Integrating healthcare delivery between risk-bearing entities, such as providers and insurers, is, on the surface, an important step towards population health management and value-based goals. However, even vertically integrated units tend to function separately around patient care. As a result, patients are spread thin between receiving care, navigating insurance, and more—a situation that degrades the patient experience, thwarts optimal outcomes, and interferes with value-based goals. However, some organizations are bridging the gap between healthcare entities to improve quality and decrease costs of caring for at-risk patient populations through a sustainable, collaborative population health model. By joining forces and using analytics to drive decisions and scale programs, truly integrated risk-bearing entities put patients at the center of care, meeting their healthcare needs in a more efficient, cost-effective way.

1. How Risk-Bearing Entities Work Together to
Succeed at Population Health

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Risk-Bearing Entities Working Together
Health systems and other risk-bearing entities
(e.g., insurers) tend to function separately
around patient care, even when these units
vertically integrate.
For example, a patient must often have phone
calls and meetings about insurance coverage
in addition to already time-intensive medical
appointments—a lack of collaboration that
thwarts optimal patient experience, outcomes
improvement, and progress towards value-
based care (VBC).

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Risk-Bearing Entities Working Together
Some forward-thinking healthcare
organizations have realized hidden
opportunities in bridging this separation
between healthcare entities to improve
quality and decrease costs of caring for at-
risk patient populations.

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Risk-Bearing Entities Working Together
The path to better care and lower cost often
lies in breaking down the barriers between
elements, enabling a systemwide structure
to manage a sustainable population health
care model that improves the quality and
reduces costs associated with a fully
at-risk (capitated) population.

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A Successful Population Health Care Model: Integration
Puts Patients at the Center of Care Delivery
Despite the promise of more integrated care
delivery, some healthcare leaders find that
further engaging at-risk patients around
insurance coverage is more difficult than it
sounds, as care often revolves around the
care delivery process—not the patient.

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A Successful Population Health Care Model: Integration
Puts Patients at the Center of Care Delivery
For example, an individual undergoing
acute care, such as cancer treatment, is
likely reluctant to have conversations
around billing and coverage in addition
to their many medical appointments.

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A Successful Population Health Care Model: Integration
Puts Patients at the Center of Care Delivery
As an alternative to more time burdens on
patients, some organizations take a patient-
centered approach, bringing the insurance
conversation and other care management
services to patients within the flow of care.

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A Successful Population Health Care Model: Integration
Puts Patients at the Center of Care Delivery
In such population-based models, as
seen as between Carle Health and
health plan Health Alliance,
interdisciplinary care management
teams meet individuals at their
providers’ offices or virtually during
appointment times to blend care
delivery and insurance services (e.g.,
case management and utilization
management).

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A Successful Population Health Care Model: Integration
Puts Patients at the Center of Care Delivery
Entities use data and analytics to identify
populations for which a population health care
delivery model will have the greatest impact.
Organizations that successfully integrate a
comprehensive care experience can see
positive ROI and meaningful reductions
in emergency department (ED) admissions
and facility readmissions.

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How Does an Integrated Model Manages Multiple
Populations and Support Value-Based Care?
Value-based payment models vary but
generally follow similar structures and key
performance indicators (KPIs).
These KPIs include quality performance,
utilization, and medical-loss ratio.
As a result, integration into a single
population health delivery model aligns
overall activity to larger populations and
focuses efforts to drive cost and quality,
removing silos and creating a best-in-
class care delivery model (Figure 1).

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How Does an Integrated Model Manages Multiple
Populations and Support Value-Based Care?
Figure 1: Integration supports value.

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How Does an Integrated Model Manages Multiple
Populations and Support Value-Based Care?
Following the above integration map, implementing a successful population
health care model within a provider practice requires the right staffing and
model design. This structure includes:
• Multidisciplinary work groups to design
the new care model for staffing and
operations.
• Provider engagement to engage clinical
staff with leadership champions and
population health education sessions.
• Process mapping to develop process
workflows for each position in the new
model.
• Project management to deploy standard
processes to communicate progress and
manage performance.
• Risk scoring and analytics to implement a
new composite risk score to generate
actionable insights and power
identification and stratification.
• Communication and change management
to deploy proactive change management
strategies to share timely information.

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The Care Place of Delivery:
Approach and Methodology
To support their population health care model,
Carle Health and Health Alliance conceived
the care place of delivery (POD) approach.
PODs are embedded sites that utilize care
managers and teams at a primary care
provider’s (PCP) location.
Additionally, virtual PODs leverage clinicians
similarly, but do so virtually (e.g., phone calls,
online interactions, etc.)

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The Care Place of Delivery:
Approach and Methodology
The POD approach capitalizes on naturally
occurring care patterns (e.g., PCP visits) with
specialty providers serving the same patient
population.
A clustering software algorithm uses claims
data to identify optimal POD settings, and
analysts use population density and
PCP/specialty patterns to allocate embedded
and virtual support for selected POD sites.

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The Care Place of Delivery:
Approach and Methodology
The clustering algorithm uses data, including
interactions between patients and providers
throughout the year to identify providers with
the most interactions in common.
For example, Carle Health and Health Alliance
identified five locations for PODs and
evaluated resources across the systems to
support their population heath care model.

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The Care Place of Delivery:
Approach and Methodology
The organizations only needed to add
three roles to enable the care model—
one pharmacist and two patient access
coordinators.
The resulting model integrates the care
experience with the patient at its center
(Figure 2).

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The Care Place of Delivery:
Approach and Methodology
Figure 2: The Carle Health and Health Alliance population health care model.

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The Population Health Care Model Operating Model
The population health care operating model
combines care team PODs and a care model
resource center to achieve the following benefits:
 Integrated Care Team PODs
 Administrative Support
 Technical and Digital Enablers

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The Population Health Care Model Operating Model
Integrated Care Team PODs
The care team PODs enable better care
management via embedded and virtual
resources.
They also promote more collaboration
among clinical care teams and generate
a comprehensive view of care across the
continuum.

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The Population Health Care Model Operating Model
Administrative Support
The population health care model allows
administrative support to focus on less
complex care management needs, arrange
support to address social determinants of
health, and conduct patient engagement
outreach (e.g., post-discharge follow-up calls).

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The Population Health Care Model Operating Model
Technical and Digital Enablers
Technical and digital enablers support
virtual visits, use standardized toolkits to
enable efficient and effective workflows,
automate manual tasks to improve
resource efficiency, and analyze
data to support proactive patient
outreach.

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The Population Health Care Model Operating Model
Technical and Digital Enablers
In-person and virtual resources work with the
population to identify patients at high-risk.
After patients follow-up with their PCPs, the
health systems assign the patients care
managers, who connect the patients with
necessary resources.

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The Population Health Care Model Operating Model
Technical and Digital Enablers
The patient then consults with the
appropriate specialists (e.g., cardiologists
and endocrinologists), with efforts to combine
appointments to limit travel requirements and
conduct other visits virtually.
Finally, the patient follows up virtually with
her PCP and care manager to assess
progress.

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Measuring Success in a Population
Health Care Model
Organizations can initially measure
population health care model effectiveness
by tracking KPIs, including sustained
participation rate, predicted future costs,
per member per month, participant and
provider experience, and gaps in care (e.g.,
hypertension control).
As the model matures, systems can look at
financial ROI benefit-to-cost ratio, utilization
reduction, and quality improvement.

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Measuring Success in a Population
Health Care Model
In case of Carle Health and Health Alliance,
patients described positive experiences,
and KPIs indicated positive outcomes.
For example, after factoring in COVID-19
impacts on care delivery, ED utilization
rates were down 30 to 45 percent between
January and December 2020, and
readmission rates decreased by almost
30 percent.

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Measuring Success in a Population
Health Care Model
Per member per month decreased by 19
percent, and the model’s cost-benefit ratio
(ROI and cost avoidance) was 3.1:1.
Meanwhile, data showed no reduction in
quality of care under the population model.

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Integrating for Better Care, Lower Costs
As Carle Health and Health Alliance have
demonstrated, integration across risk-
bearing entities is an effective strategy
towards improved care delivery and value-
based goals.
By joining forces and using analytics to
drive decisions and scale programs, these
organizations have put patients at the
center of care, ensuring their needs
are met at the right time and place,
with minimal burden.

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For more information:
“This book is a fantastic piece of work”
– Robert Lindeman MD, FAAP, Chief Physician Quality Officer

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More about this topic
Link to original article for a more in-depth discussion.
How Risk-Bearing Entities Work Together to Succeed at Population Health
Deliver Better Population Health by Avoiding Three Mistakes
Jonas Varnum, Population Health Strategic Services, VP
Four Population Health Management Strategies that Help Organizations Improve Outcomes
Holly Rimmasch, Chief Clinical Officer
Population Health Management: A Path to Value
Health Catalyst Editors
Understanding Population Health Management: A Diabetes Example
Michael Barton, Patient Safety Operations, SVP
Value-Based Care: Four Key Competencies for Success
Jonas Varnum, Population Health Strategic Services, VP

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April Vogelsang is System Senior Vice President and Chief Clinical Integration Officer for the
Carle Foundation Hospital and insurer Health Alliance Medical Plans, both part of the Carle
Foundation, the not-for profit parent company of an integrated network of healthcare
services. Vogelsang assumed her present position in April 2019 after more than three years
as Vice President of Medical Management for Health Alliance Medical Plans, a for-profit
insurance company serving Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, and Ohio. She joined Health Alliance in 2006 as
Director, Medicare Advantage Revenue Management.
Vogelsand began her career in 1996 at CIMRO, an independent peer review organization serving the
public and private healthcare sectors. There, she held a series of progressively more responsible
positions and ultimately rose to Director of Review Services and Operations. Vogelsand holds a
Master's degree in Health Services Administration from the University of St. Francis and a Bachelor of
Science degree in Nursing from the college of Saint Francis.
Other Clinical Quality Improvement Resources
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April Vogelsang

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Other Clinical Quality Improvement Resources
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