Top 100 .NET Interview Questions and Answers

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.NET
TOP 100
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

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hirist
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Whatis.NET?
2
QUESTION
.NETisessentiallyaframeworkforsoftwaredevelopment.Itissimilarinnaturetoanyothersoftwaredevelopmentframework(J2EEetc)inthatitprovidesasetofruntimecontainers/capabilities,andarichsetofpre-builtfunctionalityintheformofclasslibrariesandAPIs
The.NETFrameworkisanenvironmentforbuilding,deploying,andrunningWebServicesandotherapplications.Itconsistsofthreemainparts:theCommonLanguageRuntime,theFrameworkclasses,andASP.NET.
ANSWER
QUESTION 1

hirist
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Howmanylanguages.NETissupportingnow?
3
QUESTION
When.NETwasintroduceditcamewithseverallanguages.VB.NET,C#,COBOLandPerl,etc.ThesiteDotNetLanguages.Netsays44languagesaresupported.
ANSWER
QUESTION 2

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Howis.NETabletosupportmultiplelanguages?
4
QUESTION
AlanguageshouldcomplywiththeCommonLanguageRuntimestandardtobecomea.NETlanguage.In.NET, codeiscompiledtoMicrosoftIntermediateLanguage(MSILforshort).ThisiscalledasManagedCode.ThisManagedcodeisrunin.NETenvironment.SoaftercompilationtothisILthelanguageisnotabarrier.Acodecancalloruseafunctionwritteninanotherlanguage.
ANSWER
QUESTION 3

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HowdoyouvalidatethecontrolsinanASP.NETpage?
5
QUESTION
Usingspecialvalidationcontrolsthataremeantforthis.WehaveRangeValidator,EmailValidator.
ANSWER
QUESTION 4

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Canthevalidationbedoneintheserverside?OrthiscanbedoneonlyintheClientside?
6
QUESTION
Clientsideisdonebydefault.Serversidevalidationisalsopossible.Wecanswitchofftheclientsideandserversidecanbedone.
ANSWER
QUESTION 5

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WhatareAttributes?
7
QUESTION
Attributesaredeclarativetagsincodethatinsertadditionalmetadataintoanassembly.Thereexisttwotypesofattributesinthe.NETFramework:PredefinedattributessuchasAssemblyVersion,whichalreadyexistandareaccessedthroughtheRuntimeClasses;andcustomattributes,whichyouwriteyourselfbyextendingtheSystem.Attributeclass.
ANSWER
QUESTION 6

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WhatisWeb.config?
8
QUESTION
InclassicASPallWebsiterelatedinformationwasstoredinthemetadataofIIS.ThishadthedisadvantagethatremoteWebdeveloperscouldn'teasilymakeWeb-siteconfigurationchanges.Forexample,ifyouwanttoaddacustom404errorpage,asettingneedstobemadethroughtheIISadmintool,andyou'reWebhostwilllikelychargeyouaflatfeetodothisforyou.WithASP.NET,however,thesesettingsaremovedintoanXML-formattedtextfile(Web.config)thatresidesintheWebsite'srootdirectory.ThroughWeb.configyoucanspecifysettingslikecustom404errorpages,authenticationandauthorizationsettingsfortheWebsitempilationoptionsfortheASP.NETWebpages,iftracingshouldbeenabled,etc.
TheWeb.configfileisanXML-formattedfile.Attherootlevelisthetag.Insidethistagyoucanaddanumberofothertags,themostcommonandusefulonebeingthesystem.webtag,whereyouwillspecifymostoftheWebsiteconfigurationparameters.However,tospecifyapplication-widesettingsyouusethetag.
Forexample,ifwewantedtoaddadatabaseconnectionstringparameterwecouldhaveaWeb.configfilelikeso.
ANSWER
QUESTION 7

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ExplainwhatrelationshipisbetweenaProcess,ApplicationDomain,andApplication?
9
QUESTION
EachprocessisallocateditsownblockofavailableRAMspace,noprocesscanaccessanotherprocess‟codeordata.Iftheprocesscrashes,itdiesalonewithouttakingtheentireOSorabunchofotherapplicationsdown.
Aprocessisaninstanceofarunningapplication.Anapplicationisanexecutableontheharddriveornetwork. Therecanbenumerousprocesseslaunchedofthesameapplication(5copiesofWordrunning),but1processcanrunjust1application.
ANSWER
QUESTION 8

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Whatisaformatter?
10
QUESTION
Aformatterisanobjectthatisresponsibleforencodingandserializingdataintomessagesononeend,anddeserializinganddecodingmessagesintodataontheotherend.
ANSWER
QUESTION 9

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WhatisDelegation?
11
QUESTION
Adelegateactslikeastronglytypefunctionpointer.Delegatescaninvokethemethodsthattheyreferencewithoutmakingexplicitcallstothosemethods.
Delegateisanentitythatisentrustedwiththetaskofrepresentation,assignorpassingoninformation.Incodesense,itmeansaDelegateisentrustedwithaMethodtoreportinformationbacktoitwhenacertaintask(whichtheMethodexpects)isaccomplishedoutsidetheMethod'sclass.
ANSWER
QUESTION 10

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Writeaquerytofindthetotalnumberofrowsinatable?
12
QUESTION
Selectcount(*)fromt_employee;
ANSWER
QUESTION 11

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Writeaquerytoeliminateduplicaterecordsintheresultsofatable?
13
QUESTION
Selectdistinct*fromt_employee;
ANSWER
QUESTION 12

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Writeaquerytoinsertarecordintoatable?
14
QUESTION
Insertintot_employeevalues('empid35','Barack','Obama');
ANSWER
QUESTION 13

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Writeaquerytodeletearecordfromatable?
15
QUESTION
deletefromt_employeewhereid='empid35';
ANSWER
QUESTION 14

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Writeaquerytodisplayarowusingindex?
16
QUESTION
Forthis,theindexedcolumnofthetableneedstobesetasaparameterinthe
whereclause
select*fromt_employeewhereid='43';
ANSWER
QUESTION 15

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Writeaquerytofetchthehighestrecordinatable,basedonarecord,saysalaryfieldinthet_salarytable?
17
QUESTION
Selectmax(salary)fromt_salary;
ANSWER
QUESTION 16

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Writeaquerytofetchthefirst3charactersofthefielddesignationfromthetablet_employee?
18
QUESTION
Selectsubstr(designation,1,3)fromt_employee;--Noteherethatthesubstrfunctionhasbeenused.
ANSWER
QUESTION 17

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Writeaquerytoconcatenatetwofields,sayDesignationandDepartmentbelongingtoatablet_employee?
19
QUESTION
SelectDesignation+„„+Departmentfromt_employee;
ANSWER
QUESTION 18

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WhatisthedifferencebetweenUNIONandUNIONALLinSQL?
20
QUESTION
UNIONisanSQLkeywordusedtomergetheresultsoftwoormoretablesusingaSelectstatement,containingthesamefields,withremovedduplicatevalues.UNIONALLdoesthesame,howeveritpersistsduplicatevalues.
ANSWER
QUESTION 19

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Ifthereare4SQLSelectstatementsjoinedusingUnionandUnionAll,howmanytimesshouldaUnionbeusedtoremoveduplicaterows?
21
QUESTION
Onetime.
ANSWER
QUESTION 20

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ExplainthedifferencesbetweenServer-sideandClient-sidecode?
22
QUESTION
Serversidecodewillexecuteatserver(wherethewebsiteishosted)end,&allthebusinesslogicwillexecuteatserverendwhereasclientsidecodewillexecuteatclientside(usuallywritteninjavascript,vbscript,jscript)atbrowserend.
ANSWER
QUESTION 21

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Whattypeofcode(serverorclient)isfoundinaCode-Behindclass?
23
QUESTION
Serversidecode.
ANSWER
QUESTION 22

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Howtomakesurethatvalueisenteredinanasp:Textboxcontrol?
24
QUESTION
UseaRequiredFieldValidatorcontrol.
ANSWER
QUESTION 23

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Whichpropertyofavalidationcontrolisusedtoassociateitwithaservercontrolonthatpage?
25
QUESTION
ControlToValidateproperty.
ANSWER
QUESTION 24

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HowwouldyouimplementinheritanceusingVB.NET&C#?
26
QUESTION
C#DerivedClass:Baseclass
VB.NEt:DerivedClassInheritsBaseclass
ANSWER
QUESTION 25

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WhichmethodisinvokedontheDataAdaptercontroltoloadthegenerateddatasetwithdata?
27
QUESTION
Fill()method.
ANSWER
QUESTION 26

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Howmanywayscanwemaintainthestateofapage?
28
QUESTION
1.ClientSide-Querystring,hiddenvariables,viewstate,cookies
2.Serverside-application,cache,context,session,database
ANSWER
QUESTION 27

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Whatistheuseofamulticastdelegate?
29
QUESTION
Amulticastdelegatemaybeusedtocallmorethanonemethod.
ANSWER
QUESTION 28

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WhatistheuseofSingletonpattern?
30
QUESTION
ASingletonpattern.isusedtomakesurethatonlyoneinstanceofaclassexists.
ANSWER
QUESTION 29

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Whatisencapsulation?
31
QUESTION
EncapsulationistheOOPsconceptofbindingtheattributesandbehaviorsinaclass,hidingtheimplementationoftheclassandexposingthefunctionality.
ANSWER
QUESTION 30

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Whatisadatatype?Howmanytypesofdatatypesaretherein.NET?
32
QUESTION
Adatatypeisadatastorageformatthatcancontainaspecifictypeorrangeofvalues.Wheneveryoudeclarevariables, eachvariablemustbeassignedaspecificdatatype.Somecommondatatypesincludeintegers,floatingpoint, characters,andstrings.Thefollowingarethetwotypesofdatatypesavailablein.NET:
Valuetype-Referstothedatatypethatcontainsthedata.Inotherwords,theexactvalueorthedataisdirectlystoredinthisdatatype.Itmeansthatwhenyouassignavaluetypevariabletoanothervariable,thenitcopiesthevalueratherthancopyingthereferenceofthatvariable.Whenyoucreateavaluetypevariable,asinglespaceinmemoryisallocatedtostorethevalue(stackmemory).Primitivedatatypes,suchasint,float,andcharareexamplesofvaluetypevariables.
Referencetype-Referstoadatatypethatcanaccessdatabyreference.Referenceisavalueoranaddressthataccessesaparticulardatabyaddress,whichisstoredelsewhereinmemory(heapmemory).Youcansaythatreferenceisthephysicaladdressofdata,wherethedataisstoredinmemoryorinthestoragedevice.Somebuilt-inreferencetypesvariablesin.Netarestring,array,andobject.
ANSWER
QUESTION 31

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IsStringaReferenceTypeorValueTypein.NET?
33
QUESTION
StringisaReferenceTypeobject.
ANSWER
QUESTION 32

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Canasingle.NETDLLcontainmultipleclasses?
34
QUESTION
Yes,asingle.NETDLLmaycontainanynumberofclasseswithinit.
ANSWER
QUESTION 33

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WhatisaCompositeControlin.NET?
35
QUESTION
CompositeControlisanabstractclassin.NETthatisinheritedbythosewebcontrolsthatcontainchildcontrolswithinthem.
ANSWER
QUESTION 34

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Whatarethenewfeaturesin.NET2.0?
36
QUESTION
Plentyofnewcontrols,Generics,anonymousmethods,partialclasses,iterators,propertyvisibility(separatevisibilityforgetandset)andstaticclasses.
ANSWER
QUESTION 35

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WhatarePartialClassesinAsp.Net2.0?
37
QUESTION
In.NET2.0,aclassdefinitionmaybesplitintomultiplephysicalfilesbutpartialclassesdonotmakeanydifferencetothecompilerasduringcompiletime,thecompilergroupsallthepartialclassesandtreatsthemasasingleclass.
ANSWER
QUESTION 36

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WhatisaIL?
38
QUESTION
(IL)IntermediateLanguageisalsoknownasMSIL(MicrosoftIntermediateLanguage)orCIL(CommonIntermediateLanguage).All.NETsourcecodeiscompiledtoIL.ThisIListhenconvertedtomachinecodeatthepointwherethesoftwareisinstalled,oratrun-timebyaJust-In-Time(JIT)compiler.
ANSWER
QUESTION 37

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WhatisaCTS?
39
QUESTION
CTSdefinesallofthebasictypesthatcanbeusedinthe.NETFrameworkandtheoperationsperformedonthosetype.
Allthistimewehavebeentalkingaboutlanguageinteroperability,and.NETClassFramework.Noneofthisispossiblewithoutallthelanguagesharingthesamedatatypes.WhatthismeansisthatanintshouldmeanthesameinVB,VC++,C#andallother.NETcompliantlanguages.ThisisachievedthroughintroductionofCommonTypeSystem(CTS).
ANSWER
QUESTION 38

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Whatis"CommonLanguageSpecification"(CLS)?
40
QUESTION
CLSisthecollectionoftherulesandconstraintsthateverylanguage(thatseekstoachieve.NETcompatibility) mustfollow.ItisasubsectionofCTSanditspecifieshowitsharesandextendsoneanotherlibraries.
ANSWER
QUESTION 39

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Whatis"CommonLanguageRuntime"(CLR)?
41
QUESTION
CLRis.NETequivalentofJavaVirtualMachine(JVM).ItistheruntimethatconvertsaMSILcodeintothehostmachinelanguagecode,whichisthenexecutedappropriately.TheCLRistheexecutionenginefor.NETFrameworkapplications.Itprovidesanumberofservices,including:
ANSWER
QUESTION 40
-Codemanagement(loadingandexecution)
-Applicationmemoryisolation
-Verificationoftypesafety
-ConversionofILtonativecode.
-Accesstometadata(enhancedtypeinformation)
-Managingmemoryformanagedobjects
-Enforcementofcodeaccesssecurity
-Exceptionhandling,includingcross-languageexceptions
-Interoperationbetweenmanagedcode,COMobjects,andpre- existingDLL's(unmanagedcodeanddata)
-Automationofobjectlayout
-Supportfordeveloperservices(profiling,debugging,andsoon).

hirist
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WhatisaManagedCode?
42
QUESTION
ManagedcoderunsinsidetheenvironmentofCLRi.e..NETruntime.InshortallILaremanagedcode.ButifyouareusingsomethirdpartysoftwareexampleVB6orVC++componenttheyareunmanagedcodeas.NETruntime(CLR)doesnothavecontroloverthesourcecodeexecutionofthelanguage.
ANSWER
QUESTION 41

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Whatisanassembly?
43
QUESTION
Anassemblyisacollectionofoneormore.exeordll‟s.Anassemblyisthefundamentalunitforapplicationdevelopmentanddeploymentinthe.NETFramework.Anassemblycontainsacollectionoftypesandresourcesthatarebuilttoworktogetherandformalogicalunitoffunctionality.AnassemblyprovidestheCLRwiththeinformationitneedstobeawareoftypeimplementations.
ANSWER
QUESTION 42

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WhatarethedifferenttypesofAssembly?
44
QUESTION
TherearetwotypesofassemblyPrivateandPublicassembly.Aprivateassemblyisnormallyusedbyasingleapplication,andisstoredintheapplication'sdirectory,orasub-directorybeneath.Asharedassemblyisnormallystoredintheglobalassemblycache,whichisarepositoryofassembliesmaintainedbythe.NETruntime.Sharedassembliesareusuallylibrariesofcodewhichmanyapplicationswillfinduseful,e.g.CrystalreportclasseswhichwillbeusedbyallapplicationforReports.
ANSWER
QUESTION 43

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WhatisDifferencebetweenNameSpaceandAssembly?
45
QUESTION
Followingarethedifferencesbetweennamespaceandassembly:
Assemblyisphysicalgroupingoflogicalunits.Namespacelogicallygroupsclasses.
Namespacecanspanmultipleassembly.
ANSWER
QUESTION 44

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WhatisManifest?
46
QUESTION
AssemblymetadataisstoredinManifest.Manifestcontainsallthemetadataneededtodothefollowingthings:
Versionofassembly
Securityidentity
Scopeoftheassembly
Resolvereferencestoresourcesandclasses.
TheassemblymanifestcanbestoredineitheraPEfile(an.exeor.dll)withMicrosoftintermediatelanguage(MSIL)codeorinastand-alonePEfilethatcontainsonlyassemblymanifestinformation.
ANSWER
QUESTION 45

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Whatisgarbagecollection?
47QUESTION
GarbagecollectionisaCLRfeaturewhichautomaticallymanagesmemory.Programmersforgettoreleasetheobjectswhilecoding.....Laziness(RememberinVB6whereoneofthegoodpracticesistosetobjecttonothing). CLRautomaticallyreleasesobjectswhentheyarenolongerinuseandrefernced.CLRrunsonnon-deterministictoseetheunusedobjectsandcleansthem.Onesideeffectofthisnon-deterministicfeatureisthatwecannotassumeanobjectisdestroyedwhenitgoesoutofthescopeofafunction.Therefore,weshouldnotputcodeintoaclassdestructortoreleaseresources.
ANSWER
QUESTION 46

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WhatisconceptofBoxingandUnboxing?
48QUESTION
Boxingisusedtoconvertvaluetypestoobject.
E.g.intx=1;
objectobj=x;
Unboxingisusedtoconverttheobjectbacktothevaluetype.
E.g.inty=(int)obj;
Boxing/unboxingisquietanexpensiveoperation.
ANSWER
QUESTION 47

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DefineOverriding?
49
QUESTION
Overridingisaconceptwhereamethodinaderivedclassusesthesamename,returntype,andargumentsasamethodinitsbaseclass.Inotherwords,ifthederivedclasscontainsitsownimplementationofthemethodratherthanusingthemethodinthebaseclass,theprocessiscalledoverriding.
ANSWER
QUESTION 48

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Canyouusemultipleinheritancein.NET?
50
QUESTION
.NETsupportsonlysingleinheritance.Howeverthepurposeisaccomplishedusingmultipleinterfaces.
ANSWER
QUESTION 49

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Whatareeventsanddelegates?
51
QUESTION
Aneventisamessagesentbyacontroltonotifytheoccurrenceofanaction.Howeveritisnotknownwhichobjectreceivestheevent.Forthisreason,.NETprovidesaspecialtypecalledDelegatewhichactsasanintermediarybetweenthesenderobjectandreceiverobject.
ANSWER
QUESTION 51

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Whatisaconnectionpool?
52
QUESTION
Aconnectionpoolisa„collectionofconnections‟whicharesharedbetweentheclientsrequestingone.Oncetheconnectionisclosed,itreturnsbacktothepool.Thisallowstheconnectionstobereused.
ANSWER
QUESTION 51

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Whatiscodereview?
53
QUESTION
Theprocessofexaminingthesourcecodegenerallythroughapeer,toverifyitagainstbestpractices.
ANSWER
QUESTION 52

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WhatisBLOB?
54
QUESTION
ABLOB(binarylargeobject)isalargeitemsuchasanimageoranexerepresentedinbinaryform.
ANSWER
QUESTION 53

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WhatisaCOMCallableWrapper(CCW)?
55
QUESTION
CCWisawrappercreatedbythecommonlanguageruntime(CLR)thatenablesCOMcomponentstoaccess.NETobjects.
ANSWER
QUESTION 54

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WhatisaRuntimeCallableWrapper(RCW)?
56
QUESTION
RCWisawrappercreatedbythecommonlanguageruntime(CLR)toenable.NETcomponentstocallCOMcomponents.
ANSWER
QUESTION 55

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WhatisMSIL?
57
QUESTION
Whenthecodeiscompiled,thecompilertranslatesyourcodeintoMicrosoftintermediatelanguage(MSIL).ThecommonlanguageruntimeincludesaJITcompilerforconvertingthisMSILthentonativecode.
MSILcontainsmetadatathatisthekeytocrosslanguageinteroperability.Sincethismetadataisstandardizedacrossall.NETlanguages,aprogramwritteninonelanguagecanunderstandthemetadataandexecutecode, writteninadifferentlanguage.MSILincludesinstructionsforloading,storing,initializing,andcallingmethodsonobjects,aswellasinstructionsforarithmeticandlogicaloperations,controlflow,directmemoryaccess,exceptionhandling,andotheroperations.
ANSWER
QUESTION 56

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WhatisJIT?
58
QUESTION
JITisacompilerthatconvertsMSILtonativecode.ThenativecodeconsistsofhardwarespecificinstructionsthatcanbeexecutedbytheCPU.
RatherthanconvertingtheentireMSIL(inaportableexecutable[PE]file)tonativecode,theJITconvertstheMSILasitisneededduringexecution.Thisconvertednativecodeisstoredsothatitisaccessibleforsubsequentcalls.
ANSWER
QUESTION 57

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WhatisGAC?WhatarethestepstocreateanassemblyandaddittotheGAC?
59
QUESTION
Theglobalassemblycache(GAC)isamachine-widecodecachethatstoresassembliesspecificallydesignatedtobesharedbyseveralapplicationsonthecomputer.Youshouldshareassembliesbyinstallingthemintotheglobalassemblycacheonlywhenyouneedto.
Steps
-Createastrongnameusingsn.exetooleg:sn-kmykey.snk
-inAssemblyInfo.cs,addthestrongnameeg:[assembly:AssemblyKeyFile("mykey.snk")]
-recompileproject,andtheninstallittoGACintwoways:
•drag&dropittoassemblyfolder(C:WINDOWSassemblyORC:WINNTassembly)(shfusion.dlltool)
•gacutil-iabc.dll
ANSWER
QUESTION 58

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Whatisthecaspol.exetoolusedfor?
60
QUESTION
Thecaspoltoolgrantsandmodifiespermissionstocodegroupsattheuserpolicy,machinepolicy,andenterprisepolicylevels.
ANSWER
QUESTION 59

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WhatisIlasm.exeusedfor?
61
QUESTION
Ilasm.exeisatoolthatgeneratesPEfilesfromMSILcode.YoucanruntheresultingexecutabletodeterminewhethertheMSILcodeperformsasexpected.
ANSWER
QUESTION 60

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WhatisIldasm.exeusedfor?
62
QUESTION
Ildasm.exeisatoolthattakesaPEfilecontainingtheMSILcodeasaparameterandcreatesatextfilethatcontainsmanagedcode.
ANSWER
QUESTION 61

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WhatistheResGen.exetoolusedfor?
63
QUESTION
ResGen.exeisatoolthatisusedtoconvertresourcefilesintheformof.txtor.resxfilestocommonlanguageruntimebinary.resourcesfilesthatcanbecompiledintosatelliteassemblies.
ANSWER
QUESTION 62

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Whatisadigitalsignature?
64
QUESTION
Adigitalsignatureisanelectronicsignatureusedtoverify/guaranteetheidentityoftheindividualwhoissendingthemessage.
ANSWER
QUESTION 63

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NametheclassesthatareintroducedintheSystem.Numericsnamespace.
65
QUESTION
ThefollowingtwonewclassesareintroducedintheSystem.Numericsnamespace:
•BigInteger-Referstoanon-primitiveintegraltype,whichisusedtoholdavalueofanysize.Ithasnolowerandupperlimit,makingitpossibleforyoutoperformarithmeticcalculationswithverylargenumbers,evenwiththenumberswhichcannotholdbydoubleorlong.
•Complex-Representscomplexnumbersandenablesdifferentarithmeticoperationswithcomplexnumbers.Anumberrepresentedintheforma+bi,whereaistherealpart,andbistheimaginarypart,isacomplexnumber.
ANSWER
QUESTION 64

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Explainmemory-mappedfiles.
66
QUESTION
Memory-mappedfiles(MMFs)allowyoumapthecontentofafiletothelogicaladdressofanapplication.ThesefilesenablethemultipleprocessesrunningonthesamemachinetosharedatawitheachOther.TheMemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile()methodisusedtoobtainaMemoryMappedFileobjectthatrepresentsapersistedmemory-mappedfilefromafileondisk.
ThesefilesareincludedintheSystem.IO.MemoryMappedFilesnamespace.Thisnamespacecontainsfourclassesandthreeenumerationstohelpyouaccessandsecureyourfilemappings
ANSWER
QUESTION 65

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Whichmethoddoyouusetoenforcegarbagecollectionin.NET?
67
QUESTION
TheSystem.GC.Collect()method.
ANSWER
QUESTION 66

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StatethedifferencesbetweentheDispose()andFinalize().
68
QUESTION
CLRusestheDisposeandFinalizemethodstoperformgarbagecollectionofrun-timeobjectsof.NETapplications.
TheFinalizemethodiscalledautomaticallybytheruntime.CLRhasagarbagecollector(GC),whichperiodicallychecksforobjectsinheapthatarenolongerreferencedbyanyobjectorprogram.ItcallstheFinalizemethodtofreethememoryusedbysuchobjects.TheDisposemethodiscalledbytheprogrammer.Disposeisanothermethodtoreleasethememoryusedbyanobject.TheDisposemethodneedstobeexplicitlycalledincodetodereferenceanobjectfromtheheap.TheDisposemethodcanbeinvokedonlybytheclassesthatimplementtheIDisposableinterface.
ANSWER
QUESTION 67

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Whataretuples?
69
QUESTION
Tupleisafixed-sizecollectionthatcanhaveelementsofeithersameordifferentdatatypes.Similartoarrays,ausermusthavetospecifythesizeofatupleatthetimeofdeclaration.Tuplesareallowedtoholdupfrom1to8elementsandiftherearemorethan8elements,thenthe8thelementcanbedefinedasanothertuple.Tuplescanbespecifiedasparameterorreturntypeofamethod.
ANSWER
QUESTION 68

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Whichistherootnamespaceforfundamentaltypesin.NETFramework?
70
QUESTION
System.Objectistherootnamespaceforfundamentaltypesin.NETFramework.
ANSWER
QUESTION 69

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Definevariableandconstant.
71
QUESTION
Avariablecanbedefinedasameaningfulnamethatisgiventoadatastoragelocationinthecomputermemorythatcontainsavalue.Everyvariableassociatedwithadatatypedetermineswhattypeofvaluecanbestoredinthevariable,forexampleaninteger,suchas100,adecimal,suchas30.05,oracharacter,suchas'A'.
Youcandeclarevariablesbyusingthefollowingsyntax:
<Data_type><variable_name>;
Aconstantissimilartoavariableexceptthatthevalue,whichyouassigntoaconstant,cannotbechanged,asincaseofavariable.Constantsmustbeinitializedatthesametimetheyaredeclared.Youcandeclareconstantsbyusingthefollowingsyntax:
constintinterestRate=10;
ANSWER
QUESTION 70

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Whichstatementisusedtoreplacemultipleif-elsestatementsincode?
72
QUESTION
InVisualBasic,theSelect-CasestatementisusedtoreplacemultipleIf-ElsestatementsandinC#,theswitch- casestatementisusedtoreplacemultipleif-elsestatements.
ANSWER
QUESTION 71

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Whatisanidentifier?
73
QUESTION
Identifiersarenorthingbutnamesgiventovariousentitiesuniquelyidentifiedinaprogram.Thenameofidentifiersmustdifferinspellingorcasing.Forexample,MyProgandmyProgaretwodifferentidentifiers.Programminglanguages,suchasC#andVisualBasic,strictlyrestricttheprogrammersfromusinganykeywordasidentifiers. Programmerscannotdevelopaclasswhosenameispublic,because,publicisakeywordusedtospecifytheaccessibilityofdatainprograms.
ANSWER
QUESTION 72

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CanoneDLLfilecontainthecompiledcodeofmorethanone.NETlanguage?
74
QUESTION
No,aDLLfilecancontainthecompiledcodeofonlyoneprogramminglanguage.
ANSWER
QUESTION 73

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WhatisNativeImageGenerator?
75
QUESTION
TheNativeImageGenerator(Ngen.exe)isatoolthatcreatesanativeimagefromanassemblyandstoresthatimagetonativeimagecacheonthecomputer.Whenever,anassemblyisrun,thisnativeimageisautomaticallyusedtocompiletheoriginalassembly.Inthisway,thistoolimprovestheperformanceofthemanagedapplicationbyloadingandexecutinganassemblyfaster.
Notethatnativeimagesarefilesthatconsistofcompiledprocessor-specificmachinecode.TheNgen.exetoolinstallsthesefilesontothelocalcomputer.
ANSWER
QUESTION 74

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NametheMSILDisassemblerutilitythatparsesany.NETFrameworkassemblyandshowstheinformationinhumanreadableformat
76
QUESTION
TheIldasm.exeutility.
ANSWER
QUESTION 75

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WhatisthesignificanceoftheStrongNametool?
77
QUESTION
TheStrongNameutility(sn.exe)helpsincreatinguniquepublic-privatekeypairfilesthatarecalledstrongnamefilesandsigningassemblieswiththem.Italsoallowskeymanagement,signaturegeneration,andsignatureverification.
ANSWER
QUESTION 76

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Discusstheconceptofstrongnames.
78
QUESTION
Whenever,anassemblyisdeployedinGACtomakeitshared,astrongnameneedstobeassignedtoitforitsuniqueidentification.Astrongnamecontainsanassembly'scompleteidentity-theassemblyname,versionnumber,andcultureinformationofanassembly.Apublickeyandadigitalsignature,generatedovertheassembly,arealsocontainedinastrongname.AstrongnamemakesanassemblyidenticalinGAC.
ANSWER
QUESTION 77

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Whatisthedifferencebetween.EXEand.DLLfiles?
79
QUESTION
EXE
1.Itisanexecutablefile,whichcanberunindependently.
2.EXEisanout-processcomponent,whichmeansthatitrunsinaseparateprocess.
3.Itcannotbereusedinanapplication.
4.Ithasamainfunction.
DLL
1.ItisDynamicLinkLibrarythatisusedasapartofEXEorotherDLLs.Itcannotberunindependently.
2.Itrunsintheapplicationprocessmemory,soitiscalledasin-processcomponent.
3.Itcanbereusedinanapplication.
4.Itdoesnothaveamainfunction.
ANSWER
QUESTION 78

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Whichutilityallowsyoutoreferenceanassemblyinanapplication?
80
QUESTION
Anassemblycanbereferencedbyusingthegacutil.exeutilitywiththe/roption.The/roptionrequiresareferencetype,areferenceID,andadescription.
ANSWER
QUESTION 79

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TheAssemblyInfo.csfilestorestheassemblyconfigurationinformationandotherinformation,suchastheassemblyname,version,companyname,andtrademarkinformation.(True/False).
81
QUESTION
True.
ANSWER
QUESTION 80

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Whatarecodecontracts?
82
QUESTION
Codecontractshelpyoutoexpressthecodeassumptionsandstatementsstatingthebehaviorofyourcodeinalanguage-neutralway.Thecontractsareincludedintheformofpre-conditions,post-conditionsandobject- invariants.Thecontractshelpyoutoimprove-testingbyenablingrun-timechecking,staticcontractverification, anddocumentationgeneration.
TheSystem.Diagnostics.Contractsnamespacecontainsstaticclassesthatareusedtoexpresscontractsinyourcode.
ANSWER
QUESTION 81

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WhatareMergeModuleprojects?
83
QUESTION
MergeModuleprojectsenablecreationanddeploymentofcodethatcanbesharedbymultipleapplications.ThismayincludeDll‟s,resourcefiles,registrybasedentriesetc.TheWindowsdatabasealsokeepstrackofareferencecountforthoseprojects.
ANSWER
QUESTION 82

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WhatisaServicedcomponent?
84
QUESTION
AservicedcomponentisaclassthatisinsidealltheCLS-complaintlanguages.ItderivesdirectlyorindirectlyfromtheSystem.EnterpriseServices.ServicedComponentclass.ThiswayofconfiguringtheclassesallowstobehostedinaCOM+applicationandisabletouseCOM+services.
ANSWER
QUESTION 83

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Whatisaflatfile?
85
QUESTION
Aflatfileisthenamegiventotext,whichcanbereadorwrittenonlysequentially.
ANSWER
QUESTION 84

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WhatisanXMLWebservice?
86
QUESTION
XMLWebServiceisaunitofcodethatcanbeaccessedindependentofplatformsandsystems.TheyareusedtointerchangedatabetweendifferentsystemsindifferentmachinesforinteroperabilityusingHTTPprotocols. RequestsaremadeandresponsesarereturnedintheformofXMLasXMLislanguageandplatformindependent.
ANSWER
QUESTION 85

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Describethestepstodeployawebservice.
87
QUESTION
a.UsingxcopyorPublishwizardcopythefiletothedestinationserver.
b.MakethedestinationdirectoryavirtualdirectoryinIIS.
ANSWER
QUESTION 86

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WhatisMIME?
88
QUESTION
ThedefinitionofMIMEorMultipurposeInternetMailExtensionsasstatedinMSDNis“MIMEisastandardthatcanbeusedtoincludecontentofvarioustypesinasinglemessage.MIMEextendstheSimpleMailTransferProtocol(SMTP)formatofmailmessagestoincludemultiplecontent,bothtextualandnon-textual.Partsofthemessagemaybeimages,audio,ortextindifferentcharactersets.TheMIMEstandardderivesfromRFCssuchas2821and2822”
ANSWER
QUESTION 87

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Whataremock-ups?
89
QUESTION
Mock-upsareasetofdesignsintheformofscreens,diagrams,snapshotsetc.,thathelpsverifythedesignandacquirefeedbackabouttheapplication‟srequirementsandusecases,atanearlystageofthedesignprocess.
ANSWER
QUESTION 88

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Whatislogging?
90
QUESTION
Loggingistheprocessofpersistinginformationaboutthestatusofanapplication.
ANSWER
QUESTION 89

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What’saWindowsprocessin.NET?
91
QUESTION
WindowsProcessisanapplicationthat‟srunningandhadbeenallocatedmemoryin.NET
ANSWER
QUESTION 90

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Howtomanagepaginationinapage?
92
QUESTION
UsingpaginationoptioninDataGridcontrol.Wehavetosetthenumberofrecordsforapage,thenittakescareofpaginationbyitself.
ANSWER
QUESTION 91

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Whatissmartnavigation?
93
QUESTION
Thecursorpositionismaintainedwhenthepagegetsrefreshedduetotheserversidevalidationandthepagegetsrefreshed.
ANSWER
QUESTION 92

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HowdoyoutriggerthePainteventinSystem.Drawing?
94
QUESTION
Invalidatethecurrentform,theOSwilltakecareofrepainting.TheUpdatemethodforcestherepaint.
ANSWER
QUESTION 93

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HowdoyouassignRGBcolortoaSystem.Drawing.Coloronject?
95
QUESTION
CallthestaticmethodFromArgbofthisclassandpassittheRGBvaluesin.NET
ANSWER
QUESTION 94

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What’saproxyoftheserverobjectin.NETRemoting?
96
QUESTION
It‟safakecopyoftheserverobjectthatresidesontheclientsideandbehavesasifitwastheserver.Ithandlesthecommunicationbetweenrealserverobjectandtheclientobject.Thisprocessisalsoknownasthemarshaling.
ANSWER
QUESTION 95

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WhatareChannelsin.NETRemoting?
97
QUESTION
Channelsrepresenttheobjectsthattransfertheotherserializedobjectsfromoneapplicationdomaintoanotherandfromonecomputertoanother,aswellasoneprocesstoanotheronthesamebox.AChannelmustexistbeforeanobjectcanbetransferred.
ANSWER
QUESTION 96

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What’ssinglecallactivationmodeusedforin.NET?
98
QUESTION
Iftheserverobjectisinstantiatedforrespondingtojustonesinglerequest,therequestshouldbemadeinSingleCallmodein.NET
ANSWER
QUESTION 97

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What’sSingletonactivationmodein.NET?
99
QUESTION
ASingleobjectisinstantiatedofthenumberofclientsaccessingit.Lifetimeofthisobjectisdeterminedbylifetimelease.
ANSWER
QUESTION 98

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Howdoyoudefinetheleaseoftheobjectin.NET?
100
QUESTION
ByImplementingIleaseinterfacewhenwritingtheclasscodein.NET
ANSWER
QUESTION 99

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Canyouconfigurea.NETRemotingobjectviaXMLfile?
101
QUESTION
Yes,viamachine.configandapplicationlevel.configfile(orweb.configinASP.NET).Application-levelXMLsettingstakeprecedenceovermachine.config.
ANSWER
QUESTION 100

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Resources
102
http://www.slideshare.net/vineetkumarsaini/net-interview-questions-and-answer
http://vijaybalajithecitizen.blogspot.com/2011/06/100-net-interview-questions-and- answers.html
http://prsu.ac.in:8010/Admin_1/Upload_Data/Data/1470.pdf
http://www.dotnetcurry.com/showarticle.aspx?ID=64
http://www.dotnetcurry.com/showarticle.aspx?ID=70
http://techpreparation.com/dotnet-questions-answers1.htm#.U_8SHvldVK0
http://www.indiabix.com/technical/dotnet/dot-net-framework/3
http://www.indiabix.com/technical/dotnet/dot-net-programming-concepts/
http://www.indiabix.com/technical/dotnet/dot-net-assemblies/4
http://careerride.com/NET-what-are-merge-module-projects.aspx
http://www.blendinfotech.com/dot-net-interview-questions-and-answers-for-Fresher
http://www.globalguideline.com/interview_questions/Questions.php?sc=Basic_Dot_Net_Programming_Interview_Questions_and_Answers

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