3. Contents
Introduction
Purpose
Stages
Collection of data
Tips for collecting data
Source criticism
Example
Limitation
Conclusion
4. Introduction
Historical method is for to study the past
in order to understand the present and
may be plan the future
It is a system or right procedure for attainment
of historical truth
Also known as documentary method
5. purpose
Uncover the unknown
Answer question
It throws light on present and future trends
To learn how things were done in the past to see if they
might be applicable to present day problems
To make people aware of what has happened in the past
so, they may learn from past failure and success.
To assist interpretation
6. Stages
Identification of problem
Formulating hypothesis
Collection of data/fact
Evaluation of data( organizing data)
Interpretation of data
Conclusion
Decision making
7. Collection of data
Primary sources:-testimony of any eye witness ,
or of a senses by any other of the senses or of a
mechanical device like Dictaphone- Gottschalk
Documents-Annual reports
o Newspaper reports
o Personal diaries
o Autobiographies
Numerical records:-Attendance figures
o Census reports
o School budgets
9. Secondary sources:- second hand information
Chance of errors due to passing of information
from one sources to another
E.g.:- Text books, biographies,encyclopadies,
reference book
Continues…..
10. An instance
If a man decided to do research related to 1st war
of Indian independence , he can collect primary
data from the participant of 1st war of Indian
independence.(he has direct physical relation to
that event, he is eyewitness)and he can collect
secondary data from the biography of that eye
witness or participant.
11. Tips for collecting data
At least by more than one source should normally be
used for to avoid false information
Indication of the originality of the sources increases it’s
reliability
Among many primary source or original sources,
preference should be given to the one which is
contemporary to the event or nearer in time to the period
of the event under investigation
(if a researcher decided to do research relating
to Malabar rebellion- 1921, he should accept data
source, which is adjacent or nearest to the period 1921)
12. Source criticism
Garraghan divides source criticism in to 6 inquiries
When was the source , written or unwritten,
produced(date)
Where was it produced(localization)
By whom was it produced(authorship)
From what pre-existing material was it
produced(analysis)
In what original form was it produced(integrity)
What is the evidential value of its (content credibility)
13. External criticism
Determining the authenticity, validity, or trust
worthiness of the sources
Internal criticism
Determination of the reliability or accuracy of
the information contained in the source.
15. Limitation
Historical method of research is limited to what ever data
are available
Collection of facts relating to very old event is a problem
, as sufficient data may not be available in such cases
Historical events are those taken place in the past, these
occur only once and can’t be reproduced or recreated for
experimentation
Invaders and rulers of different dynasties may
sometimes change the shape and originality of a
monument which may result in a faulty conclusion
16. Interpreting source is very time consuming
Source of historical materials may be
problematic
Any single evidence (document)can make the
entire research report vague
Historical writing may be biased
Continue……
17. Conclusion
Everything we always start from what history tell us
This is the only method that can study evidence from the past
Well suited for trend analysis
Unobtrusive in nature
Seven steps are there
Collection of data is the soul of it
Number of limitation are there, but is the only method study
from past