Tom Friedman is a New York Times columnist known for his coverage of the Arab-Israeli conflict. He identified three phases of globalization: Globalization 1.0 from 1492-1800 driven by countries and muscles; Globalization 2.0 from 1800-2000 driven by multinational corporations; and Globalization 3.0 from 2000 onward driven by empowered individuals outside the US and Europe using technologies like the internet. Friedman defined the world becoming "flat" as a global, web-enabled playing field allowing collaboration in real time without regard to geography.