4. Atomic Number
• This refers to how
many protons an
atom of that element
has.
• No two elements,
have the same
number of protons.
Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
Wave Model

6. Atomic Mass
• Atomic Mass refers to
the “weight” of the
atom.
• It is derived at by
adding the number of
protons with the
number of neutrons.
H
This is a helium atom. Its atomic
mass is 4 (protons plus
neutrons).
What is its atomic number?

10. • The arrangement of elements in vertical
column called Groups and horizontal
rows called Periods in order of
increasing proton number
• There are 18 Groups numbered 1-18 and
7 Periods numbered 1-7 in a Periodic
Table.
MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

11. Periods
• Across the period from left to
right
Proton number increases
Element become non-metallic

12. Sodium and water
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=uqDWbknpiVk
Potassium and water
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=OFG4Yr7lQzw

25. Alkali Earth Metals

26. Alkaline Earth Metals
• 2nd Family
• From Beryllium to Radium
• Shiny, silvery-white
• Somewhat reactive

27. Elements In Family
• Beryllium
• Magnesium
• Calcium
• Strontium
• Barium
• Radium
• Unbinilium

28. Representative Elements
and has a higher melting
point than the alkali
metal in the same
period.
• Each alkaline earth metal is denser and harder
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Next to the alkali metals are the alkaline
earth metals.
• Alkaline earth metals are
reactive, but not as reactive
as the alkali metals.

31. Group Trends
• silvery and of fairly low density
• density increases down the group

32. Group Trends
– stronger metallic bonding than the alkali metals
• also harder and have higher melting points
Element Melting Point
(°C)
Hatm (kJ/mol)
Mg 649 149
Ca 839 177
Sr 768 164
Ba 727 175

33. General Properties
They are metals
They are good conductors of heat and electricity
Their compounds are all white or colourless
In all compounds they have an oxidation
number of +2
They are called alkaline earth metals because
their oxides and hydroxides are basic
They react with acids to produce hydrogen

34. Uses
• Beryllium is used in nuclear applications
• http://www.periodicvideos.com/nyt/videos/0
04.htm
Radium is used to treat cancer
• Calcium is necessary for strong bones

39. TRANSITION METALS
Groups in the middle
 Good conductors of heat
and electricity.
 Some are used for
jewelry.
 The transition metals
are able to put up to 32
electrons in their second
to last shell.
 Can bond with many
elements in a variety of
shapes.

40. Where are the transition metals?The transition metals are the block of elements located
between group 2 and group 3 of the periodic table.
Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg
La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
?
Here, the word
‘transition’ is
used to mean
‘in-between’.
group 2 group 3

43. Why are they called the ‘typical metals’?
There are over 30 transition metals.
The transition metals are known as ‘typical’ metals.
Why do you think this might be?
They include most of the
metals we are familiar with
and use everyday, such as
iron, copper and gold.
However, there are many
transition metals that are less
familiar to us, because they
are very rare or have few
uses.

44. The transition metals are known as ‘typical’ metals because
of their physical properties. They are:
What are the properties of the transition metals?
 lustrous (bright and shiny).
 high density.
 good conductors of heat and electricity.
 high melting and boiling points (except mercury,
which is liquid at room temperature).
 hard and strong.
 malleable (can be bent and pressed into different
shapes) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).

45. Comparing properties of
different metals
How do the properties of transition metals compare with
those of alkali metals?
 are more dense. This means that in a fixed volume of
metal there are more atoms of a transition metal than
there are of an alkali metal.
 have higher melting and boiling points – except mercury.
 are harder and stronger. They cannot be cut with a knife.
Compared to the alkali metals, the transition metals:

46. Transition metal compounds
and colour
Most transition metals form coloured compounds.
 Copper (II) sulfate crystals
(CuSO4.H2O) is blue – these
can be turned white by heating
the crystals to remove the water.
 Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) is
red/brown – when hydrated
this is rust.
 Iron (II) oxide (FeO2) is black.
For example:

47. http://chemistry.about.com/video/Properties-
of-Transition-Metals.htm

48. Groups 13 through 18
Representative Elements
• The elements in Groups 13-18 are not all solid
metals like the elements of Groups 1 and 2. In
fact, a single group
can contain metals,
nonmetals, and
metalloids and have
members that are
solids, liquids, and
gases.

49. Group 13, the Boron Family

50. BORON FAMILY
Group 3
• 3 electrons in
the outer shell
• Most are
metals
• Boron is a
metalloid

51. Boron Family
• boron family -- Group 13.
• This group includes the elements boron,
aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium.
• The atomic number is 5
• The atomic symbol B
• Melting point= 2,076◦C
• Boiling point= 3,927◦C
http://www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/chemistry/group%2013.ppt#256,1,Group 13, the Boron Family

52. Group 13—The Boron Family
• The elements in Group
13 are all metals except
boron, which is a brittle,
black metalloid.
• Without using boron in
cookware the products
when transferred from a
heat place to a non-
heated place will cause
the item to crack. So
using boron helps.

53. How does boron effect our lives?
Boron Water Solution
• Baron Water Solutions'
equipment will give you soft
water, which will take away
spots from your dishes and hard
water build-up on your faucets
and appliances, which in turn
will add years to your water
heater, refrigerator, dishwasher
and washing machine.
• Several studies say that lack of
boron weakens bones, but
there is no data to show that
extra boron makes bones
stronger. Also boron is are used
in pills to help increase blood
levels for post- menopausal
woman.

54. Group 13—The Boron Family
Representative Elements
• Aluminum is used to make
soft-drink cans, cookware,
siding for homes, and
baseball bats.
• Gallium is a solid metal,
but its melting point is so
low that it will melt in
your hand.
• It is used to make
computer chips.

68. CARBON FAMILY
Group 4
• 4 electrons in
the outer shell
• Contains metals,
metalloids, and
a non-metal
Carbon (C)

69. CARBON FAMILY
Group 4
• 4 electrons in
the outer shell
• Contains metals,
metalloids, and
a non-metal
Carbon (C)

70. NITROGEN FAMILY
Group 5
• 5 electrons in the
outer shell
• Can share
electrons to form
compounds
• Contains metals,
metalloids, and
non-metals

71. OXYGEN FAMILY
Group 6
• 6 electrons in
the outer shell
• Contains metals,
metalloids, and
non-metals
• Reactive

72. Halogens
Group 7
• 7 electrons in the
outer shell
• All are non-
metals
• Very reactive are
often bonded with
elements from
Group 1

73. Noble Gases
Group 8
 Exist as gases
 Non-metals
 8 electrons in the
outer shell = Full
 Helium (He) has only
2 electrons in the
outer shell = Full
 Not reactive with
other elements

74. Rare Earth Metals
 Some are
Radioactive
 The rare
earths are
silver,
silvery-
white, or
gray metals.
 Conduct
electricity