓﻘ‬
‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔدان‬
‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔدان‬
‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔدان‬
١٢٧٩ ١٩٥٢٦ ١٢٨٥ ٥٠٠ ١٢٩١ ---
١٢٨٠ ٩٤٠٥٣ ١٢٨٦ ٩٧١٠ ١٢٩٢ ٨٠
١٢٨١ ١٠٠٢٢١ ١٢٨٧ ٤٨٤٠ ١٢٩٣ ٣٢٦٨
١٢٨٢ ١٧٦٥١ ١٢٨٨ ٢٦٩٠ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬٢٥٩٩٥٥‫ﻓدان‬
١٢٨٣ ٥٩٠٠ ١٢٨٩ ---
١٢٨٤ --- ١٢٩٠ ١٥١٦
:‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ :‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
-،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﯾن‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫وﻋﺻر‬ ‫اﻟﻧﯾل‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾم‬‫دار‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣطﺑ‬ ،‫ـث‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻟﺛﺎ‬ ‫ء‬‫ـز‬‫ﺟ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـن‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻠدﯾن‬ ،
،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻫ‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺻ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗب‬١٩٣٦.‫م‬

22.
٣٦٢‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬١/٤‫اﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻛل‬ : (،‫ﻋﺷر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘرن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺻف‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﻟﺣﯾﺎز‬ ‫م‬١٨٤٤،‫م‬
.‫اﻟزﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺋوﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺳﺑﺗﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟف‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻘدﯾرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺿﯾﺎع‬ ‫ع‬‫ار‬‫ز‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ة‬‫ﺻﻐﯾر‬
‫أﺛرﯾﺔ‬
‫أرض‬
‫اﻷوﺳﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺳﻣوح‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫اﻷوﻗﺎف‬‫ﻋﻬد‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻔﺎﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎطب‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﺎن‬
١٢٠٦ ١٣٩٦ ٣٣٤ ١٠١٠ ٢٠٠ ٦٨٨‫أﻟف‬‫ﻓدان‬ ٦٠٠
% ٢٢.٢ ٢٥.٧ ٦.١ ١٨.٦ ٣.٧ ١٢.٧ ١١.٠
) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬٢/٤،‫ﻋﺷر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘرن‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﻟﺣﯾﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻛل‬ : (١٨٩٦،‫م‬
.‫اﻟزﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺋوﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺳﺑﺗﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﯾون‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻘدﯾرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬‫و‬
‫اﻟﺟﻔﺎﻟك‬ + ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻣوح‬ + ‫اﻷﺛرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟوﻗف‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫اﻷﻣﻼك‬
‫اﻷ‬‫ﻣﯾرﯾﺔ‬
‫ة‬‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺑر‬ )٥٠(‫ﻓدان‬
‫ﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺎت‬
)٥<٥٠( ‫ﻓدان‬
‫ة‬‫ﺻﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﺻﻐر‬ )٥( ‫ﻓدان‬
٠.٤
‫ﻣﻠﯾون‬
‫ﻓدان‬٢.٢‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯾون‬ ١.٨‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯾون‬ ١.٠‫ﻓدان‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯾون‬
% ٤٠.٧ ٣٣.٣ ١٨.٦ ٧.٤
‫اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸراﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫ﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻏم‬‫ﺑﺎﻟر‬‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫ﻧب‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أطﯾﺎﻧ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﯾم‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﺣ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﺧرق‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺎدر‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫ﺑﻣوﺟب‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻘرت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎدﯾﺎت‬٥
‫ﻣﺣرم‬١٢٥٨‫اﯾر‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﺷﻬر‬ ‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬١٨٤٢‫ﺣق‬ ‫اﻷﺑﺎﻋد‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺑﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف‬‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﺗﻌﻬ‬ ‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾق‬ ‫وﻋﻧد‬ .‫ﻓﺎت‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﺻ‬ ‫اع‬‫و‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﯾﺿ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻬم‬ ‫آﻟت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻌﺳ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﻟﻘر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫ﺑﺳداد‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧب‬
‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺻدور‬ ‫وﺑﻌد‬ .‫د‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻣر‬‫و‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺑﻣوﺟب‬
‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬١٨٥٨‫ﻧﺷﺎط‬ ‫اﺗﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻷ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫اﺳﺗﻘ‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧب‬

23.
.‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﺣﯾﺎز‬٣٦٣
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻛﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻣﻠﻛﻬم‬ ‫أدى‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﻋﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣوﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺑﻣوﺟب‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺳداد‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺟز‬ ‫ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫أﺻد‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯾد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬١٥‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎدي‬١٢٧٥‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬١٨٥٨‫ﺑﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫م‬
‫وﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻋﺷو‬ ‫أطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗروك‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬١٩‫اﻵﺧر‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻊ‬‫ر‬
١٢٧٧‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬٤‫ﻧوﻓﻣﺑر‬١٩٨٦‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻘطن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﺢ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﺳ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻗم‬‫ر‬ ‫اﻟﺑد‬ ‫ﻟﻧص‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻠﻛوﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﺑذﻟك‬ ،‫إﻟﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻔﻌﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗؤول‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬١٢‫ﻣن‬
‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺻﺎد‬ ‫اﻷطﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‬١٨٥٨‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺳب‬ ‫أﺟﺎز‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎد‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻹدا‬ ‫ﺗﻛن‬ ‫وﻟم‬ .‫ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫اﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬ِ‫اﻟﺧ‬‫ﺑل‬ ،‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫ات‬‫ز‬‫ﺣﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌدي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ﻟﻐﺿب‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻌرض‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻗدر‬ ‫أﻛﺑر‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﯾر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﺟﺑ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻵﺧ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎدي‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎﺻل‬١٢٧٢‫اﯾر‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺑ‬ ‫اﻓق‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬١٨٥٦‫ﺑﺗرﻛﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺻدر‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺔ‬ُ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫اﻧﯾن‬‫و‬‫ﻟﻠﻘ‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟﺧﺿو‬ ‫ﺑﺷرط‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺢ‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧون‬
‫اﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫اﻟﻣﻔروﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﺋب‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺿ‬ ‫أداء‬‫و‬
‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠطﺔ‬١٨٧٦‫ﻋن‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻋﺟز‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ع‬‫ﻧز‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫دﯾوﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﺳداد‬١٨٨٣‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫م‬
٢٢.٠٤٧‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫وﺑﻠﻐت‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬ ‫أﻟف‬١٨٨٤‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫م‬١٨.١٤٨‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫وﺑﻠﻐت‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬
١٨٨٥‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫م‬١٧.٨٢٨‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓدان‬ ‫أﻟف‬١٨٨٦‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫م‬١٢.٩٦٩
‫اﻧﯾن‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫وﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﯾﺎ‬‫ز‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣﺗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻣر‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫ﻓدان‬ ‫أﻟف‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫اﻧﯾﻧﻬﺎ‬‫و‬‫وﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫أﻟﻐﯾت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫أﺣﻛﺎم‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠطﺔ‬
١٤٩٤‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ .‫م‬١٨٨٧‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫م‬
٢٢٥.١٨١‫أﻟف‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻓدان‬٥٧٣.٨١٩‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓدان‬ ‫أﻟف‬١٨٩٦.‫م‬

24.
٣٦٤‫ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺣت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬
‫ان‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻌﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣؤﻟف‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻧﻘ‬‫اﻋﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﺿﻲ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻸ‬ ‫اﻟﻔردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ﻗ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺷﺄة‬
‫ﻣﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻹﺳﻛﻧد‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﺷر‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠطﺑﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫رؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫دار‬ ،٢٠١٣.‫م‬