1. The meaning of ‘Ethics’
Ethics is a theory or the branch of knowledge that deals with
moral principles. It is an area of study that deals with ideas
about what is right and what is wrong.
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By Nurul Hanim Hussein Shah

2. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
Main types of ethics:
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3. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
Reliability and Integrity
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Reliability refers to how well a computer system
works: if it functions as intended, or fails and
crashes. Integrity refers to the correctness of
data. For example, airports require back up
systems if system fails as it would cause a
catastrophe. Hospitals require integrity data to be
inputted to a patients record as human error
could occur. Potential hacking which can alter
data to be something it is not.

4. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
Social Impacts:
ITGS
An example of social impacts in ‘Reliability and Integrity’ is:
From the articles about medical mistakes, it tells us that we know
that the stakeholders for this issue is the doctors and staffs in the
hospital who is controlling the technology allowing to make medical
errors which affects the patients health in that particular hospitals.
Advantages:
http://freakngenius.com/v/c2gXV
Disadvantage:
http://freakngenius.com/v/n2hns
A way to solve this issue from appearing again, the stakeholders
must propose a way to develop a more reliable and efficient
technology for their product, which is their database to avoid
medical errors.

5. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
ITGS
Ethical Issues:
An example of ethical issues in ‘Reliability and Integrity’ is:
From the articles about apple product jailbreaks, it tells us that we
know that the stakeholders for this issue is the evad3rs team in the
planetbeing profile. According to some of the laws that has applied
to this scenario is that jailbreaks are illegal and that it is considered
a crime in some countries such as Canada the Canadian Copyright
Act. A way to solve this issue from appearing again is that the
stakeholders, the apple company, should propose a way to develop
a more reliable IT system for their products, which is efficient for
the users from all over the world to use it. Unfortunately, there can
be consequences to these decisions which is having difficulties and
problems with their IT system so they have
to do it step by step to assure that their IT
system works properly.

6. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
ITGS
Authenticity
Authenticity involves a user providing their
identity to gain access to a computer
system. For example, username and
Password, Biometric authentications and
finger prints.

7. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
Social Impacts:
ITGS
An example of social impacts in ‘Authenticity’ is:
From the articles about security token and smart card
authentication, it tells us that we know that the stakeholders for
this issue is the users of the token/smart card which are the
employees of the company so they have the right identities to the
right people.
Advantages:
http://iyak.it/v/M2hp6
Disadvantage:
http://iyak.it/v/B2hp7
A way to solve this issue is that the records should be kept of
employees who received a token, and a verification
process should be implemented to ensure that each
specific token is being given to the proper employee.

8. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
ITGS
Ethical Issues:
An example of ethical issues in ‘Authenticity’ is:
From the articles about, ethical issues of data reporting and the
quest for authenticity is that the people who are responsible are the
Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Code of Conduct and
American College of Emergency Physicians Code of Ethics because
of how they need to do an accurate scientific research on how to
improve the authentication of the people all over the world more
efficiently. According to the policies, Authenticity is important in our
life so our datas are kept safe and secure. Unfortunately, some
people these days can hack into your profile by stealing your
identity. A way to solve this, the government needs to provide a
high secure IT system, so that it is hard for people to get into
account. Therefore, the consequences of this solution is that it
might cause people’s life by causing them to be threatened for their
identities.

9. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
ITGS
People and Machines
People and Machines concerns the way
that humans interact with IT. For example,
Many people trust computers intrinsically,
and this has consequences when they fail.

10. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
Social Impacts:
ITGS
An example of social impacts in ‘People and Machines’ is:
From the documentary about Medical robot, the stakeholders for
this impact is the builders because of how they are involved in
building this technologies and making sure that they are being used
properly and correctly.
Advantages:
The advantage of this that the IT system works more efficiently and
prevents from human-errors to a appear.
Disadvantage:
The disadvantage is that it needs to work in a safer and suitable
environment so it doesn’t get distracted to other environments such
as a busy and crowded environment.
A way to solve this issue is that they just have to keep the IT
system in a well-secured and safe environment.

11. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
ITGS
Ethical Issues:
An example of ethical issues in ‘People and Machines’ is:
From the articles about ergonomics is that it tells us that the people
who are responsible for this issue are the builders and the people
who might be affected by this issue are the users of the IT system.
There are laws to this issue which is that people needs to know how
the system works. Therefore to prevent the issue of the way of how
people connect with the machine is that they need to have full
knowledge on how they have to use the IT system correctly.
The consequence of this decision that some people might have a
hard time catching up to
things.

12. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
ITGS
Digital Citizenship
Digital citizenship involves being a good
citizen in a digital world. For example,
using websites and social networking sites
correctly and safely according to the given
policies.

13. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
Social Impacts:
ITGS
An example of social impacts in ‘Digital Citizenship’ is:
In the article about ‘Being a good digital citizen includes both rights
and responsibilities’ tells us that the stakeholders of this article are
the users of the social networking websites since they need to know
how to communicate with people correctly.
Advantages:
The advantage of this is that people who are using the website and
social networking can communicate easily and safely with other
users when they are following the rules.
Disadvantage:
The disadvantage is that some people might ignore these rules and
causing cyber bullying to occur and this may affect the victim of
cyber-bullying’s health.
A way to solve this problem is that government should take
advantage to prevent this issue from occurring in a daily basis.

14. Nurul Hanim Binti Hussein Shah
ITGS
Ethical Issues:
An example of ethical issues in ‘Digital Citizenship’ is:
From this article, it tells us that the people who are responsible in
this issue are the creator of social networking sites and the one who
is affected by it are the social networkers and users of this IT
system. The law for this issue is that it needs to be used correctly.
Unfortunately, Twitter have played a role in the organization of the
protests, it (along with Facebook) was widely used as a
communication tool by the opposition. Although the Islamic
republic’s government also tried to enforce a ban against foreign
media coverage of the uprising, dissident supporters and journalists
kicked its censorship decree in the proverbial nards. Digital citizens
everywhere took to the virtual streets, protecting the anonymity of
Iran’s in-country news sources while spreading real-time
information across every channel possible. To avoid this from
occurring, social networkers need to be aware of the way that
socialize in public.