Age of exploration and new encounters in the Americas.

1. Age
of
Explora-on
&
New
Encounters
• What
influenced
people
to
explore
distant
places?

2. • Traveling
to
distant
lands
involved
overcoming
the
fear
of
confron-ng
unknown
obstacles
such
as
the
great
sea
monsters
that
where
believed
lived
within
the
depths
of
the
oceans.

5. Why
Colonize?
• Mercan-lism,
is
the
philosophy
which
held
that
the
purpose
of
a
colony
was
to
make
the
mother
country
stronger
and
more
self-­‐
sufficient.
• Demands
for
raw
materials.
• Need
for
markets.
• Commerce,
Chris-anity,
Civiliza-on.

6. Colonial
Powers

9. Spanish
Empire

10. The
Reconquest
• Although
Chris-ans
and
Muslims
struggled
intermiNently
to
control
Iberia,
from
about
718
to
1492,
the
most
ac-ve
years
were
between
850
and
1250.
• During
this
-me,
Chris-an
knights
and
seNlers
pushed
south
from
their
ini-al
redoubt
in
the
mountains
of
northern
Spain.

12. Mesquita,
Cordova

14. • In
1479,
the
marriage
of
Queen
Isabela
and
King
Fernando
united
the
kingdoms
of
Cas-le
and
Aragon,
and
in
1492,
they
conquered
the
last
Moorish
kingdom,
Granada.
• Conveniently,
the
Chris-ans
saw
their
triumph
as
evidence
that
their
God
ac-vely
supported
their
cause,
a
belief
that
they
carried
into
baNle
against
the
na-ve
civiliza-ons
of
the
Americas

15. • Because
of
its
expulsion
of
the
Muslims
in
Spain
and
its
discovery
of
the
New
World,
the
Spanish
crown
was
granted
extraordinary
privileges
by
the
papacy.
• Thus,
the
Spanish
conquest
undoubtedly
was
fueled
by
a
desire
for
status
and
wealth,
but
it
was
legally
jus-fied
by
its
Chris-an
mission-­‐-­‐the
saving
of
souls.

17. La
Alhambra,
Granda

19. • With
three
ships
an
fewer
than
ninety
men,
Columbus
sailed
first
to
Canary
Islands.
He
set
forth
again
in
early
September
with
an
year’s
provisions.
Aber
sailing
for
three
thousand
nau-cal
miles,
on
October
12,
1492,
Columbus
and
his
men
sighted
an
Island
in
the
chain
later
named
the
Bahamas.

21. Christopher
Columbus
Arrival
to
What
he
Believed
Was
the
West
Indies

22. Indigenous
Popula-on
in
the
Americas
• The
hemisphere’s
indigenous
popula-on
at
the
moment
of
contact
in
1492
was
probably
between
thirty-­‐five
and
fiby-­‐five
million.

23. The
Encounter
of
Two
Worlds

24. In
1492,
Columbus
landed
in
what
are
now
the
islands
of
the
Caribbean.
When
he
could
not
find
sufficient
gold
and
wealth,
he
turned
to
trading
slaves.
In
1495
he
rounded
up
1,500
Tainos
(Arwaks),
selec-ng
500
of
the
best
specimens,
and
set
sail
to
Spain.
Only
300
na-ves
survived.

25. • In
his
second
voyage
of
1493,
Christopher
Columbus
introduced
cane
plants
to
the
Caribbean.
Columbus
knew
that
sugar
and
slavery
were
inseparable
and
that
tremendous
profits
could
be
goNen
from
sugar.

26. • By
the
early
sixteenth
century
the
sugar
industry
thrived
on
Santo
Domingo,
then
on
Cuba,
and
soon
aber
on
Puerto
Rico.