This document discusses different types of lipids. It describes triglycerides as lipids obtained from food sources of fat that include cooking oils, butter, and animal fat. It also mentions non-triglyceride lipids include hormones and cholesterol. Complex lipids discussed are phospholipids and lipoproteins. Glycerides and phospholipids are described as the main types of lipids found in cell membranes, with glycerides being neutral fats and phospholipids being polar lipids that help control movement into and out of cells. Sphingolipids are also discussed as a class of non-glyceride lipids found in brain and nerve cell membranes containing sphingosine.

1. LIPIDS 2nd
Dr Asma Yaqoob

2.  Triglycerides. Triglycerides are lipids you obtain from food sources of fat,
such as cooking oils, butter and animal fat.
 Non triglycerides. are a type of lipid that includes hormones and cholesterol.
 Complex lipids: Phospholipids, Lipoprotein

3. Glycerides Glycerides, more correctly known as
acylglycerols, are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids.
Neutral glycerides (non polar)
Triacylglycerol –are carboxylic acid triesters of glycerols. They
are a major source of biochemical energy.

4.  Lipids that are ester or amides of fatty acids

5. Phosphoglycerides/ Phospholipid
 Phosphoglycerides are polar lipids. They differ from
triglycerides in that one of the ester bonds on the glycerol moiety
is esterified to charged phosphate instead of an acyl group
 They help to control the flow of molecules into and out of to cells.
R

7. Non-glycerides
Non-glyceride Lipids are a second type of lipid found in cell
membranes, particularly nerve cells and brain tissues. They do not
contain glycerol, but retain the two alcohols with the middle position
occupied by an amine.

8. Waxes – are carboxylic acid esters where both R groups are long
straight hydrocarbon chain (high molecular weight). Performs external
protective functions.
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9. Sphingolipid
Sphingolipids are a class of non glycerides lipids containing a backbone of
sphingoid bases, a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine. It
occur chiefly in the cell membranes of the brain and nervous tissue.
Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino
alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part
of sphingolipids
Sphingolipids
Sphingomyelin Phospholipid
Glycolipid

10. In sphingosine, the hydrophobic region consists of a long chain sphingoid
base with generally 18 carbons, such as sphingosine, which is linked to the
acyl group of a fatty acid via an amide bond (R). The hydrophilic region (R1)
consists in the simplest case of a hydroxyl group in the case of ceramide.
OR1
2
OH
1
2
3