2. Definition
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production.
The meat of mature or almost mature cattle is
mostly known as beef.
In beef production there are three main stages:
cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot
operations.
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3. The beef cattle industry is one of the least
develop among the livestock and poultry
industries in the country.
As of January 2020, cattle inventory has only
increased at a rate of 3% per year. The total
cattle inventory, 94.1 percent were raised in
backyard farms while the remaining 5.9 percent
were from commercial farms.
Per capita annual consumption of beef from
2006 to 2018 was 3.15 kg.
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4. PROBLEMS OF THE BEEF INDUSTRY
BACKYARD Cattle raising:
Credit
livestock loan program are characterized by stringent
lending policies and procedure, especially those pertaining
to collateral requirements, interest rates and repayment
period.
Marketing
inadequate market information system; poor transport
facilities in rural areas;
high cost of transport and handling and low farm gate
prices due to extended and costly marketing channels.
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5. PROBLEMS OF THE BEEF INDUSTRY
Production
farmers are not very receptive to new and/or
recommended production technologies.
inefficient utilization of crop residues and farm
byproducts and low quality forage feed on cut-and-carry
system of feeding.
animals used for draft purposes subsist mainly on poor
quality roughages during peak of farm operations when
good quality feeds are necessary for energy replenishment.
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6. PROBLEMS OF THE BEEF INDUSTRY
COMMERCIAL Cattle raising:
Credit
shortage of long term financing program for cattle
ranching; high equity requirements for medium to large
ranches.
Marketing
low farm gate prices which discourage commercial
raisers to improve production; inaccessibility of ranches
(lack of farm-to-market roads) and inadequate market
information system.
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7. PROBLEMS OF THE BEEF INDUSTRY
Production
lack of quality breeding stock due to
inefficient cattle breeding management and marginal
quality of existing stock;
low yield and quality of native pasture species;
inadequate government incentive program on
improving production;
pasture tenure,
squatters and
peace and order problems;
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8. From 2018 to 2020, average annual growth rate
of backyard farm was 1.4 per year.
The top three regions, in terms of inventory,
were Ilocos Region, Central Visayas and
CALABARZON.
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9. BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Ranching or Extensive system
Cow-calf operation
Aims: to produce stockers and feeders
the initial and most fundamental step in the
beef enterprise is the production of the claves
and raising it to weaning age.
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10. BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Ranching or Extensive
system
Purebreed Program or
Breeder Farm Operation
Aims: to produce breeder
stocks to be sold to other
ranchers.
highly specialized
from of beef production
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11. Cow-calf operation
mainly family owned and
operated
involve keeping mature cattle to
produce calves to sell to other
producers.
2 classification:
1.commercial cow-calf producer
2.seedstock breeders
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12. Components of Cow-calf operation
pasture ground
a few facilities for calving
Feeds and mineral supplements
feed storage and handling
creep feeding
supplies and equipment
calf processing and loading facilities
office
cattle
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17. Creep feeding
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can be used to offset
declining forage quality
and quantity.
can cause over-
development of the
udder or fatty udders,
resulting in lowered
lifetime milk production
of replacements going
into the cowherd.
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22. Cattle Cycle
• Cow-calf: Beef cows will produce calves
that are born and raised on cow-calf
farms and ranches.
• Weaning: Calves are separated from
their mothers between 6 to 8 months of
age.
• Livestock Markets: after weaning many
calves leave the farm or ranch where they
were born to be sold at the market at 6 to
12 months of age.
• Stockers and Backgrounders: between
6 to 12 months of age, cattle will spend
time grazing pastures. Here, they gain
weight and convert forage and grass into
lean protein.
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23. Cattle Cycle
• Feedyard: Cattle will spend 4 to 6
months at a feedyard being fed a
balance diet of grain and
roughage(hay). Monitored by
cowboys, veterinarians and
nutritionist.
• Packing Plant: Cattle will sent to a
packer/processing facility to be
harvested and processed.
• Grocery Store: The stores displays
and offers packages of meat
consumers.
• Plate: Consumers prepare and enjoy
eating meat as a part of healthy diet.
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24. BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Feedlot Fattening Operation (Intensive system)
Objective: to add weight to the animal and increase it’s
value.
Important to the livestock industry of the Philippines for
three main reasons:
1. It provides the farmer with extra income
2. It gives him a year-round work and allow the use of
cheap, plentiful farm by products such as corn
stovers, hay, silage, rice straw, copra meal, rice bran
and sugarcane top which might otherwise be wasted.
3. It helps to meet the urgent demand for high-protein
foods in the Filipino diet.
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26. BACKYARD CATTLE RAISING
Backyard Sector – 92% of the total cattle population
Backyard cattle raising is characterized by the ff:
a. 1 or 2 heads of either fattening or breeding cattle is raised
on a farmer’s space time.
b. Farmers usually tethers animal to graze around the home
lot and then supplements this with farm wastes like rice
straw or corn stover/stalks when back in pain.
c. Others practice soiling and supplementing with ipil-ipil
(leucaena leucocephala), as a source of protein, and rice
bran, corn bran, or cops meal at 1-2 kg/animal and,
d. In Batangs, force feeding (supa or supak) of feed mixture of
common practice among backyard cattle raisers.
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27. INSTRUCTION FOR MODULE 1 & 2
• Module 1
Look for a government program on one of the following topics listed below.
Prepare a video presentation and discuss the government program/s.
1. Research and Development Agenda
2. Breeding Program
3. Introduction of improved management and practices
4. Assisted reproduction or Embryo Transfer
5. Program on Native Animals
6. Innovations
7. Feed Cost Reduction
8. Animal Health
9. Climate Change
10. Dairy Roadmap
11. Farm to Market Linkage
12. Related Policies
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Note: You may include in your
discussion the beneficiaries of
government program/s and how they
implement it.
28. INSTRUCTION FOR MODULE 1 & 2
• Module 2
Visit a local beef cow herd, collect data on the size of the
herd, system of production used, and available feeds.
Talk with local beef cow herd operators to find out how
they care for the cows and calves at calving time and up to
weaning. Make a PowerPoint presentation on practices they
used in the area and recommend any improvements that
you feel are needed.
Survey beef cow herd operators in the community to
determine the system of production used locally. Find out
why the farmers use these systems.
Prepare and present oral reports on a phase of beef cow-
calf herd operations that interest you.
Observe and assist in the castration, dehorning,
vaccination, and identification marking of calves.
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29. SIZE OF THE
HERD
SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION USED AVAILABLE FEEDS
Minimum of 15
heads ito
Ranching or Extensive system/Feedlot
Fattening Operation
Grass /Grain
30 heads Ranching or Extensive Grass
GRASS-FED Sources
Grasses: bluegrass, ryegrass, bermudagrass, fescue, Timothy grass, foxtail, sorghum,
bromegrass, orchardgrass, quackgrass, and canarygrass—are commonly planted in pastures
and almost always play a fundamental role in the diet of grass-fed cows.
Non-grass plants:legumes like alfalfa, vetch, sainfoin, and birdsfoot trefoil as well as red,
white, and crimson clover
GRAIN-Fed Sources
Concentrates: corn gluten, distillers grains, soybean hulls, citrus pulp, molasses, beet pulp,
and other ingredients.
higher-calorie, fat/oil-based components: cottonseed meal or linseed meal together with
grow-supporting vitamin/mineral combinations.
MODULE 2 SLA #1
30. Your PowerPoint presentation content must include the following
observation:
• Care and Management of cow-calf during calving time.
• Briefly discuss the practices they used. At least 50 words
• Make a recommendation if there is a need for improvements on the
practices they used.
Example of Care & management of cow-calf:
Of the operations that regularly observed heifers during calving, 27%
checked one time/day and 39% observed heifers three or more times a
day.
On operations that regularly observe cows during calving, 40% checked
once daily and 28% checked three or more times/day.
Health management is an important part of ensuring calves get a strong
start. Separating pairs from pregnant cows can assist in checking new
calves and can reduce pathogen
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MODULE 2 SLA #2
31. Survey beef cow herd operators in the community to
determine the system of production used locally. Find out
why the farmers use these systems.
This activity determines the system of production used.
1. Cow-calf
2. backgrounding
3. feedlot fattening
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MODULE 2 SLA #3
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32. Prepare and present oral reports on a phase of beef cow-
calf herd operations that interest you.
Here is the link that may redirect you to understand beef
cow-calf herd operations.
https://www.uaex.edu/publications/pdf/mp184/Chapter
2.pdf
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MODULE 2 SLA #4
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33. Observe and assist in the castration, dehorning,
vaccination, and identification marking of calves.
Here is the link that may help you
https://youtu.be/aVWwlbwMWXE
https://youtu.be/g5DQjCvepiY
https://youtu.be/iSQBTbDrSs8
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MODULE 2 SLA #5
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34. Please be reminded that the submission of your
SLA is on the 5th day of September(Friday).
You may submit SLA on my university email
margie.bibat@urs.edu.ph
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35. REFERENCES
Ken Root, March 29, 2018, USDA: No consolidation in cow-calf operations for five years,
Retrieved from https://www.iowaagribusinessradionetwork.com/usda-no-consolidation-
in-cow-calf-operations-for-five-years/
CAERT, Inc., Types of Beef Cattle Operations—Part One, Retrived from www.pdf.com
Green Emphire PH Licensure Examination in Agriculture
Deke Alkire, Jun. 1, 2011, Cattle Handling Facilities, Retrieved from
https://www.noble.org/news/publications/ag-news-and-views/2011/june/cattle-
handling-facilities/
• Kansas Foundation for Agriculture, Beef Life Cycle – Kansas Foundation for Agriculture,
Retrieved from https://ksagclassroom.org/education-center/resources/beef-life-cycle/
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coopfe.com%2FNews%2F
CFE-News-Folder%2FShortage-in-Dried-Distillers-Grains-
(DDGs)&psig=AOvVaw2XVbIlema9YRBOEjzT1xfQ&ust=1599061138507000&source=imag
es&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCLCY05OlyOsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAV
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36. REFERENCES
• Department of Agriculture, Inauguration of Cattle Production, Breeding, and
Training Center in Isabela, Retrieved from
https://www.da.gov.ph/gallery/inauguration-of-cattle-production-breeding-and-
training-center-in-isabela/
• USAID, FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION HANDBOOK, Retrieved from
http://www.uvas.edu.pk/doc/advisory_services/handbook/FeedlotManagement
.pdf
• Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines, Cattle Situation
Report, April-June 2020, Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/livestock-poultry-
iprs/cattle
• http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~gking/Ag_2350/beef.htm
• Tech Insider, Nov 1, 2017, Did You Know These Products Are Made From Cows?,
retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGwoOihpBOY&pbjreload=101
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbp.ph%2Fdevel
opmental-banking%2Fmicro-small-and-medium-enterprises%2Fsustainable-
agribusiness-financing-program-
safp%2F&psig=AOvVaw2dZrHJmg7XBJ1_DYpYou2h&ust=1599049123456000&
source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCNju7q74x-
sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAK
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