first aid

1. FIRST AID

2. WHAT IS FIRST AID ?
First Aid is "measures to be taken
immediately after an accident not to cure
but in order to prevent further harm being
done".
It uses the available human and material
resources at the site of accident to provide
initial care to the victim of injury or sudden
illness until more advance care is provided.

3. GOALS OF FIRST AID
First Aid has the following main
objectives:
(i) To preserve life
(ii) To prevent the victim's condition from
worsening
(iii) To promote recovery

4. FIRST AID KIT
 Cotton wool
 Adhesive tape
 Crepe bandage
 Sterile Dressing
 Bandage
 Scissors
 Glove
 Soap
 Pain reliever
 ORS Packets
Following are the contents of a First Aid Kit :

6. WHEN DO YOU DO CPR?
CPR is a lifesaving procedure that is performed when
someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped, as in
cases of electric shock, drowning, or heart attack.
CPR is a combination of: Rescue breathing, which
provides oxygen to a person's lungs. Chest
compressions, which keep the person's blood
circulating.

7. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT [BLS]
We are dealing with
AIRWAY
BREATHING
CIRCULATION

8. CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

9. CHECK THE SCENE FOR DANGER.
APPROACH SAFETY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
OPEN AIRWAY
CHECK BREATHING
30 CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
2 RESCUE BREATHS
• Secure the SCENE
• Take VICTIM away from risk
• Re assure safety RESCUER
• And BYSTANDER

10. CHECK RESPONSE
Shake shoulders gently
Ask “Are you all right?”
To See if the person is
conscious.

11. OPEN AIRWAY
Head tilt and chin
lift

12. AIRWAY OPENING BY NECK EXTENSION

13. HEAD TILT, CHIN LIFT + JAW THRUST

14. CHECK BREATHING
Place your ear near the
person's lips and listen.
Watch her chest at the
same time

15. Call for
ambulance team
122

16. START CHEST COMPRESSIONS
30 chest
compression
followed by 2 rescue
breathing in each
cycle

17. CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Place the heel of one hand in the
centre of the chest
Place other hand on top
Interlock fingers
Compress the chest
Rate 100 min-1
Depth 4-5 cm
Equal compression : relaxation
When possible change CPR operator
every 2 min

20. - If the
unconscious
person was
breathing
- If the person
recovered after
CPR

21. IF VICTIM STARTS TO BREATHE NORMALLY
PLACE IN RECOVERY POSITION

25. HOW TO SAVE SOMEONE CHOKING
Choking occurs when a foreign object becomes
lodged in the throat or windpipe, blocking the
flow of air.
the universal sign for choking is hands clutched to
the throat. If the person doesn't give the signal,
look for these indications:
 Inability to talk
 Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing
 Inability to cough forcefully
 Skin, lips and nails turning blue or dusky
 Loss of consciousness

26. BACK BLOWS
Give 5 back
blows. First,
deliver five back
blows between
the person's
shoulder blades
with the heel of
your hand.

27. ABDOMINAL THRUSTS
Give 5 abdominal
thrusts. Perform
five abdominal
thrusts (also
known as the
Heimlich
maneuver).
Alternate between 5 blows and 5
thrusts until the blockage is

28. ABDOMINAL THRUSTS (HEIMLICH MANEUVER)
• Stand behind the person. Wrap your arms around
the waist. Tip the person forward slightly.
• Make a fist with one hand. Position it slightly
above the person's navel.
• Grasp the fist with the other hand. Press hard
into the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust — as
if trying to lift the person up.
• Perform a total of 5 abdominal thrusts, if
needed. If the blockage still isn't dislodged, repeat
the five-and-five cycle.

30. BLEEDING
Wear gloves
Expose the wound and
elevate the area if possible.
Apply direct pressure
over the wound to stop
the bleeding.
Cover the wound
If a body part has
been amputated,
put it on ice
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

32. BURNS
• First-degree burns—Reddened,
painful skin
• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring,
deep tissue damage
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

33. First- and second-degree burns may be treated with cold,
running water for relief of pain. Then cover the burned area
with a moist, sterile dressing. Don’t break blisters on second-
degree burns.
Third-degree burns are the most serious and can even be life
threatening. With third-degree burns the skin is destroyed, you
see charring and deep tissue damage. You may even see
exposed bones. For third-degree burns, call 122 immediately,
and keep the victim comfortable until help arrives.

35. EYE INJURIES
•Cuts, Foreign object in the
eye
1.Do not wash out the eye.
2.Do not try to remove a foreign
object stuck in the eye.
3.Seek medical attention.
• Chemical burn.
1.Flush the eye with cool
running water.
2.Open the eyelids as wide as
possible.
3.Seek medical attention.
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

37. FRACTURES
1.Instruct the injured person to remain still ,
support the area and keep it still.
2.Do not attempt to move the affected part.
3.Stabilize the injured part with a hard subject
before transferring the patient
4.Apply a sterile dressing to any wounds and
control bleeding.
5.Seek medical advice promptly.