The document summarizes various English grammar topics including passive voices, present perfect, relative pronouns, second conditional, and reported speech. It provides examples and exercises for changing sentences between active and passive voice, forming sentences in the present perfect tense, using relative pronouns such as who, which, and that, constructing conditional sentences, and changing direct speech to reported speech by modifying pronouns, verbs, and punctuation.

1. English II Revision
Passive Voices
Present Perfect
Relative Pronouns
Second Conditional
Reported Speech

2. Passive Voices
• Present Simple
From: v.1 (s,es)
To: is, am, are + v.3
• Past Simple
From: V.2
To: was, were + v.3

3. Passive Voices
Tom washes a car.
• 1.
‘by’
A car……(washes)………………by Tom.
• 2. verb to be (is, am, are, was, were, be)
A car is…(washes)…..by Tom.
• 3. 3
A car is washed by Tom.

4. Exercise
• The teacher punished the boy
___________________________________________
• The painters are painting our house
___________________________________________
• Emily and Bills are doing the exercises
___________________________________________
• Students respect teachers.
___________________________________________
• The school informs parents about students’ outcome.
___________________________________________
• Harry sent the letter yesterday.
___________________________________________

5. Present Perfect
• Subject + have/ has + verb 3
• Subject + have/ has (not)+ verb 3
• Have/ Has + Subject + verb 3?

6. V.3 ( ed )
V.Infinitive V.3 (ed)
• walk / talk • walked / talked
• move / love • moved / loved
• stay / play • stayed / played
• study / try • studied / tried

7. Present Perfect
• Yet =
• Just =
have/has
• Already =
have/has

8. Exercise
• My passport _____ (just/arrive).
• _____ you _____ (call) Tim yet?
• She _____ (already/finish) writing the letters.
• I _____ (never/be) to Australia.
• We _____ (buy) a new lamp.
• She _____ (not/see) him for a long time.

9. Relative Pronouns
• Who =
– The girl who drinks milk every day is my
daughter.
• Which = ,
– She has a magazine which you want.
• Where =
– The hotel where we stayed was very clean.
• That = who which

10. Who, Which, Where, Whose, When
• March is the month ______ people pay tax.
• The boy ______ comes here every day is my friend.
• The woman ______ is cooking is my aunt.
• The 1960s is the time ______ people live in peace.
• I haven't seen Frank, ______ brother is five, for a long time.
• The country ______ I was born is Thailand.
• The lady ______ skirt is long is my mother.
• Is this the shirt ______ you wore yesterday ?
• Do you have a book ______ is about English?
• The house ______ we live is big.
• This is the necklace ______ I gave her.
• Do you know the man ______ parents are doctors ?
• The first of January is ______ we celebrate New Year.

11. Join the sentences on the left with those on
the right using who, which or where
1. Do you know a shop? a. He lives next door.
2. I know somebody. b. A murder happened at a flat.
3. I want some plates. c. He/She deals with exports.
4. I was at school with the man. d. We stayed here last year.
5. I’d like to speak to the person. e. It needs to be eaten.
6. She’s got friendly with a boy. f. It sells good coffee.
7. The police haven’t found the flat. g. They last for years.
8. There’s some cheese in the fridge. h. She could mend that chair.
9. We’ve got some light bulbs. i. They can go in the microwave.
10. This is the hotel. j. He is driving that taxi.
www.kwary.net

12. Join the sentences on the left with those on
the right using who or which (answers)
1. Do you know a shop which sells good coffee?
2. I know somebody who could mend that chair.
3. I want some plates which can go in the microwave.
4. I was at school with the man Who is driving that taxi.
5. I’d like to speak to the person who deals with exports.
6. She’s got friendly with a boy who lives next door.
7. The police haven’t found the man who stole my car.
8. There’s some cheese in the fridge which needs to be eaten
9. We’ve got some light bulbs which last for years.
10. This is the switch which isn’t working.
www.kwary.net

13. Second Conditional
• If + S + verb 2 , S + would + v. inf.
• If he _____ (know) about the party, he _____
(come).
• If I _____(be) you, I _____(not/go) to Chiang
Mai.
• If Tom _____(not/come), Mary _____ (be) sad.
• If Scott _____(not/be) late, I _____(not/ask)
for your help.

14. Reported speech
1. Change say / tell to
1.He/She said that ……..
2.He/she told me that ……
2. Take comma ( , ) and quotation mark ( “……”) out.
3. Change pronouns and possessive adjectives
4. Change the verb form to past form

15. Verb form
Present Simple (V.1) Past Simple (v.2)
Present Cont. Past cont.
(S.+ is / am / are + v.ing) (s.+ was / were + v.ing)
S. + will + v.inf S. + would + v.inf
S. + can + v.inf S. + could + v.inf
S. + is / am / are + going to S. + was / were + going to

16. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Pronouns Pronouns
I he / she
We they
You I ( subject)
me ( object)
Possessive Adj. Possessive Adj.
my his / her
our their
your my

17. Exercise: Change the direct speech into reported speech
• Peter said, “I don’t see my aunt very often.”
• Alice told me, “I can cook Japanese food.”
• Maureen said, “My boy is studying five days a week.”
• Robert told me, “Your children can’t do my test.”
• Nancy said, “I am going to work at Hatyai Hospital same as my
parents.”
• Victor and Maria told me, “We will pay for your ticket.”

18. • MR. Bond said, “ I can earn $2,500 a week”
• John and Helen told me, “ We will give all our
money to a charity”
• Hillary said, “ I am working for my husband”
• William said, “ My girlfriend is coming back
from America”
• Christina told me, “ I have to look after my
child 24 hours a day”

19. • Vicky told me, “ I am going to have a baby
for my family”
• Simon said, “ I will buy a new car for you”
• Mark and James said, “ We go for a walk
every evening”
• Roger said, “ My cat is eating my food”
• Colin told me, “ I decide to move to my new
house in Phuket”