How do you find theoretical yield for the following prelab report--- R.docx

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How do you find theoretical yield for the following prelab report... Reaction Equation: T-pentyl alcohol HCl t-pentyl chloride Water MW: 88.2 g/mol 36.5 g/mol 106.6 g/mol 18.0 g/mol MP/BP: -12 C -62.25 C -73 C 0 C Density: 0.805 g/mL 1.2 g/mL .865 g/mL 1 g/mL Procedures: Preparation of t-Pentyl Chloride With a pipet, place 2.0mL of t-pentyl alcohol in a preweighed 15 mL screw-cap centrifuge tube. Reweigh the vial. Record. Add 5 mL of hydrochloric acid. Cap. Shake for 1 minute. Open. Reshake for 3 additional minutes. Allow the mixture to stand, until the alkyl halide product separates. NOTE: T-pentyl chloride should be the top layer. Add a few drops of HCl With a pipette, remove the aqueous layer. Discard. Extraction Do the following as fast as possible. Wash the organic layer by adding 2 mL of water. Shake the mixture for a few seconds. Let the layers reform. With a pipette, remove the aqueous layer. Discard. Add 2 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate to the organic layer. Gently mix the two phases in the centrifuge tube with a stirring rod until they are thoroughly mixed. Close the centrifuge tube and shake for 1 minute. Venting occasionally. Repeat for another 30 seconds. Discard the aqueous layer. With a pipette transfer the organic layer to a dry conical vial. Dry the crude t-pentyl chloride over granular anhydrous sodium sulfate. Distillation The solution will be clear once it is dry. Carefully separate the alkyl halide from the drying agent and transfer it to a dry 5 mL conical vial. Add a microporous boiling stone and distill the crude t-pentyl chloride. With a pipette, transfer the product to a preweighed conical vial.Weigh. Calculate percent yield. Determine a boiling point. The bulb of the thermometer or the bottom of the temperature probe must be placed below the side arm. Determine the infrared spectrum of the alkyl halide. ?? Solution Theoretical yield = molar mass of product × mass of reactant taken in g ÷ molar mass of reactant . Here theoretical yield = molar mass of t-pentyl chloride × mass of t-pentyl alcohol ÷ molar mass of t-pentyl alcohol . Mass of t-pentyl alcohol = volume × density = 2mL × 0.805 g/mL = 1.61 g . So , theoretical yield = 106.6g/mol × 1.61g ÷ 88.2g/mol = 1.95 g . Hence theoretical yield of the reaction is 1.95 g of t-pentyl chloride . Rate if it helps you . .

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Close the centrifuge tube and shake for 1 minute. Venting occasionally. Repeat for another 30
seconds.
Discard the aqueous layer. With a pipette transfer the organic layer to a dry conical vial.
Dry the crude t-pentyl chloride over granular anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Distillation
The solution will be clear once it is dry.
Carefully separate the alkyl halide from the drying agent and transfer it to a dry 5 mL conical
vial.
Add a microporous boiling stone and distill the crude t-pentyl chloride.
With a pipette, transfer the product to a preweighed conical vial.Weigh.
Calculate percent yield.
Determine a boiling point. The bulb of the thermometer or the bottom of the temperature probe
must be placed below the side arm.
Determine the infrared spectrum of the alkyl halide.
??
Solution
Theoretical yield = molar mass of product × mass of reactant taken in g ÷ molar mass of reactant
.
Here theoretical yield = molar mass of t-pentyl chloride × mass of t-pentyl alcohol ÷ molar mass
of t-pentyl alcohol .
Mass of t-pentyl alcohol = volume × density = 2mL × 0.805 g/mL = 1.61 g .

So , theoretical yield = 106.6g/mol × 1.61g ÷ 88.2g/mol = 1.95 g .
Hence theoretical yield of the reaction is 1.95 g of t-pentyl chloride .
Rate if it helps you .

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