1. Welcome to our
presentation

2. Group no: 02
Name Id
Abu Raihan 1615015
Eila Khatun 1615038

3. The topic for our presentation
 The Functionalist theories :Durkheim,
kinsley Davis-Willbert Moore

4. Outline
 Introduction
 Email Durkheim theories of social inequality
 Functionlaism
 Division of labour
 Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
 Organic Solidarity
 Email Durkheim
 Main works of Durkheim
 Kinsley Davis theories of social inequality
 Functionalist view of wilbert moore
 Summary of the moore and Davis thesis
 Criticism of the Davis and Moore thesis
 Conclusion :
 Thanks to all.

5. Email Durkheim theories of
Social inequality
 Email Durkheim was a well-know sociologist famous for his views
on the structure of society. His work focused on how traditional and
modern Societies evolved and function.Durkheim theories were
founded on the concept of social facts, defined as thehe
norms,values and structure of society.
 This perspective of society of differed from other sociologists of his
era As Durkheims theories were founded on things external in
nature as opposed to those internal in nature ;such as the
motivations and desires of individuals.According to Durkheim
collective consciousness, values and rules are critical to a functional
society.

6. Functionalism
 Functionalism emphasizesa social equilibrium. It
something happens to disrupt the order and the flow
of the system ;Society must adjust to achieve a
stable state.
 According to Durkheim, Society should be analyzed
and described in terms of function.
 Society is a system of interrelated parts where no
one part changes, ot has an impact on society as a
whole.

7. Functionalism
 For example, The state provides public education for children. The
family of the children pays taxes,which the user for public education
go on tobecome law abiding and working citizens, who pay taxex to
support the state
 lets look at this example again. The state provides public education
for children. But a disruption or disequilibrium is the system occurs-
perhaps the education is the subpar and the children dropout and
become criminals. The system adjust to improve the education and
attemptss to rehabilitate the criminal for them to bee becon law-
abiding and taxpaying citizens.
 Durkhei actually viewed crime and deliquent behaviour as a normal
and necessary occurrences in the social system he proposed that
crime led to reactionss from Society about the crime.These shared
reactionss were used to create common consensus of what individuals
felt were moral and ethical norms by which to abide..

8. Division of Labour
 Durkheim concept of the division of labour focused on the shift in
societies from a simple society to one that is more complex.
 He argued that traditional Societies were made up of
homogeneous. People that were more or less same in the terms of
values, religious, beliefs and backgroundss.
 Modern Societies, in contrast, are made up of a complex division
of labour, beliefss and backgrounds.
 .In the traditional Societies,the collective consciousness ruled,
Social norms were strong and social behaviour was well
regulated.In modern societies common consciousness was less
oblivious was less punitive and more restitutive,amining to restore
bormal aactivity to society.

9. Machanical and Organic Solidarity
 Machanical Solidarity occurs wwhen individual whitin
Structural units are a lilike and self-suffiicient.
 For example, In traditional Societies, people prew their
own food,made their own clolthes and had little need for
extensive Social contact with others because they did not
have to rely on other for daily needs.

10. Organic Solidarity
 Organic Solidarity is when a large population is stratified
into Smaller Structural units. there's a high level of
interdependence among individuals and structures but
thes still a ddivision of people a llong the lines of type.
 Durkheim recognized that things llike increased
communication, transportation and I
interaction with oothers resulted in the social cchange
from a mmechanical solidarity to organic.

11. Email Durkheim
 Email Durkheim [1858-1917] was most iimportant
French Sociologist of the 19th Century. He was an erudite
Scholar, aa deep thinker; a progressive educationalist;an
effective Writer. Durkheim was born in a jewish family at
Epinal in the eastern. French on 15 th April 1885.

12. Main Works of Dukheim
1"The Division of labour in society
",1893
2"The Rules of Sociological Method
",1895
3"Suicide ",1897
4"The Elementary forms of religious
life;1911

13. Kinslely Davis theories of social inequality
 Kinsley Davis maintained that conflict may facilitate stratification
but has never originated it.He aattributed social stratification to
inherited individual differences iin environmental condition.
 Kinsley Davis has stated that the stratification system is universal.
 According to him, It has come into being due to the functional
necessity of the social system.
 The main fubctional nnecessity is,"the requirement faced by any
society of placing and motivating individual in the Social structure.
"
 Social stratification is ann unconsciously evolved device by which
Societies ensure that the most important positions are consciously
filled by the most qualified person.

14. Functionalist view of Wilbert Moore
 Wilbert Moore (1945)Society must distribute its members
among a variety of social position. It must not only make
sure that these positions are filled.but also see that they
are staffed by people with the appropriate talents and
abilities. Rewards, including money and prestige are
based on the important of a position and the relative-
scarcity of qualified personal.
 Moore argue that stratification is universal and that social
inequality is necessary so that people will bee motivated
to fill functionally important positions.

15. Summary of the Moore and Davis
thesis
1.Social positions have varying degrees of functional
iimportance.
2.Telented and trained individuals are scarce because acquisition of training and
skills
requires people to be sufficiently motivated to pursue them.
3.Stratification or distribution of rewards ensures that the most talented
and trained individualss will fulfill the social roles of greatest
important.

16. Criticism of the Davis and Moore thesis
a.Scarcity of rewards is not a"natureal" scarcity. but rather an arti'cal scarcity
especially within a system of private property in production property is
for example, exclusionaary rights.
b.Some rewards are not functionally determined at all,but rather must be
understood,.within the context of wealth ownership and institution of
inheritance.

17. Conclusion

18. Thanks to all.