Human Behaviour Centred Design
Developing a Software
System for Cultural Heritage
Julie Dugdale1, Mahyar T. Moghaddam2,3, and Henry Muccini2,4
1 University Grenoble Alps, France, 2 Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Italy
3 Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, 4 nExpecto S.r.l

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Our concern
We are concerned with the
modeling, analysis and simulation
of human (expected and real)
behavior to design our ICT
applications

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Where does this need come
from?

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The Uffizi Galleries project
Goals:
– Reduce the waiting time to get in
– Optimize internal human flow
– Multi-museum load balancing

Henry Muccini – ICSE SEIS 2020 - Human Behaviour Centred Design: Developing a Software System for Cultural Heritage
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Henry Muccini – ICSE SEIS 2020 - Human Behaviour Centred Design: Developing a Software System for Cultural Heritage
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We have been called to
engineer and develop a
system to solve such a
problem

Henry Muccini – ICSE SEIS 2020 - Human Behaviour Centred Design: Developing a Software System for Cultural Heritage
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Constraints and challenges
Maximum capacity
Visitors may stay as long as they wish
Extremely high arrival rates
Maximize #people, under max capacity
Limited ICT infrastructure
max. 900
45 mins
4h 20 mins
2.000 pp.
in 60 mins.
min. 900
no wifi

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3 Components

Henry Muccini – ICSE SEIS 2020 - Human Behaviour Centred Design: Developing a Software System for Cultural Heritage
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For doing so, we had to take
into serious account social,
and individual aspects,
together with technical,
economic, and more

Henry Muccini – ICSE SEIS 2020 - Human Behaviour Centred Design: Developing a Software System for Cultural Heritage
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Design Decisions that span towards all
these dimensions, and based on
trade-off between them all!!
Individual Social
Technical
Environmental
Economic

11IEEE Software (Vol.33 , Issue: 1 , Jan.-Feb. 2016 )

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Social aspects:
The long queues are a
consequence of 3 aspects:
• sheer number of visitors that
visit the museum (high season,
certain days of the week).
• The traditional ticketing system
• Social behaviours:
• free Sundays
• group visits
• the popularity of certain artworks
• the heavily populated shared area
just outside of the museum that is
filled with tourists

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Environmental aspects:
Physical and environmental issues.
• The museum has limited capacity
with max 900 visitors
• Only one entrance and one exit,
not very wide.
• Metal detectors
• Internal stairs and corridors are
narrow so that walking velocity is
very slow.
• Queues also increase the noise
pollution and possibility of terrorist
attacks.
• There are currently 6000-8000
tickets printed (and wasted) every
day

15Social issue: groups and social attachments
Social decision: max #people, max #groups
Technical decision: service to monitor and constraint
Social fact: we counted up to 700 visitors arriving at
the kiosks in 15 minutes
Technical decision: software to be very performant, 7
kiosks
Environmental decision: digital tickets (when feasible)
• Technical: no infrastructure

16Ongoing: Conceptual model of human-oriented
socio-technical systems (HOSS)

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Human-behaviour centred Design
Human-computer Interaction
Gender, sentiment and
emotion in SwEng
Collaborative SwEng/
Modeling
Affective Computing
Human = citizen immersed
in/part of an ICT system
• they do not interact with it
and even may be unaware of
its existence.

Human Behaviour Centred
Design: Developing a Software
System for Cultural Heritage
Julie Dugdale1, Mahyar T. Moghaddam2,3, and Henry Muccini2,4
1 University Grenoble Alps, France, 2 Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Italy
3 Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, 4 nExpecto S.r.l

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rappresentante Consiglio Studentesco
Antonella Nuzzaci
Adriano Filipponi
Chiara Staiti
Alessandra