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A NEWSLETTER OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE FOR VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS



                                                                              AUGUST 2003 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1




                                            Roles and Responsibilities
                                            in Flea Control*
                                               In January 2003, the veterinary specialists below met during the North American Veterinary
                                            Conference in Orlando, Florida, to discuss emerging flea-borne diseases, some strategies for preventing
                                            infestations, and ways to improve owner compliance with appropriate therapy. The following are
                                            excerpts from this roundtable discussion.
                                                       Edward Breitschwerdt, DVM, DACVIM                        Steven Hansen, DVM, MS, DABVT
                                                       North Carolina State University                          University of Illinois
                                                       Raleigh, North Carolina                                  Urbana, Illinois

                                                       Michael Dryden, DVM, MS, PhD                             Keith Hnilica, DVM, MS, DACVD
                                                       Kansas State University                                  University of Tennessee
                                                       Manhattan, Kansas                                        Knoxville, Tennessee



Introduction                                     real threat to the health and well-being of           espousing preventive flea control wth the
    Within the past decade, techno-              companion animals. Failure to properly                use of insecticides and insect growth
logically advanced flea products for dogs        protect our pets can lead to a variety of             regulators (IGRs) my entire career.
and cats have significantly reshaped the         illnesses, some of which may be life
way veterinarians and pet owners                 threatening.                                          Edward Breitschwerdt, DVM: Flea
approach common ectoparasites. Today’s                                                                 infestation has certainly taken on a
flea products have set new performance           With regard to flea control, what
standards, including broader-spectrum            are the pathogenic and infectious
                                                 disease ramifications beyond their
                                                                                                              IN THIS ISSUE:
activity, longer duration of protection
(even after water immersion or bathing),         direct effects on the pet?                                   Roles and Responsibilities
pet-friendly application enhancements,           Michael Dryden, DVM, MS, PhD:                                in Flea Control...........................     1
and more information for veterinarians           We have seen an apparent increase in a
and pet owners. However, even with               variety of vector-transmitted diseases. Not                  Mosquitoes, Companion
these major strides, these pests remain a        only are some of these diseases pathogenic                   Animals, and West Nile Virus
                                                 in our pets, but many of them are also                       Update for 2003.........................       4
*This article is excerpted from Roles and
                                                 zoonotic in nature. When we look at flea
Responsibilities in Flea & Tick Control:
                                                 control, it is far more important to take a
                                                                                                              Ask the Vet ................................   7
A Veterinarian’s Guide, a supplement to
Veterinary Forum, Vol. 26, No. 6, 2003.          preventive approach. I have been                             Veterinarian of the Year .............         8
whole new dimension with the discovery                   Steven Hansen, DVM, MS: Clearly,                              A NEWSLETTER OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE FOR VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS

  of Bartonella and Rickettsia spp and                     one of the most significant misuses is that
                                                                                                                      AUGUST 2003 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1
  other organisms in fleas. In areas where                 of permethrin dog-only products on cats.
  cats have extensive flea exposures,                      Thus, we emphatically emphasize to
                                                                                                         Consulting Editors
  anywhere from 33% to 100% will                           owners how critical it is to read and
                                                                                                         Albert Ahn, DVM
  become actively infected with these                      follow the label directions. Permethrin
                                                                                                          Corporate Vice President
  organisms in their blood.                                use on cats can be lethal.                     Chief Scientific Officer
     It is easy to study an infectious                                                                    The Hartz Mountain Corporation
  disease that is acute, such as Rocky                     What might be some effective
                                                                                                         Bruce Truman
  Mountain spotted fever, because the                      strategies that encourage owners
                                                                                                          Divisional Vice President
  clinical course is a 2- to 3-week period.                to read the labels?                            Animal Health and Nutrition
  But with the organisms that are                          Dryden: Because the newer parasiticides        The Hartz Mountain Corporation
  transmitted by fleas, the time of                        are very effective and generally safe when
  transmission to the onset of disease                     used appropriately, many practitioners        HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM is
                                                                                                         produced for The Hartz Mountain
  could be months to years.                                have gradually ignored the educational        Corporation by Veterinary Learning
                                                           process. We need to return to effective       Systems, 780 Township Line Rd.,
                                                           client education. The first application       Yardley, PA 19067.
  Which emerging flea-borne diseases
  should practitioners be aware of?                        every year is an opportunity to show          Copyright © 2003 The Hartz Mountain
                                                           owners again how to properly administer       Corporation. All rights reserved.
  Breitschwerdt: The Bartonella spp are
  currently the most important emerging                    flea products.                                Hartz® is a trademark of The Hartz Mountain
  flea-transmitted infectious agents. Only                     Labels need to state in a concise         Corporation.

  two Bartonella spp were known to exist                   manner the importance of preventing a         Printed in U.S.A. No part of this publication may
  before 1992, and today there are 20                      specific disease. We can educate from an      be reproduced in any form without the express
                                                           efficacy standpoint that if owners follow     written permission of the publisher.
  recognized species.
                                                           label instructions, they are preventing       For more information on The Hartz Mountain
                                                           disease not only in their pets but in the     Corporation, visit www.hartz.com.
  Given that prevention is such                            entire family.
  a key strategy in the control                                                                          Dear Veterinarian
  of flea-related diseases in                                        Hnilica: Based on conversations     and Animal Health
  both the pet and human                                                 with veterinarians, most of     Care Provider:
  populations, we need to                                                 the feline permethrin-
  consider the appropriate                                                 related toxicities were in       Welcome once again to the NEW
  use of flea products.                                                    cats that had not routinely   Hartz! In this inaugural issue of Hartz
  Dryden: There are two                                                    been to the veterinarian      Companion AnimalSM, we continue our
  facets to appropriate use—                                              but in fact were presented     focus on a renewed commitment to
  when the products should be                                            on an emergency basis as        your practice and the veterinary profes-
  used and proper application.                                       a first-time patient. For a         sion as a whole.
  Often, an inappropriate use of products                      variety of reasons, including cost,          In the following pages we will share
  is reactive medicine—that is, reacting to                some owners choose to use over-the-           with you information on the pharma-
  visible evidence—and appropriate use of                  counter (OTC) products without a              cology of flea products and updates on
  products is preventive medicine.                         complete understanding of the relative        mosquitoes and West Nile virus. You
                                                           risks because they simply do not read         will also find some information about
  Keith Hnilica, DVM, MS: We are in an                     the label.                                    our Veterinarian of the Year contest.
  era in which even the least effective of the                It is difficult to educate owners who      Lastly, we will provide you with a close
  commonly used flea products is effective                 are purchasing OTC products and failing       look at one of the many products that
  enough to control most infections when                   to seek veterinary guidance.                  Hartz® has to offer.
  used as indicated on the label, especially if                                                             We hope you enjoy reading the
  they are used year-round. Certainly, one                 Hansen: Every practitioner selling flea       next few pages and find the informa-
  of the most common causes attributed to                  products needs to have a warning printed      tion helpful.
  transient flare-up of flea allergy dermatitis            on the customer receipt stating that the
  is the lack of regular application of flea               label should be read or the product           Sincerely,
  products.                                                should not be used in certain situations.

                                                                                                         Albert Ahn, DVM
2 HARTZ COMPANION ANIMAL
        ®                   SM
                                 • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1
What should practitioners do when               MICHAEL DRYDEN, DVM, MS, PhD, ON A PRACTICAL
a patient has an adverse reaction to            INTEGRATED FLEA CONTROL PROGRAM FOR PET OWNERS
a product used off-label?
Hansen: If the pet owner calls before           I Educate pet owners on important aspects of the four-stage flea life cycle. Typically, a flea
presenting the animal, it is critical for         population is made up of approximately 50% eggs, 30% larvae, 15% pupae, and only 5%
staff to emphasize the importance of              biting adults. Completion of the life cycle from egg to adult often varies from 2 weeks to
bringing the product package with the             2 months. Adult cat fleas cannot survive or lay eggs without a blood meal, but once it is
pet because treatment will depend not             feeding on a dog or cat, the female can lay 20 to 40 eggs per day and up to 2,000 in a
only on the pet’s clinical signs but also on      lifetime. If groomed from the host, egg production ceases and fleas die within 24 to 48
the product’s active ingredient. Second,          hours. Newly emerged previously unfed adult fleas, however, can live 1 to 2 weeks if a blood
practitioners need to take an extensive           meal is not obtained. The optimum temperature range for survival is 70˚F to 85˚F at an
history and complete physical exam-               optimum humidity of 80%.
ination. I also encourage them to consult
                                                I Provide pet owners with the following recommendations for mechanical control procedures.
an expert, such as technical service
                                                  Flea populations can be monitored quite simply. Use a flea comb, recording the number of
veterinarians at pharmaceutical
                                                  fleas caught each day to determine whether the flea population is increasing or decreasing.
companies, specialists in diagnostic
                                                  Vacuum carpets and furniture frequently using a vacuum with good suction and discarding
laboratories, or the ASPCA Animal
                                                  the vacuum cleaner bag. Discard or wash the pet’s bedding. Also, sweep and mop floors,
Poison Control Center, which is open 24
                                                  especially under beds and in closets. If infestation is severe, steam clean all furniture, carpet-
hours. In addition, practitioners can
                                                  ing, and pet bedding to help kill fleas and eliminate debris that feeds larval fleas. If possible,
access online information at Veterinary
                                                  make the rooms as cool and dry as possible, which will help slow down flea development and
Information Network (www.vin.com), the
                                                  allow flea larvae to desiccate. Be sure to vacuum thoroughly in low-traffic areas, such as along
Network of Animal Health
                                                  the edges of walls, in corners, under furniture, and behind doors—flea larvae tend to survive
(www.avma.org/noah), and the ASPCA
                                                  best in these locations. Also, regularly wash bedding and rugs that the pet lays on. To control
Animal Poison Control Center
                                                  fleas outdoors, apply approved insecticides, such as cyfluthrin, in shaded areas where pets
(www.apcc.aspca.org).
                                                  frequent. Always allow treated areas to dry several hours before allowing the pet and people
                                                  access into treated areas.
What are our treatment options and
objectives for flea control?                    I Suggest that pet owners follow mechanical control procedures with an approved application
Dryden: We need to continue to use                of an adulticide and insect growth regulator (IGR) to the pet. After implementing mechani-
IGRs because we recognize that if the fleas       cal procedures, administer an effective adulticide–ovicide combination to your dog or cat.
cannot be killed at least you can prevent         The ovicidal component may be an insecticide with ovicidal activity or an IGR specifically
them from laying eggs. We need to be              designed to suppress reproduction. Since adulticides are never 100% effective, the ovicidal
careful about resistance. I am not sure any       action ensures that surviving fleas cannot produce viable eggs. A product or a combination of
of us can anticipate how long these               products that provides both adulticidal and ovicidal activity can markedly benefit flea control
products are going to be effective, so we         efforts and delay development of resistance to flea products.
should avoid making long-term forecasts.

Hansen: We must constantly remember            owners unsurpassed protection options.               support and information on specific
that all flea products can result in adverse   It is critical that the product be applied           products. The product label lists a
reactions following both approved and          in accordance with label directions to               telephone number for contacting
unapproved applications. Adverse               optimize performance and help prevent                support staff. Company web sites may
reactions are much more likely to occur,       adverse reactions. In the event that a pet           also be available.
however, following misuse, including           has a reaction, owners should be                        As effective as today’s products are,
overapplication and application on an          strongly encouraged to consult their                 researchers are continuing to pursue new
inappropriate species. Therefore,              local veterinarian or contact a local                technologies in prevention, diagnosis, and
veterinarians must continue to educate         emergency veterinary hospital or animal              treatment. Over the centuries, fleas have
pet owners on proper use of flea products      poison control center. It is important               shown a remarkable ability to adapt. This
in strict accordance with label directions.    that the original packaging be retained              ability coupled with the emergence of
                                               so that product identification can be                mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus
Conclusion                                     made. Manufacturers typically have a                 serve as continuous reminders of the
    Fortunately, the present generation of     technical services or consumer relations             importance of actively developing new
flea products offers veterinarians and pet     department that can provide additional               solutions to protect our pets.

                                                                                           HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1     3
Mosquitoes, Companion
                                                        Animals, and West Nile Virus
                                                        Update for 2003
                                                        Jamie Snow, DVM, and Mike L. Bunning, DVM
                                                        Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                                                        Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases
                                                        Arbovirus Diseases Branch
                                                        Atlanta, Georgia



      With summer well under way, we see                 Transmission                                      Humans are not the only species that
  increasing mosquito activity and cannot                    Mosquitoes are the primary vehicle for     can become infected with WNV; it is
  help but think of West Nile virus (WNV).               the transmission of WNV to humans and          known to cause serious disease in horses
  WNV was first diagnosed in the United                  animals. Viremic mosquitoes carry the          and many species of birds.2 The clinical
  States in 1999 in New York State and                   virus in their salivary glands and infect      attack rate of infected horses has been
  quickly spread across the country, with 44             species they feed on. WNV has been             estimated at 8% to 10%.13,14 WNV
  states recording viral activity by the end             isolated from at least 36 species of           infection in previous outbreaks caused
  of summer 2002.1                                       mosquitoes in North America8; Culex            inapparent disease in avian populations;
      WNV is a zoonotic disease requiring a              pipiens is considered the primary vector.3,9   however, high avian mortality rates in
  mosquito vector. The virus maintains                   One important aspect of the transmission       both wild and captive birds have been the
  itself in nature by cycling between                    of WNV from birds to other species is          norm with the strain recently introduced
  mosquitoes and birds. Birds are known                  host-feeding preference. Many species of       into the United States.15 Limited research
  amplification hosts; the majority of                   mosquitoes feed exclusively on birds and       has also been conducted to determine the
  viremic birds sustain an infectious viremia            are therefore able to maintain the virus in    seriousness of WNV in other species,
  for 1 to 4 days, allowing uninfected                      nature. Other mosquitoes do not feed        including our animal companions,
  mosquitoes that subsequently                                     exclusively on one species but are   particularly dogs and cats.
  feed on them to become                                              indiscriminate or opportunis-        This research has demonstrated that
  infected.2 Other mammals                                               tic feeders. These mosqui-     domestic dogs and cats are susceptible to
  and reptiles are generally                                              toes are known as bridge      infection by WNV.16 A study done in
  considered incidental hosts                                             vectors, because they can     Louisiana following an epidemic in 2002
  because they do not achieve                                             transmit the virus from       by Kile, et al., demonstrated that dogs
  effective levels of viremia to                                         birds to other animals,        have a higher rate of seroconversion than
  infect mosquitoes.3                                                  including humans.                cats. Seroprevalence in dogs was approxi-
      WNV is transmitted to                                              In the United States, WNV      mately 25%, versus approximately 9% in
  humans primarily by infected                                 was initially diagnosed in humans,       cats.17 However, the fact that dogs and
  mosquitoes that feed on them, but other                but that diagnosis was preceded by             cats can become infected with WNV
  methods have been documented,                          widespread reports of dead birds in New        does not mean that they will necessarily
  including laboratory exposures,4                       York City.10 WNV infection causes a rare,      become clinically ill.
  consumption of infected breast milk,                   occasionally lethal, meningoencephalitis          Like humans, dogs and cats that
  infected blood products received during                in less than 1% of human cases. The most       become infected with WNV most
  transfusion, and organ transplantation.5 A             common clinical aspect in humans is a          commonly have an inapparent infection.18
  single human case of transplacental                    mild, self-limiting febrile illness, which     The only clinical sign noted in dogs
  transmission has also been documented.6                occurs in approximately 20% of                 experimentally infected with WNV was a
  To date, there is no documented human                  seropositive human infections, but             myopathy so mild that it was detected by
  case of WNV acquired directly from an                  typically humans have an inapparent            an elevated creatine kinase value on
  infected animal.7                                      infection.11,12                                blood-chemistry analysis.19 In a limited

4 HARTZ COMPANION ANIMAL
       ®                   SM
                                • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1
study by Austgen, et al., cats exhibited a        diagnosis when used conjointly with                               Nile Virus Questions and Answers. Available at:
                                                                                                                    http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/
mild clinical disease that lasted 2 to 4          clinical signs that are consistent with                           qa/transmission.htm; accessed June 30, 2003.
days.18 Signs were non-neurologic and             WNV infection. At present, no commercial                     8.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
included lethargy, a moderate decrease in         ELISA for detecting IgM/G antibody in                             Provisional surveillance summary of the West Nile
                                                                                                                    virus epidemic—United States, January–November
appetite, and a mild febrile response.18          dogs or cats exists.                                              2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rpt
   In rare cases, dogs and cats with severe                                                                         51(50):1129–1133, 2002.
neurologic disease similar to that seen in        Treatment                                                    9.   Turell MJ, O’Guinn M, Oliver J: Potential for New
                                                                                                                    York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus. Am J
birds, horses, and humans have been                  Currently, there is also no definitive                         Trop Med Hyg 62(3):413–414, 2000.
determined to be infected with WNV.               treatment for WNV other than                                10.   Marfin AA, Petersen LR, Eidson M, et al:
Immune-compromised animals are at a               supportive care. The best method for                              Widespread West Nile virus activity, Eastern
higher risk for more serious sequelae.19          preventing WNV infection in humans                                United States, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis
                                                                                                                    7(4):730–735, 2001.
From 2000 through 2002, the Centers for           and companion animals is limiting                           11.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC)            exposure to mosquitoes. Research has                              Weekly update: A serosurvey for West Nile
ArboNet, the national electronic                  demonstrated a positive correlation                               Virus infection in New York and Connecticut
                                                                                                                    counties, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
surveillance system established by the            between an increase in the amount of                              Rpt 50:37–39, 2001.
CDC to assist states in tracking WNV              time an animal spends outdoors and an                       12.   Mostashari F, Bunning ML, Kitsutani PT, et
and other mosquito-borne viruses,                 increase in the rate of seroconversion to                         al: Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New
                                                                                                                    York, 1999: Results of a household-based
reported 3 WNV-positive cats and 7                WNV.16,17 Following is a list of                                  seroepidemiological survey. Lancet
dogs.20 However, the importance of WNV            recommendations developed by the CDC                              358(9278):261–264, 2001.
infection in dogs and cats should be kept         to reduce the risk of exposure:                             13.   Joubert L, Oudar J, Hannoun C, Chippaus M:
                                                                                                                    Reproduction experiméntale de la meníngeo-
in perspective. The number of human
                                                  I Eliminate areas of standing water                               encephalomyelite du cheval par l’arbovirus
cases of WNV infection reported in 2002                                                                             West Nile. 3. Relations entre la virolgie, la
                                                     around the house, i.e., drain standing
was 4,156 compared to 7 canine cases and                                                                            serologie et l’evolution anatomy-clinique.
                                                     pools, clean gutters, and empty bird-                          Consequeces epidemiologiquest et
1 feline case reported in the same year.21
                                                     baths.                                                         prophylactiques. Bull Acad Vet Fr 159–167,
   Current research results indicate that                                                                           1971.
dogs and cats do not play an important role       I Minimize outdoor activities at dawn                       14.   Bunning M, Bowen R, Cropp B, et al:
as amplifier hosts for WNV and therefore             and in the early evening.                                      Experimental infection of horses with West
                                                                                                                    Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8(4):380–386,
do not play an important role in its              I For humans only, wear long-sleeved                              2002.
maintenance in nature.18,19 From a public            shirts and pants when outdoors and                       15.   Kramer LD, Bernard KA: West Nile Virus
health perspective, this indicates that                                                                             infection in birds and mammals. Am NY Acad
                                                     apply insect repellent, according to                           Sci 951:89–93, 2001.
companion animal owners are unlikely to              labeled directions, to exposed skin                      16.   Komar N, Panella N, Boyce E: Exposure of
have an elevated risk for infection with             and clothing.22                                                domestic mammals to West Nile virus during
WNV due to pet ownership.                                                                                           an outbreak of human encephalitis, New York
                                                                                                                    City, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7(4):736–738,
                                                  References                                                        2001.
Diagnosis                                         1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: West         17.   Kile J, Panella N, Chow C, et al: West Nile
                                                     Nile Virus Statistics, Surveillance, and Control.
    Diagnosis of WNV in a dog or cat                 Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/
                                                                                                                    virus serosurvey of domestic canines and
                                                                                                                    felines during an epidemic—Louisiana, 2002.
should be based on clinical signs with               dvbid/westnile/surv&control03Maps02.htm;
                                                                                                                    Unpublished data.
supportive serology. Other neurologic                accessed June 20, 2003.
                                                                                                              18.   Austgen LE, Bowen RA, Bunning ML, et al:
                                                  2. Komar N: West Nile virus encephalitis. Rev Sci
diseases should be included in the                   Tech 19(1):166–176, 2000.
                                                                                                                    Experimental infection of cats and dogs with
differential diagnosis (e.g., other arboviruses                                                                     West Nile virus: Mosquito-borne and oral
                                                  3. Hayes CG: West Nile fever, in Monath TP (ed):                  transmission. Unpublished data.
and rabies). A fourfold increase in serum            The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, vol V.
                                                                                                              19.   Blackburn NK, Reyers F, Berry WL,
                                                     Boca Raton, FL, CDC Press, 1989, pp 59–88.
neutralization titer (PRNT) between                                                                                 Shephard AJ: Susceptibility of dogs to West
                                                  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
appropriately timed acute and convalescent                                                                          Nile virus: A survey and pathogenic trial. J
                                                     Laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infections:
                                                                                                                    Comp Path 100(1):59–66, 1989.
serum samples is diagnostic for WNV.2                United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
                                                     Rpt 51(50):1133–1135, 2002.                              20.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
Other tests that can be helpful in                                                                                  ArboNet unpublished data.
                                                  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
diagnosing WNV in companion animals                  Update: Investigations of West Nile virus infection      21.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
include a positive polymerase chain                  in recipients of organ transplantation and blood               West Nile Virus Update, Current Case Count.
                                                     transfusion. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rpt                         Available at http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/
reaction (PCR) on serum or tissue samples            51(37):833–836, 2002.                                          media/wncount.htm; accessed June 18, 2003.
and immunohistochemistry (IHC). These             6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:              22.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
two diagnostic tests will not provide a              Intrauterine West Nile virus infection—New York,               West Nile Virus Questions and Answers.
                                                     2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rpt                                Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/
definitive diagnosis of WNV disease by               51(50):1135–1136, 2002.                                        dvbid/westnile/qa/prevention.htm; accessed
themselves but can provide a confirmatory         7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: West               June 15, 2003.



                                                                                                     HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1            5
Only a scientist would notice that
      something so attractive to humans could be
       so repulsive to fleas, ticks and mosquitoes.

       Chrysanthemums. Fleas. Chrysanthemums. Fleas. Not exactly a connection most people would make. And yet sci-
       entists discovered that a synthetic derivative of the chrysanthemum flower called phenothrin kills fleas, ticks and
                 mosquitoes incredibly well. The same phenothrin you’ll find in Hartz Advanced Care Brand® Plus+. Phe-
                   nothrin is so effective that it’s used to protect food supplies and has one of the EPA’s lowest toxicity pro-
                  files for insecticides. And by combining it with (S )-methoprene, a proven insect growth regulator, Hartz
       Advanced Care Brand® Plus+ protects against more parasites—fleas, ticks, mosquitoes and flea eggs—than any other
       monthly topical brand. Maybe that’s why pets find it so attractive. Even if they don’t have the slightest clue what it is.




Our veterinarians and PhDs                                                                                    offers veterinarians an effective,
test it. Independent companies                                                                                    lower-cost alternative to rec-
test it. Then the government                                                                                     ommend to your clients. Vet-
tests the tests.                                                                                                 erinary offices around the
                                                                                                                   country have already begun
It borders on obsession,
                                                                                                                  dispensing it, with the goal
we admit. But to our highly
                                                                                                                of reducing the percentage of
respected staff veterinarians                                                                                   unprotected pets. After all, for
and PhDs, relentless testing is                                                                                 those who care about animals’
an integral part of developing                                                                                  well-being, any percentage of
             new pet products.                                                                                 unprotected pets is too high.

            Take Hartz Advanced                                                                            We’re as committed to pets
           Care Brand® Plus+, for                                                                         as you are. Really.
           instance. First we subjected                                                                   At Hartz, we’ve
it to a series of highly sophisticated                  Chrysanthemum                                     made a strong
tests in our state-of-the-art laboratory.                                                                 promise to help
Then, we gave it to independent                              50% of pets go without flea & tick           pets become healthier and happier,
companies, which did extensive studies                       protection. (It’s not their fault.)          by continuing to introduce innovative,
out in the field. Finally, we submitted                                                                   scientifically proven products. Perhaps
                                                             A client brings their flea-infested pet
it to government agencies for review,                                                                     just as importantly, we’re making a
                                                             into your office. You prescribe a
earning a stamp of approval for                                                                           commitment to veterinarians as well,
                                                             treatment for them. And then they
effectiveness on both dogs and cats.                                                                      by listening closely to your concerns
                                                             leave without it.
                                                                                                          and striving to be a better partner.
Even after all of that, we’re still                           You’re not alone. According to the          But don’t just take our word for
constantly testing new formulas,                              American Pet Products Manufacturers         it. Call our Consumer Relations
trying to find an even better                                Association®, over half of all pets aren’t   Department at 1-800-275-1414 and
flea, tick and mosquito                                      getting treated for fleas & ticks,* partly   ask to talk to a Hartz veterinarian,
treatment. It’s an                                           because their owners can’t afford the        who will gladly share with you all
obsession, remember?                                         leading brand. Which is why Hartz            the progress we’ve made recently.




*American Pet Product Manufacturers Association 2001-2002 National Pet Owners Survey
Albert Ahn, DVM, is a veterinarian, Chief Scientific Officer
                   and Corporate Vice President at The Hartz Mountain Corporation.




                                             ASK TH E VET
Q
Why is Hartz sponsoring this newsletter?

    Hartz is your partner in animal health. We share
                                                       Q     Does Hartz still sell permethrin topical spot flea and tick
                                                             products in the United States? I have heard and seen
                                                             the outcome when unknowing pet owners accidentally
the same goal. According to the American Pet                 apply a permethrin product to their cat.

A
Products Manufacturing Association, over 50% of
America’s dogs and cats do not receive adequate
flea and tick protection. You see them every day in     A       Hartz has discontinued the manufacture of
                                                             permethrin topical spot products for the U.S.
                                                             market. Hartz believes that the risk of accidental
your practice. They are able to afford annual
                                                             application to cats is too great and there are better
vaccinations, and maybe the ever-important
                                                             alternatives available to pet owners. Hartz is
heartworm preventative, but that’s all they can
                                                             continuously evaluating new technologies and
afford. Should we deny these pets the flea and tick
                                                             innovations in the area of ectoparasite control.
protection they require? Even one unprotected pet            Please consider that there are several other
is too many. Hartz offers an affordable means for            companies that still manufacture and sell
those pet owners to obtain the protection they so            permethrin-based topical flea and tick products.
desperately need for their pet. The end result is a
happier pet.
    Hartz is improving the health of pets and
encouraging pet owners to visit your practice.
                                                       Q     Your dewormer product, Hartz® Health measures®
                                                             Once-a-Month Wormer, contains piperazine. What
                                                             steps has Hartz taken to offer pet owners more
Through our advertising and promotional efforts
                                                             broad-spectrum protection?
we are encouraging all pet owners to visit their


                                                        A
veterinarian at least two times per year, and we                Hartz® recently introduced Hartz® Rid WormTM
encourage pet owners to seek out their                       (pyrantel pamoate) Chewable Flavored Dog Wormer
veterinarian for recommendations on appropriate              Tablets. Pyrantel pamoate has a wonderful history in
products that they should use to maintain and                the veterinary community of providing dogs with
improve the health of their pet.                             protection from roundworms and hookworms. This
                                                             product will replace our existing formulations in order
                                                             to offer pet owners a higher level of protection.


  We want to hear from you!
  • Have questions or comments? Call our Consumer Relations Department at 800-275-1414 and ask to speak to a Hartz staff
    veterinarian or email us at feedback@hartz.com.
  • To obtain a Hartz Veterinary Catalog, please call 800-999-3000 x5118 or email us at feedback@hartz.com.



                                                                               HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1   7
Veterinarians Get a “Thank You” From Their
Clients by Being Nominated for the Hartz
Veterinarian of the Year Contest

             For the past 77 years, Hartz has celebrated the Human–       Cat Fancy®) to bring pet owners the “Veterinarian of the Year”
         Animal Bond, and as veterinarians you are instrumental in        Contest. This contest gives pet owners the opportunity to
         fostering this very important relationship between people        nominate their veterinarian as the Hartz “Veterinarian of the
         and their pets. “The veterinary health care professional         Year.” Pet owners can write in and tell Hartz why they feel
         supports the Human–Animal Bond by providing both                 their veterinarian is deserving of this honor. Prizes being
         valuable information and professional services to pet owners,”   awarded include one Grand prize ($1,500 in cash and $500
         says Bob Devine, president and CEO of Hartz. “Regular visits     worth of Hartz® products plus $5,000 in cash for the winning
         to the veterinarian will help maintain good health in pets.      veterinarian) and two First Runner Up prizes ($750 in cash
         Hartz is proud to sponsor a contest which recognizes the         and $250 worth of Hartz® products plus $2,500 in cash for
         veterinarian’s role in the Human–Animal Bond.”                   the winning veterinarian).
             Pet owners get a chance to say “thank you” for emergency         Entry forms and official contest rules are published in the
         visits and calm reassurances by nominating their vet for the     September issue of Dog Fancy and Cat Fancy magazines. This
         Hartz Veterinarian of the Year contest. This year, Hartz has     is a chance for pet owners to let veterinarians know just how
         teamed up with Fancy Publications® (Dog Fancy® and               much their care and concern has meant over the years.




Veterinary Learning Systems                                                                                         PRESORTED STANDARD
780 Township Line Road                                                                                                  U.S. POSTAGE
Yardley, PA 19067
                                                                                                                        PAID
                                                                                                                       BENSALEM, PA
                                                                                                                       PERMIT #118

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Hartz Companion Animal - Roles and Responsibilities in Flea Control

  • 1. A NEWSLETTER OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE FOR VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS AUGUST 2003 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1 Roles and Responsibilities in Flea Control* In January 2003, the veterinary specialists below met during the North American Veterinary Conference in Orlando, Florida, to discuss emerging flea-borne diseases, some strategies for preventing infestations, and ways to improve owner compliance with appropriate therapy. The following are excerpts from this roundtable discussion. Edward Breitschwerdt, DVM, DACVIM Steven Hansen, DVM, MS, DABVT North Carolina State University University of Illinois Raleigh, North Carolina Urbana, Illinois Michael Dryden, DVM, MS, PhD Keith Hnilica, DVM, MS, DACVD Kansas State University University of Tennessee Manhattan, Kansas Knoxville, Tennessee Introduction real threat to the health and well-being of espousing preventive flea control wth the Within the past decade, techno- companion animals. Failure to properly use of insecticides and insect growth logically advanced flea products for dogs protect our pets can lead to a variety of regulators (IGRs) my entire career. and cats have significantly reshaped the illnesses, some of which may be life way veterinarians and pet owners threatening. Edward Breitschwerdt, DVM: Flea approach common ectoparasites. Today’s infestation has certainly taken on a flea products have set new performance With regard to flea control, what standards, including broader-spectrum are the pathogenic and infectious disease ramifications beyond their IN THIS ISSUE: activity, longer duration of protection (even after water immersion or bathing), direct effects on the pet? Roles and Responsibilities pet-friendly application enhancements, Michael Dryden, DVM, MS, PhD: in Flea Control........................... 1 and more information for veterinarians We have seen an apparent increase in a and pet owners. However, even with variety of vector-transmitted diseases. Not Mosquitoes, Companion these major strides, these pests remain a only are some of these diseases pathogenic Animals, and West Nile Virus in our pets, but many of them are also Update for 2003......................... 4 *This article is excerpted from Roles and zoonotic in nature. When we look at flea Responsibilities in Flea & Tick Control: control, it is far more important to take a Ask the Vet ................................ 7 A Veterinarian’s Guide, a supplement to Veterinary Forum, Vol. 26, No. 6, 2003. preventive approach. I have been Veterinarian of the Year ............. 8
  • 2. whole new dimension with the discovery Steven Hansen, DVM, MS: Clearly, A NEWSLETTER OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE FOR VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS of Bartonella and Rickettsia spp and one of the most significant misuses is that AUGUST 2003 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1 other organisms in fleas. In areas where of permethrin dog-only products on cats. cats have extensive flea exposures, Thus, we emphatically emphasize to Consulting Editors anywhere from 33% to 100% will owners how critical it is to read and Albert Ahn, DVM become actively infected with these follow the label directions. Permethrin Corporate Vice President organisms in their blood. use on cats can be lethal. Chief Scientific Officer It is easy to study an infectious The Hartz Mountain Corporation disease that is acute, such as Rocky What might be some effective Bruce Truman Mountain spotted fever, because the strategies that encourage owners Divisional Vice President clinical course is a 2- to 3-week period. to read the labels? Animal Health and Nutrition But with the organisms that are Dryden: Because the newer parasiticides The Hartz Mountain Corporation transmitted by fleas, the time of are very effective and generally safe when transmission to the onset of disease used appropriately, many practitioners HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM is produced for The Hartz Mountain could be months to years. have gradually ignored the educational Corporation by Veterinary Learning process. We need to return to effective Systems, 780 Township Line Rd., client education. The first application Yardley, PA 19067. Which emerging flea-borne diseases should practitioners be aware of? every year is an opportunity to show Copyright © 2003 The Hartz Mountain owners again how to properly administer Corporation. All rights reserved. Breitschwerdt: The Bartonella spp are currently the most important emerging flea products. Hartz® is a trademark of The Hartz Mountain flea-transmitted infectious agents. Only Labels need to state in a concise Corporation. two Bartonella spp were known to exist manner the importance of preventing a Printed in U.S.A. No part of this publication may before 1992, and today there are 20 specific disease. We can educate from an be reproduced in any form without the express efficacy standpoint that if owners follow written permission of the publisher. recognized species. label instructions, they are preventing For more information on The Hartz Mountain disease not only in their pets but in the Corporation, visit www.hartz.com. Given that prevention is such entire family. a key strategy in the control Dear Veterinarian of flea-related diseases in Hnilica: Based on conversations and Animal Health both the pet and human with veterinarians, most of Care Provider: populations, we need to the feline permethrin- consider the appropriate related toxicities were in Welcome once again to the NEW use of flea products. cats that had not routinely Hartz! In this inaugural issue of Hartz Dryden: There are two been to the veterinarian Companion AnimalSM, we continue our facets to appropriate use— but in fact were presented focus on a renewed commitment to when the products should be on an emergency basis as your practice and the veterinary profes- used and proper application. a first-time patient. For a sion as a whole. Often, an inappropriate use of products variety of reasons, including cost, In the following pages we will share is reactive medicine—that is, reacting to some owners choose to use over-the- with you information on the pharma- visible evidence—and appropriate use of counter (OTC) products without a cology of flea products and updates on products is preventive medicine. complete understanding of the relative mosquitoes and West Nile virus. You risks because they simply do not read will also find some information about Keith Hnilica, DVM, MS: We are in an the label. our Veterinarian of the Year contest. era in which even the least effective of the It is difficult to educate owners who Lastly, we will provide you with a close commonly used flea products is effective are purchasing OTC products and failing look at one of the many products that enough to control most infections when to seek veterinary guidance. Hartz® has to offer. used as indicated on the label, especially if We hope you enjoy reading the they are used year-round. Certainly, one Hansen: Every practitioner selling flea next few pages and find the informa- of the most common causes attributed to products needs to have a warning printed tion helpful. transient flare-up of flea allergy dermatitis on the customer receipt stating that the is the lack of regular application of flea label should be read or the product Sincerely, products. should not be used in certain situations. Albert Ahn, DVM 2 HARTZ COMPANION ANIMAL ® SM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1
  • 3. What should practitioners do when MICHAEL DRYDEN, DVM, MS, PhD, ON A PRACTICAL a patient has an adverse reaction to INTEGRATED FLEA CONTROL PROGRAM FOR PET OWNERS a product used off-label? Hansen: If the pet owner calls before I Educate pet owners on important aspects of the four-stage flea life cycle. Typically, a flea presenting the animal, it is critical for population is made up of approximately 50% eggs, 30% larvae, 15% pupae, and only 5% staff to emphasize the importance of biting adults. Completion of the life cycle from egg to adult often varies from 2 weeks to bringing the product package with the 2 months. Adult cat fleas cannot survive or lay eggs without a blood meal, but once it is pet because treatment will depend not feeding on a dog or cat, the female can lay 20 to 40 eggs per day and up to 2,000 in a only on the pet’s clinical signs but also on lifetime. If groomed from the host, egg production ceases and fleas die within 24 to 48 the product’s active ingredient. Second, hours. Newly emerged previously unfed adult fleas, however, can live 1 to 2 weeks if a blood practitioners need to take an extensive meal is not obtained. The optimum temperature range for survival is 70˚F to 85˚F at an history and complete physical exam- optimum humidity of 80%. ination. I also encourage them to consult I Provide pet owners with the following recommendations for mechanical control procedures. an expert, such as technical service Flea populations can be monitored quite simply. Use a flea comb, recording the number of veterinarians at pharmaceutical fleas caught each day to determine whether the flea population is increasing or decreasing. companies, specialists in diagnostic Vacuum carpets and furniture frequently using a vacuum with good suction and discarding laboratories, or the ASPCA Animal the vacuum cleaner bag. Discard or wash the pet’s bedding. Also, sweep and mop floors, Poison Control Center, which is open 24 especially under beds and in closets. If infestation is severe, steam clean all furniture, carpet- hours. In addition, practitioners can ing, and pet bedding to help kill fleas and eliminate debris that feeds larval fleas. If possible, access online information at Veterinary make the rooms as cool and dry as possible, which will help slow down flea development and Information Network (www.vin.com), the allow flea larvae to desiccate. Be sure to vacuum thoroughly in low-traffic areas, such as along Network of Animal Health the edges of walls, in corners, under furniture, and behind doors—flea larvae tend to survive (www.avma.org/noah), and the ASPCA best in these locations. Also, regularly wash bedding and rugs that the pet lays on. To control Animal Poison Control Center fleas outdoors, apply approved insecticides, such as cyfluthrin, in shaded areas where pets (www.apcc.aspca.org). frequent. Always allow treated areas to dry several hours before allowing the pet and people access into treated areas. What are our treatment options and objectives for flea control? I Suggest that pet owners follow mechanical control procedures with an approved application Dryden: We need to continue to use of an adulticide and insect growth regulator (IGR) to the pet. After implementing mechani- IGRs because we recognize that if the fleas cal procedures, administer an effective adulticide–ovicide combination to your dog or cat. cannot be killed at least you can prevent The ovicidal component may be an insecticide with ovicidal activity or an IGR specifically them from laying eggs. We need to be designed to suppress reproduction. Since adulticides are never 100% effective, the ovicidal careful about resistance. I am not sure any action ensures that surviving fleas cannot produce viable eggs. A product or a combination of of us can anticipate how long these products that provides both adulticidal and ovicidal activity can markedly benefit flea control products are going to be effective, so we efforts and delay development of resistance to flea products. should avoid making long-term forecasts. Hansen: We must constantly remember owners unsurpassed protection options. support and information on specific that all flea products can result in adverse It is critical that the product be applied products. The product label lists a reactions following both approved and in accordance with label directions to telephone number for contacting unapproved applications. Adverse optimize performance and help prevent support staff. Company web sites may reactions are much more likely to occur, adverse reactions. In the event that a pet also be available. however, following misuse, including has a reaction, owners should be As effective as today’s products are, overapplication and application on an strongly encouraged to consult their researchers are continuing to pursue new inappropriate species. Therefore, local veterinarian or contact a local technologies in prevention, diagnosis, and veterinarians must continue to educate emergency veterinary hospital or animal treatment. Over the centuries, fleas have pet owners on proper use of flea products poison control center. It is important shown a remarkable ability to adapt. This in strict accordance with label directions. that the original packaging be retained ability coupled with the emergence of so that product identification can be mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus Conclusion made. Manufacturers typically have a serve as continuous reminders of the Fortunately, the present generation of technical services or consumer relations importance of actively developing new flea products offers veterinarians and pet department that can provide additional solutions to protect our pets. HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1 3
  • 4. Mosquitoes, Companion Animals, and West Nile Virus Update for 2003 Jamie Snow, DVM, and Mike L. Bunning, DVM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Arbovirus Diseases Branch Atlanta, Georgia With summer well under way, we see Transmission Humans are not the only species that increasing mosquito activity and cannot Mosquitoes are the primary vehicle for can become infected with WNV; it is help but think of West Nile virus (WNV). the transmission of WNV to humans and known to cause serious disease in horses WNV was first diagnosed in the United animals. Viremic mosquitoes carry the and many species of birds.2 The clinical States in 1999 in New York State and virus in their salivary glands and infect attack rate of infected horses has been quickly spread across the country, with 44 species they feed on. WNV has been estimated at 8% to 10%.13,14 WNV states recording viral activity by the end isolated from at least 36 species of infection in previous outbreaks caused of summer 2002.1 mosquitoes in North America8; Culex inapparent disease in avian populations; WNV is a zoonotic disease requiring a pipiens is considered the primary vector.3,9 however, high avian mortality rates in mosquito vector. The virus maintains One important aspect of the transmission both wild and captive birds have been the itself in nature by cycling between of WNV from birds to other species is norm with the strain recently introduced mosquitoes and birds. Birds are known host-feeding preference. Many species of into the United States.15 Limited research amplification hosts; the majority of mosquitoes feed exclusively on birds and has also been conducted to determine the viremic birds sustain an infectious viremia are therefore able to maintain the virus in seriousness of WNV in other species, for 1 to 4 days, allowing uninfected nature. Other mosquitoes do not feed including our animal companions, mosquitoes that subsequently exclusively on one species but are particularly dogs and cats. feed on them to become indiscriminate or opportunis- This research has demonstrated that infected.2 Other mammals tic feeders. These mosqui- domestic dogs and cats are susceptible to and reptiles are generally toes are known as bridge infection by WNV.16 A study done in considered incidental hosts vectors, because they can Louisiana following an epidemic in 2002 because they do not achieve transmit the virus from by Kile, et al., demonstrated that dogs effective levels of viremia to birds to other animals, have a higher rate of seroconversion than infect mosquitoes.3 including humans. cats. Seroprevalence in dogs was approxi- WNV is transmitted to In the United States, WNV mately 25%, versus approximately 9% in humans primarily by infected was initially diagnosed in humans, cats.17 However, the fact that dogs and mosquitoes that feed on them, but other but that diagnosis was preceded by cats can become infected with WNV methods have been documented, widespread reports of dead birds in New does not mean that they will necessarily including laboratory exposures,4 York City.10 WNV infection causes a rare, become clinically ill. consumption of infected breast milk, occasionally lethal, meningoencephalitis Like humans, dogs and cats that infected blood products received during in less than 1% of human cases. The most become infected with WNV most transfusion, and organ transplantation.5 A common clinical aspect in humans is a commonly have an inapparent infection.18 single human case of transplacental mild, self-limiting febrile illness, which The only clinical sign noted in dogs transmission has also been documented.6 occurs in approximately 20% of experimentally infected with WNV was a To date, there is no documented human seropositive human infections, but myopathy so mild that it was detected by case of WNV acquired directly from an typically humans have an inapparent an elevated creatine kinase value on infected animal.7 infection.11,12 blood-chemistry analysis.19 In a limited 4 HARTZ COMPANION ANIMAL ® SM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1
  • 5. study by Austgen, et al., cats exhibited a diagnosis when used conjointly with Nile Virus Questions and Answers. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/ mild clinical disease that lasted 2 to 4 clinical signs that are consistent with qa/transmission.htm; accessed June 30, 2003. days.18 Signs were non-neurologic and WNV infection. At present, no commercial 8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: included lethargy, a moderate decrease in ELISA for detecting IgM/G antibody in Provisional surveillance summary of the West Nile virus epidemic—United States, January–November appetite, and a mild febrile response.18 dogs or cats exists. 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rpt In rare cases, dogs and cats with severe 51(50):1129–1133, 2002. neurologic disease similar to that seen in Treatment 9. Turell MJ, O’Guinn M, Oliver J: Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus. Am J birds, horses, and humans have been Currently, there is also no definitive Trop Med Hyg 62(3):413–414, 2000. determined to be infected with WNV. treatment for WNV other than 10. Marfin AA, Petersen LR, Eidson M, et al: Immune-compromised animals are at a supportive care. The best method for Widespread West Nile virus activity, Eastern higher risk for more serious sequelae.19 preventing WNV infection in humans United States, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7(4):730–735, 2001. From 2000 through 2002, the Centers for and companion animals is limiting 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) exposure to mosquitoes. Research has Weekly update: A serosurvey for West Nile ArboNet, the national electronic demonstrated a positive correlation Virus infection in New York and Connecticut counties, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly surveillance system established by the between an increase in the amount of Rpt 50:37–39, 2001. CDC to assist states in tracking WNV time an animal spends outdoors and an 12. Mostashari F, Bunning ML, Kitsutani PT, et and other mosquito-borne viruses, increase in the rate of seroconversion to al: Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: Results of a household-based reported 3 WNV-positive cats and 7 WNV.16,17 Following is a list of seroepidemiological survey. Lancet dogs.20 However, the importance of WNV recommendations developed by the CDC 358(9278):261–264, 2001. infection in dogs and cats should be kept to reduce the risk of exposure: 13. Joubert L, Oudar J, Hannoun C, Chippaus M: Reproduction experiméntale de la meníngeo- in perspective. The number of human I Eliminate areas of standing water encephalomyelite du cheval par l’arbovirus cases of WNV infection reported in 2002 West Nile. 3. Relations entre la virolgie, la around the house, i.e., drain standing was 4,156 compared to 7 canine cases and serologie et l’evolution anatomy-clinique. pools, clean gutters, and empty bird- Consequeces epidemiologiquest et 1 feline case reported in the same year.21 baths. prophylactiques. Bull Acad Vet Fr 159–167, Current research results indicate that 1971. dogs and cats do not play an important role I Minimize outdoor activities at dawn 14. Bunning M, Bowen R, Cropp B, et al: as amplifier hosts for WNV and therefore and in the early evening. Experimental infection of horses with West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8(4):380–386, do not play an important role in its I For humans only, wear long-sleeved 2002. maintenance in nature.18,19 From a public shirts and pants when outdoors and 15. Kramer LD, Bernard KA: West Nile Virus health perspective, this indicates that infection in birds and mammals. Am NY Acad apply insect repellent, according to Sci 951:89–93, 2001. companion animal owners are unlikely to labeled directions, to exposed skin 16. Komar N, Panella N, Boyce E: Exposure of have an elevated risk for infection with and clothing.22 domestic mammals to West Nile virus during WNV due to pet ownership. an outbreak of human encephalitis, New York City, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7(4):736–738, References 2001. Diagnosis 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: West 17. Kile J, Panella N, Chow C, et al: West Nile Nile Virus Statistics, Surveillance, and Control. Diagnosis of WNV in a dog or cat Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ virus serosurvey of domestic canines and felines during an epidemic—Louisiana, 2002. should be based on clinical signs with dvbid/westnile/surv&control03Maps02.htm; Unpublished data. supportive serology. Other neurologic accessed June 20, 2003. 18. Austgen LE, Bowen RA, Bunning ML, et al: 2. Komar N: West Nile virus encephalitis. Rev Sci diseases should be included in the Tech 19(1):166–176, 2000. Experimental infection of cats and dogs with differential diagnosis (e.g., other arboviruses West Nile virus: Mosquito-borne and oral 3. Hayes CG: West Nile fever, in Monath TP (ed): transmission. Unpublished data. and rabies). A fourfold increase in serum The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, vol V. 19. Blackburn NK, Reyers F, Berry WL, Boca Raton, FL, CDC Press, 1989, pp 59–88. neutralization titer (PRNT) between Shephard AJ: Susceptibility of dogs to West 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: appropriately timed acute and convalescent Nile virus: A survey and pathogenic trial. J Laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infections: Comp Path 100(1):59–66, 1989. serum samples is diagnostic for WNV.2 United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rpt 51(50):1133–1135, 2002. 20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Other tests that can be helpful in ArboNet unpublished data. 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: diagnosing WNV in companion animals Update: Investigations of West Nile virus infection 21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: include a positive polymerase chain in recipients of organ transplantation and blood West Nile Virus Update, Current Case Count. transfusion. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rpt Available at http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/ reaction (PCR) on serum or tissue samples 51(37):833–836, 2002. media/wncount.htm; accessed June 18, 2003. and immunohistochemistry (IHC). These 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: two diagnostic tests will not provide a Intrauterine West Nile virus infection—New York, West Nile Virus Questions and Answers. 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rpt Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ definitive diagnosis of WNV disease by 51(50):1135–1136, 2002. dvbid/westnile/qa/prevention.htm; accessed themselves but can provide a confirmatory 7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: West June 15, 2003. HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1 5
  • 6. Only a scientist would notice that something so attractive to humans could be so repulsive to fleas, ticks and mosquitoes. Chrysanthemums. Fleas. Chrysanthemums. Fleas. Not exactly a connection most people would make. And yet sci- entists discovered that a synthetic derivative of the chrysanthemum flower called phenothrin kills fleas, ticks and mosquitoes incredibly well. The same phenothrin you’ll find in Hartz Advanced Care Brand® Plus+. Phe- nothrin is so effective that it’s used to protect food supplies and has one of the EPA’s lowest toxicity pro- files for insecticides. And by combining it with (S )-methoprene, a proven insect growth regulator, Hartz Advanced Care Brand® Plus+ protects against more parasites—fleas, ticks, mosquitoes and flea eggs—than any other monthly topical brand. Maybe that’s why pets find it so attractive. Even if they don’t have the slightest clue what it is. Our veterinarians and PhDs offers veterinarians an effective, test it. Independent companies lower-cost alternative to rec- test it. Then the government ommend to your clients. Vet- tests the tests. erinary offices around the country have already begun It borders on obsession, dispensing it, with the goal we admit. But to our highly of reducing the percentage of respected staff veterinarians unprotected pets. After all, for and PhDs, relentless testing is those who care about animals’ an integral part of developing well-being, any percentage of new pet products. unprotected pets is too high. Take Hartz Advanced We’re as committed to pets Care Brand® Plus+, for as you are. Really. instance. First we subjected At Hartz, we’ve it to a series of highly sophisticated Chrysanthemum made a strong tests in our state-of-the-art laboratory. promise to help Then, we gave it to independent 50% of pets go without flea & tick pets become healthier and happier, companies, which did extensive studies protection. (It’s not their fault.) by continuing to introduce innovative, out in the field. Finally, we submitted scientifically proven products. Perhaps A client brings their flea-infested pet it to government agencies for review, just as importantly, we’re making a into your office. You prescribe a earning a stamp of approval for commitment to veterinarians as well, treatment for them. And then they effectiveness on both dogs and cats. by listening closely to your concerns leave without it. and striving to be a better partner. Even after all of that, we’re still You’re not alone. According to the But don’t just take our word for constantly testing new formulas, American Pet Products Manufacturers it. Call our Consumer Relations trying to find an even better Association®, over half of all pets aren’t Department at 1-800-275-1414 and flea, tick and mosquito getting treated for fleas & ticks,* partly ask to talk to a Hartz veterinarian, treatment. It’s an because their owners can’t afford the who will gladly share with you all obsession, remember? leading brand. Which is why Hartz the progress we’ve made recently. *American Pet Product Manufacturers Association 2001-2002 National Pet Owners Survey
  • 7. Albert Ahn, DVM, is a veterinarian, Chief Scientific Officer and Corporate Vice President at The Hartz Mountain Corporation. ASK TH E VET Q Why is Hartz sponsoring this newsletter? Hartz is your partner in animal health. We share Q Does Hartz still sell permethrin topical spot flea and tick products in the United States? I have heard and seen the outcome when unknowing pet owners accidentally the same goal. According to the American Pet apply a permethrin product to their cat. A Products Manufacturing Association, over 50% of America’s dogs and cats do not receive adequate flea and tick protection. You see them every day in A Hartz has discontinued the manufacture of permethrin topical spot products for the U.S. market. Hartz believes that the risk of accidental your practice. They are able to afford annual application to cats is too great and there are better vaccinations, and maybe the ever-important alternatives available to pet owners. Hartz is heartworm preventative, but that’s all they can continuously evaluating new technologies and afford. Should we deny these pets the flea and tick innovations in the area of ectoparasite control. protection they require? Even one unprotected pet Please consider that there are several other is too many. Hartz offers an affordable means for companies that still manufacture and sell those pet owners to obtain the protection they so permethrin-based topical flea and tick products. desperately need for their pet. The end result is a happier pet. Hartz is improving the health of pets and encouraging pet owners to visit your practice. Q Your dewormer product, Hartz® Health measures® Once-a-Month Wormer, contains piperazine. What steps has Hartz taken to offer pet owners more Through our advertising and promotional efforts broad-spectrum protection? we are encouraging all pet owners to visit their A veterinarian at least two times per year, and we Hartz® recently introduced Hartz® Rid WormTM encourage pet owners to seek out their (pyrantel pamoate) Chewable Flavored Dog Wormer veterinarian for recommendations on appropriate Tablets. Pyrantel pamoate has a wonderful history in products that they should use to maintain and the veterinary community of providing dogs with improve the health of their pet. protection from roundworms and hookworms. This product will replace our existing formulations in order to offer pet owners a higher level of protection. We want to hear from you! • Have questions or comments? Call our Consumer Relations Department at 800-275-1414 and ask to speak to a Hartz staff veterinarian or email us at feedback@hartz.com. • To obtain a Hartz Veterinary Catalog, please call 800-999-3000 x5118 or email us at feedback@hartz.com. HARTZ® COMPANION ANIMALSM • AUGUST 2003 • VOL. 1, NO. 1 7
  • 8. Veterinarians Get a “Thank You” From Their Clients by Being Nominated for the Hartz Veterinarian of the Year Contest For the past 77 years, Hartz has celebrated the Human– Cat Fancy®) to bring pet owners the “Veterinarian of the Year” Animal Bond, and as veterinarians you are instrumental in Contest. This contest gives pet owners the opportunity to fostering this very important relationship between people nominate their veterinarian as the Hartz “Veterinarian of the and their pets. “The veterinary health care professional Year.” Pet owners can write in and tell Hartz why they feel supports the Human–Animal Bond by providing both their veterinarian is deserving of this honor. Prizes being valuable information and professional services to pet owners,” awarded include one Grand prize ($1,500 in cash and $500 says Bob Devine, president and CEO of Hartz. “Regular visits worth of Hartz® products plus $5,000 in cash for the winning to the veterinarian will help maintain good health in pets. veterinarian) and two First Runner Up prizes ($750 in cash Hartz is proud to sponsor a contest which recognizes the and $250 worth of Hartz® products plus $2,500 in cash for veterinarian’s role in the Human–Animal Bond.” the winning veterinarian). Pet owners get a chance to say “thank you” for emergency Entry forms and official contest rules are published in the visits and calm reassurances by nominating their vet for the September issue of Dog Fancy and Cat Fancy magazines. This Hartz Veterinarian of the Year contest. This year, Hartz has is a chance for pet owners to let veterinarians know just how teamed up with Fancy Publications® (Dog Fancy® and much their care and concern has meant over the years. Veterinary Learning Systems PRESORTED STANDARD 780 Township Line Road U.S. POSTAGE Yardley, PA 19067 PAID BENSALEM, PA PERMIT #118