Scientifique document

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Joint 8th Africa Business and Entrepreneurship
& 14th Makerere Leadership and Entrepreneurship
Conference
October 4-7, 2017
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
Wednesday October 4, 2017
11:00-5:30 pm Registration / Inscriptions
Commons Theater Entrance Hallway
Tours of VCU School of Business and VCU School of Engineering
1:00 pm, 2:00 pm, 2:30 pm, 3:00 pm, 3:30 pm, 4:00 pm, 4:30 pm
Information on walking tours of Richmond + post-conference options
Provided by a local travel agent (visit Williamsburg, Washington, DC)
Poster session set-up
James River Terrace
1:30-5:15 pm Doing Business in Africa Roundtable
Audience: Roundtable open to entrepreneurs, researchers, and government agencies or nonprofits
focused on business development.
Purpose: To align participants’ objectives with those of government stakeholders who are in a
position to help them connect American businesses with African partners, support existing and
new American investment in Africa, expand access for American businesses to finance their
exports to Africa and reduce barriers to trade and investment in Africa. The U.S. Stake in Africa
aligns well with the interests of conference participants as we advocate for and promote greater
U.S.-Africa trade and investment.
1:30-3:30 pm 1. Roundtable table discussion (Facilitated by Patricia Cummins, VCU)
Commonwealth Ballroom in the Student Commons
Roundtable speakers: They will address their roles in facilitating business development. Brief
introductions will be followed up during the roundtable breakout sessions and during
appointments made possible later in the conference.
Saliha Loucif and Fred Stewart, “Overview of U.S. Department of Commerce
Initiatives to Promote International Trade”, U.S. Department of Commerce International
Trade Administration (ITA). Joint presentation opens the roundtable with themes in line
with ITA’s Initiatives on Doing Business in Africa. (20 min.)

2. 2
Joshua Kaplan, “How the U.S. Commercial Service in Virginia works to assist local
small businesses.” Will give concrete examples of local entrepreneurs he helped recently.
Entrepreneur Duane Thompson of Sabrosa Foods will be introduced. (20 min.)
Lida Fitts, “Support for U.S. Companies and African Developers in African
Infrastructure” Will cover both grants programs for developing infrastructure – as well as
trade missions and workshops for introducing buyers and sellers.
(10 min.)
Ben Todd, “Role of the Export-Import Bank in Promotion of Trade between Africa & the
U.S.” (15 min.)
Betty Anne Teter and Grace Festa to discuss the roles of the Richmond Economic
Development Office and the Greater Richmond Partnership, and they will give examples
of how they helped. (20 min.)
Brahima Koné, “U.S. State Department Initiatives to Promote Trade through U.S.
embassies in Africa.” (15 min.)
Paul Grossman, Virginia Economic Development Partnership. (15 min.)
3:30-3:45 pm Coffee break
3:45-4:30 pm 2. Two breakout sessions
Commons – Richmond Salons 1 and 2
 Session 2A - Breakout session for entrepreneurs -- Develop best practices for getting
started in international trade led by Patricia Cummins, VCU; Saliha Loucif, Fred
Stewart, Josh Kaplan, Lida Fitts, varying roles of the International Trade
Administration and USTDA, Ben Todd, Export-Import Bank, entrepreneur Duane
Thompson, Sabrosa Foods, Kadiatou Bouadou Kouadio, INP-HB, Côte d’Ivoire,
Brahima Koné Faso Foods
Commons – Richmond Salons 3 and 4
 Session 2B - Breakout session for university researchers and international business
centers -- Develop best practices for helping local entrepreneurs make contacts and
develop business plans led by Van Wood, VCU; Issouf Soumaré, Laval U., Pierre
Yourougou, Syracuse U. & INPHB Côte d’Ivoire, Robin Edward Poulton, Epes
Mandala Consulting (serves as interpreter as needed), Paul Grossman, VEDP, Ahmed

3. 3
Diomande, Côte d’Ivoire Ministry of Commerce, Jean Akingeneye, Temple University,
USA, Mohamed Sako INP-HB Côte d’Ivoire.
4:30-5:15 pm Return to large group to summarize best practices and to plan follow-up
Commonwealth Ballroom in the Student Commons
5:30-7:00 pm 3. Reception with heavy hors d’oeuvres and networking
VCU Welcome – President Michael Rao
City of Richmond Welcome -- Mayor Levar M. Stoney
Recognition of invited dignitaries
Richmond Salons
7:15- 9:00 pm 4. Poster session – Projects of the VCU Medicines for All Institute /
Projets de l’Institut Médicaments pour Tous de VCU
Hosted by Perrer Tosso and Amna Nawaz, VCU
Summary of projects provided in English and French
Résumé des projets fourni en anglais et en français
James River Terrace in the Student Commons 2nd
floor
Project 1 / Projet 1 -- Perrer Tosso A Streamlined Synthesis of Anti-
bacterial Ciprofloxacin
Project 2 / Projet 2 -- Hari R Mangunuru High-yielding Semi-continuous
Flow Synthesis of Antimalarial Drug Hydroxychloroquine
Project 3 / Projet 3 -- Somi Amir The Application of a Continuous
Grignard Reaction in the Preparation of Fluconazole
Project 4 / Projet 4 -- Caleb Kong Increasing global access to the high-
volume HIV drug nevirapine through process intensification
Thursday October 5, 2017
7:45 am-4:45pam Registration (coffee, juice and muffins until 8:45 am)
Student Commons Theater
9:00 am – 5:00 pm Poster sessions continue on exhibit / Voir les posters
James River Terrace in the Student Commons, 2nd
floor
9:00 – 9:30 am 5. Opening Remarks

4. 4
Student Commons Theater
 Prof. Issouf Soumaré, Vice-President Program ABERS and Conference Co-Chair, Laval
University (Canada) – Introduced by Van Wood
 Prof. Pierre Yourougou, Executive Director ABERS, Syracuse University (USA) and
Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny (Côte d’Ivoire) – Introduced by
Patricia Cummins
 Prof. Patricia W. Cummins, Vice President ABERS and Conference Co-Chair, VCU,
Member and Past Chair, Richmond Sister Cities Commission -- brief welcome
 Prof. Van R. Wood, ABERS Executive Board Member and Conference Co-Chair,
Director of the VCU Center for International Business Advancement, Philip Morris
Endowed Chair in International Business, Professor of Marketing – brief welcome
 Prof. Kevin Allison – Vice President for Div. of Inclusive Excellence
 Prof. Roz Hobson Hargrave – Assoc. Vice President for Div. of Inclusive Excellence
 Recognition of Tanyelle Richardson, Senior Program Officer, U.S. Department of
Education – International Studies Division – recognized for Syracuse U. founding of
ABERS, for VCU business programs in North Africa, for VCU language and
international studies programs in West Africa -- Pierre Yourougou, Van Wood, Patricia
Cummins
9:30 – 10:00 6. Plenary session
Theater in the Student Commons
Tanyelle Richardson (U.S. Department of Education)
“IFLE Grant Programs Promoting Language and International Business in Africa”
10:00 – 10:30 Coffee break
10:30 - 11:45 am 7. Concurrent Plenary sessions
7A. Plenary session – Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable development
Theater in the Student Commons
Moderator and Translator: Robin Edward Poulton, Managing Partner, Epes Mandela
Consulting, VCU French West Africa Project affiliate faculty, and Vice President,
Virginia Friends of Mali
- Larry Morgan, President of Nations Roof, and Peter Maurer, EnerGen, “Nano-
grids and Micro-grids: Promoting Entrepreneurship in Africa” (30 min)

5. 5
- Nadia Salma Assad, Girls and Technology Specialist, Population Council in Sierra
Leone, “Building Adolescent Girls’ Entrepreneurship Skills to Deliver Protective and
Productive Materials and Technologies” (20 min)
- Madani Sissoko (Project Director) Richmond House in Ségou, Mali and other
humanitarian initiatives through the Richmond-Ségou Sister Cities Partnership /
Maison Richmond à Ségou (MALI) et d’autres initiatives humanitaires réalisés à
travers le jumelage Richmond-Ségou (In French) (20 min)
 7B. Plenary session – Doing business and entrepreneurship skill development
Richmond Salons
Moderator: Edith Basalirwa, Dean Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business
Administration, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
- Prof. Simon Gicharu, Chairman and Founder, Mt. Kenya University, Kenya,
“Challenges of Doing Business in the East African Region”
- Prof. Abdulai Salifu Asuro, Vice Chancellor of Tamale Technical University in
Ghana, “Entrepreneurship Education in Technical Universities and Polytechnics”
12:00-1:15 pm Luncheon Cabell Library 3rd floor lecture hall
 Speaker: Florizelle Liser, President and CEO of the Corporate Council on Africa
Introduction by Pierre Yourougou
1:30-3:00 pm 8. Concurrent sessions - 1
 Session 8-1A: Entrepreneurship Education 1 Commons – Richmond Salon 1
Moderator: Ahmed Diomande, Côte d’Ivoire Ministry of Commerce
- Entrepreneurial Intentions among University Students In East African Community:
Cases of Rwanda and Kenya, Friend S. Rukundo, Prof. Munyamasoko Cyeze
Emmanuel, Diamant Urayeneza, Cynthia Umutoni, Faustin Mwambari, Laval
University (Canada), Kigali Independent University ULK, Ministry of Labor of
Rwanda
- Triggers that Energize Potential Entrepreneurs: What we know about university
students in southern Ethiopia?, Tagesse Abo, Senbetie Toma, Mary Thuo, Tegegn
Hailu, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia
- Investigating IB Research on Africa: Why African Scholars Are Still Searching For
An Academic Voice On The Narratives, Abdoulkadre Ado, Ted Rogers School of

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Management, Ryerson University, Canada, Roseline Wanjiru, Newcastle Business
School, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
- Effects of Entreprenuership Education Training In TEVET – Zambia, Ms. Kantu
Mbozi, Technical and Vocational Teacher's College (TVTC), Luanshya, Zambia
 Session 8-1B: Business Financing and Financial Inclusion 1 Richmond Salon 2
Moderator: Jean Akingeneye, Temple University, USA
- SME Financing Constraints In Africa: Asset-Backed Lending vs Cash Flow Lending,
Joseph Eshun, East Stroudsburg University, USA, Ben Amoako-Adu, Wilfrid
Laurier University, Canada
- Financing of Social Business Enterprises in Africa: Towards an innovative and
potentially effective approach, Baba Dodo, Atehwah E. Che, University of Applied
Sciences of Bonn Rhein-Sieg, Bonn, Germany
- The Impact of Finance on Productivity of Smallholder Agricultural Farmers in Ghana,
Ralph Essem Nordjo, Charles Adjasi, University of Stellenbosch Business School,
South Africa
- Attitudes of Small Business Owners towards Payment of Income Tax in Uganda,
Waliya Gwokyalya, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
 Session 8-1C: Financial Inclusion and Growth 1 Commons-- Richmond Salon 3
Moderator: Prof. Victor Murinde, SOAS University of London, UK
- Mobile Finance, Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: An Empirical Analysis,
Christopher J. Green, Ahmad Hassan Ahmad, Fei Jiang, Loughborough
University, United Kingdom
- Inclusive Finance for SMEs in South Africa and its Impact on Growth and Inequality,
Elizabeth Lwanga Nanziri, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, UK
- Housing Finance and Inclusive Growth in Africa - Benchmarking, Determinants and
Effect, Christian-Lambert Nguena, The University of Dschang, Cameroon, Fulbert
Tchana Tchana, Albert G. Zeufack, The World Bank, USA
- The Interbank Market and Monetary Policy: Evidence Based on Kenya, Ye Bai,
Nottingham University Business School, UK, Christopher J. Green, Loughborough
University, UK, Victor Murinde, SOAS University of London, UK, Kethi Ngoka,
Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya

7. 7
- Fragility of African Banks: The Role of Foreign Ownership, Macroeconomic and
Institutional Factors, Victor Murinde, SOAS University of London, United
Kingdom, Abbi Kedir, Management School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
Bernadette Kamgnia, University of Yaounde II, Cameroon
 Session 8-1D: Entrepreneurship, institutions and culture Commons – Richmond Salon
4
Moderator: Hans Martens - Senior Adviser on European Public Policy - Former Chief
Executive of the European Policy Centre
- The Interaction of History and Institutions on Entrepreneurial Actions: Implications
for New Firms Survival and Growth Processes in Rwanda, Samuel Kamugisha,
Jönköping International Business School, Sweden
- The Influence of Culture on Entrepreneurship: A Study of Nigerian University
Graduates, Eunice Oluwakemi Chukwuma-Nwuba, University of Northampton,
United Kingdom
- The impact of ethno cultural on the characteristics of the development of
entrepreneurial activity: An appreciation in the context of plural ethnic, Maurice
Fouda, Nina Pélagie Pene Zongabiro
- A European Perspective on Africa: Historical and Contemporary Realities-
Implications for the Future, Hans Martens, European Policy Centre, Brussels,
Belgium, Van Wood, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
 Session 8-1E: Rural, Agriculture and Youth Entrepreneurship Commons -- Forum
Room
Moderator: Evelyn Odonkor, American University, Paris, France
- Nation-Building in Africa through Youth Civic Engagement, Yvette Njan, Yvette
Essounga Njan, Virginia State University, USA
- Rural Entrepreneurship and Value Creation in Tanzania: A Business Model
Perspective, Jasinta Msamula, Hawa Petro, Nicholaus Tutuba, Mzumbe
University, Tanzania
- Entrepreneurship challenge in Rural Communities of Tanzania and Power of
Technological Adaptation to Improve People’s Life Condition, Dorcas Gerson,
Moshi Cooperative University, Arusha,Tanzania

8. 8
- Notion Robotics Brings In Disruptive Technology In Agriculture and Supply Chain In
African Continent, Sandya Rao, Sreemon Chowdhury, Notion Robotics Lab, New
Delhi, India
 Session 8-1F: Secteur informel et développement d’entreprises Snead Hall, Room
B2165
Modérateur : Yah Traoré, Directeur du Budget, Région de Sikasso, Mali
- Dynamique de l’entrepreneuriat dans le secteur informel sénégalais : Caractéristiques
et particularités, Serge Francis Simen, Boubabacar Niassy, Ecole Supérieure
Polytechnique de Dakar-UCAD/ Laboratoire de recherche en GRH-Organisation,
Dakar, Senegal
- Choix du degré de formalisation des entreprises au Cameroun : Décider avec les
parties prenantes, André Abate, Université de Douala, Cameroun, Maurice Fouda
Ongodo, Josée St-Pierre, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Canada
- Does Deposit Insurance Promote Financial Inclusion? Evidence from ECCAS
countries, Niamien Eric Ekpinda, Finagnon Antoine Dedewanou, Université Laval,
Canada
Session 8-1G: Financement de l’entreprise et inclusion financière 1 Snead Hall, Room B3201
Modérateur : Salwa Sheibany, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
- Finance Islamique : Modèle Alternatif pour le financement des PME en Afrique?,
Mohamed Adraoui, Khalid Rouggani, Nabil Bouayad Amine, Habachi Younes,
University Hassan 1, Maroc
- La bourse comme moyen de financement alternatif des entreprises familiales
algériennes : Quel impact sur la création de valeur intrinsèque et l’estimation
boursière ?, Nassima Assous, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, Algérie
- Quel mode de financement des jeunes entreprises innovantes en Algérie?, Ouerdia
Moumou, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou (UMMTO), Algérie
- Financement de l’économie de la zone UEMOA par les banques commerciales de
cette zone: mythe ou réalité, Fatimatou Bizo Ahamat, Institut Universitaire de
Technologie, Université de Tahoua, Niger
3:00-3:30 pm Coffee and networking and exhibit area

9. 9
3:30-5:30 pm 9- VCU School of Business 23rd Annual International Business Forum -
Africa - The Big Emerging Continent: Opportunities and Challenges - Commonwealth
Ballroom
Hosted and Chaired by Prof. Van Wood, VCU Center for Business Advancement, USA
 Dr. Albert G. Zeufack - World Bank Chief Economist for Africa, World Bank, USA
 Dr. David H. Shinn - former Ambassador - Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, and U.S. State
Department Director for East African Affairs
 Mr. Francois Baird - Chairman, Baird's CMC (International Consultancy with projects
in over 30 African countries)
 Mr. Hans Martens - Senior Adviser on European Public Policy - Former Chief
Executive of the European Policy Centre
5:30-7:00 10-Reception for International Business Forum Atrium, VCU School of Business
7:00- 9:00 pm Dinner on your own
Friday October 6, 2017
8:00-8:30 am 11-Registration and light snack Theater Entrance Student Commons
8:30-10:00 am 12-Concurrent sessions 2
 Session 12-2A: Entrepreneuriat féminin Snead Hall Room B2166
Modérateur : Prof. Pierre Yourougou, Executive Director ABERS, Syracuse University
(USA) and Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny (Côte d’Ivoire)
- La diversité de l'entrepreneuriat féminin au monde et la situation des entrepreneuses
au Liban, Lena Saleh, CEREFIGE/ Université de Lorraine, France
- l’Entrepreneuriat féminin: freins et Luttes des marocaines, Sanae Solhi, Mohamed
Saber Hassainate, Université Mohammed V-Rabat, Maroc
- Entrepreneuriat féminin au Maroc : Survie ou plaisir d’entreprendre?, Imane El
Yamlahi, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Khouribga, Maroc

10. 10
 Session 12-2B: Entrepreneurship education 2 Commons – Richmond Salon 1
Moderator: Lalla Latifa Alaoui, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc
- Marketing Higher Education In Developing Countries: The Case Of Ghana, Evelyn
Odonkor, The American University of Paris, France
- Inter and Intra-Systemic Entrepreneurship: Role of Higher Education Institutions,
Emmanuel James Chao, Mzumbe University, Tanzania
- Factors That Impede Entrepreneurial Skills Transfer among Tevet Graduates – The
case of Malawi, Bertha Nyirenda, The TEVET Authority of Malawi, Malawi
 Session 12-2C: Doing Business and Investment Promotion Commons -- Richmond
Salon 2
Moderator: Prof. Simon Gicharu, Chairman and Founder, Mt. Kenya University, Kenya
- Corruption and Doing Business in Africa, Sombo Chunda, Virginia Commonwealth
University, USA, Van Wood, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
Virginia, USA
- Doing Business in Africa: An Analysis of African Countries Suitable for Foreign
Business and Trade, Van Wood, Julianne Harrington, Virginia Commonwealth
University, USA
- Fear of the Unknown or Reality? A Hindrance to African Re-migration of the
Diaspora to native countries, Tawanda Jonathan Mushawedu, Consultant,
Zimbabwe
 Session 12-2D: Macroeconomic and business environment 1 Commons – Richmond
Salon 3
Moderator: Mohamed Sako, Dean of Continuing Education, Institut National
Polytechnique-Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire
- The Role of Property Rights in the Relationship between Capital Flows and Economic
Growth in SSA: Do Natural Resources Endowment and Country Income Level
Matter?, Sionfou Seydou Coulibaly, Lewis Landry Gakpa, Université Felix
Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire, Issouf Soumaré, Laval University, Canada
- Investigating the Extent to Which Accountability Strategies Influences Social
Economic Stability and Political Cohesion, Phelista Wangui Njeru, Mount Kenya
University, Kenya

11. 11
- Natural Resource Abundance and Entrepreneurship: Are Highly Endowed African
Nations Cursed?, Jonathan Munemo, Perdue School of Business, Salisbury
University, USA
- The Effects of Exchange Rate Variability on Trade Flows in Nigeria: A Cointegration
Analysis, Sebastian Uremadu, Okwuchukwu Odili, Florence Ariwa, Michael
Okpara, University of Agriculture, Nigeria
 Session 12- 2E: Social entrepreneurship and business development Commons –
Richmond Salon 4
Moderator: Dr. Abbi Kedir, Management School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Social Entrepreneurship In Africa: Why Women Can Play a Critical Role, Yvette
Essounga Njan, Virginia State University, USA, Ayse Balas, Virginia State
University, USA, Laza Berger Dina, Toliara University, Madagascar
- Social Innovation as a Driver of Large Scale Social Impact: The Case of an NGO in
Morocco, Majid Kaissar El Ghaib, Social Innovation & Sustainability Institute,
ESCA Ecole de Management, Morocco, Fadwa Chaker, Toulouse Business School,
France
- MFI Financial Sustainability on The Realization of Economic Pillar of Vision 2030: A
Case of Kakamega County, Oscar Sangoro, Mount Kenya University, Kenya,
George Gongera, Cooperative University, Kenya, Onsiro Ronald, Mount Kenya
University, Kenya
- Social Entrepreneurship and sustainable development : a case study from North
Africa, Nermine Atteya, State University of New York, Oswego, USA
 Session 12-2F: Éducation entrepreneuriale et incubation 1 Snead Hall, B 2177
Moderator: Mamadou Gaye, CESAG, Sénégal
- Leadership et Entrepreneurship: la recherche et l'enseignement du management par les
cas d'entreprise en Afrique Francophone, Mamadou Gaye, CESAG, Sénégal
- Comment influencer positivement le succès des incubateurs universitaires de start-up
technologiques : Quelle infrastructure, quelle conception organisationnelle et quelle
stratégie dans le cadre d’incubateurs universitaires au Sénégal ?, Serge Francis
Simen, Gerol Sylvère Nganafeï, Département Gestion/ Ecole Supérieure
Polytechnique de Dakar-UCAD/ Laboratoire de recherche en GRH-Organisation,
Dakar, Sénégal

12. 12
- Sensibilisation par apprentissage situationnel : Expérimentation dans un lycée
marocain, Tarik Zahrane, Université Cadi Ayyad, Maroc
- Agglomérations d’entreprises et développement des territoires : cas du quartier
industriel et commercial de Rebeuss à Dakar, Mamadou Silla, FASEG/UCAD,
Laboratoire CRED, ESP, DAKAR, Sénégal
 Session 12- 2G: Financement de l’entreprise et inclusion financière 2 Snead Hall,
B3186
Modérateur: Prof. Abdoulaye Seck, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Sénégal
- Le financement de l’investissement socialement responsable : quel est le rôle attribué
au financement capital risque ?, Maria El Ghezaoui, Université Cadi Ayyad,
Morocco
- Les entrepreneurs innovants et le financement par le crowdfunding en Côte d’Ivoire,
Marie-Andrée Kadjo, University Felix Houphouët Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire
- L’impact de la libéralisation financière sur l’efficience bancaire en Algérie, Lakdar
Adouka, Université de Mascara, Algérie
 Session 12-2H Ford Design Thinking Workshop Snead Hall, B2175
Moderator : Christopher Patten
- Programs to help people become more innovative, creative and resourceful in how
they think and learn. Design Thinking, a creative problem-solving approach that
enables people to build skills for innovating, including the ability to think creatively,
work collaboratively with others, and implement innovations.
10:00-10:30 am Coffee and networking and meeting space in exhibit area
10:30-12:00 am 13. Concurrent sessions 3
 Session 13-3A: Women andYouth Entrepreneurship and Business Financing
Commons – Richmond Salon 1
Moderator: Prof. Ben Amoako-Adu, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada
- How Does Trade Openness Affect Women’s Job Opportunities and Earnings in
Cameroon?, Simone Nadège Assah Kuete, Belmondo Tanankem Voufo, Ministry
of Trade, and University of Yaoundé II, Cameroon

13. 13
- Evidence-based Policy Options for promoting Youth and Female Entrepreneurship:
the Special Role of Credit / rRsk, Abdoulaye Seck, Cheikh Anta Diop University,
Senegal
- Notion Disruptive Innovation through Women’s Entrepreneurship for Africa’s Rural
Economic Development, Sandya Rao, Sreemon Chowdhury, Notion Robotics Lab,
New Delhi, India
- Performance Management: A Tool for Optimizing the Mission of Micro Finance
Banks in Niger State, Nigeria, Leonard Ndibe, Federal University of Technology,
Nigeria, Mercy.M. Adeyeye, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria, Anthony.
C. Igbokwe, Nasarawa State University, Nigeria, Umar Yerima, Federal University
of Technology, Nigeria
 Session 13-3B: Macroeconomic and Business Environment 2 Commons – Richmond
Salon 3
Moderator: Prof. Charles Adjasi, University of Stellenbosch Business School, South
Africa
- A Cost Benefit Analysis of Alternatives Energy Supply and Economic Growth in
Nigeria, Emily Ikhide, Charles Adjasi, University of Stellenbosch Business School,
South Africa
- Economic Growth, Agricultural Output and Trade Openness in Nigeria: An
Application of the ARDL Bound Testing Approach, Lawal Adedoyin Isola, Nwanji
Tony Ikechukwu, Adama Ibrahim, Babajide Abiola Ayopo, Landmark University,
Covenant University, Nigeria
- Impact Assessment of Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth of Rwanda,
Aristide Karangwa, Laval University, Canada, Brigitte Gaju Murekezi, Kigali
Independent University, Rwanda, Alexis Abodohoui, Laval University, Canada
- National-local Level Policy Nexus in the Promotion of Local Engagement in the
Development Process and Enterprise, Faisal Issa, Lucy Masoi, Mzumbe University,
Tanzania
 Session 13-3C: MSME Management and Development 1 Commons – Richmond Salon
4
Moderator: George Mulamula, CEO of Dar Teknohama Business Incubator, Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania
- The Implementation of CRM in Lebanese SMEs, Lena Saleh, Lebanese University,
Lebanon, Laura Saheli, CEREFIGE/ Université de Lorraine, France

14. 14
- How Can Financial Inclusion Influence Small and Medium Enterprises’ Growth and
Development in Côte d’Ivoire?, Olivier Koudou, University Félix Houphouët-
Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire
 Session 13-3D: Entrepreneurship and Diaspora Investment Commons – Richmond
Salon 2
Moderator: Prof. Elie Chrysostome, State University of New York, Plattsburgh, New
York, USA
- Remittances and Entrepreneurial Growth in Africa: The Interaction Effect of Trust in
Uganda, George Okello Candiya Bongomin John Munene, Joseph Mpeera Ntayi,
Makerere University Business School, Uganda, Pierre Yourougou, Syracuse
University (USA) and INPHB (Côte d’Ivoire)
- Social and Economic Impact of Illegal Immigration: Facts, Myths and What We
Should Know, Donatus I. Amaram, Yvette Essounga Njan, Young Dimkpah,
Virginia State University, USA
- Diaspora and International Business in the Homeland: from Impact of Remittances to
Determinants of Entrepreneurship and Research Agenda, Elie Chrysostome, State
University of New York, Plattsburgh, New York, USA, Jean-Marie Nkongolo-
Bakenda, University of Regina, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Retail in Nigeria: Market, Dynamics, Business Practices, Challenges
and Opportunities in PPMV Practice, Susan Ekuri, Egbe Osifo-Dawodu, Enoma
Alade, Anadach Group, Nigeria, USA
 Session 13-3E: Entreprenariat et climat des affaires Snead Hall B2165
Moderateur : Prof. Issouf Soumaré, Université Laval, Canada
- Le taux de disparition des entités économiques de la Wilaya d’Oran de 2005 à 2015 :
quel impact sur le tissu économique ?, Belouti Nabil, Université Oran 2, Algérie
- La contribution des IDE à l’industrialisation de l’Afrique : la qualité des institutions
importe-t-elle?, Bruno Emmanuel Ongo Nkoa, University of BUEA, Cameroun
- Orientation marché, inovativité et performance : une application aux TPE
agroalimentaires Sénégalaises, Balla Doucouré, Ibrahima Samba Dankoco,
Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal, Fatiha Fort, SupAgro Montpellier,
France

15. 15
- Pratiques d’affaires et performance des PME manufacturières camerounaises, Luc
Foleu, Josée St-Pierre, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
 Session 13-3F Ford Design Thinking Workshop Snead Hall B2175
Moderator: Christopher Patten
- Programs to help people become more innovative, creative and resourceful in how
they think and learn. Design Thinking, a creative problem-solving approach that
enables people to build skills for innovating, including the ability to think creatively,
work collaboratively with others, and implement innovations.
 Session 13-3G Water Scarcity in Southern Africa Snead Hall, B1134
Moderator: David Berdish & Rheeni Khan
- Analyze the current environment of Southern Africa (Lesotho, South Africa,
Mozambique, Bostswana, and Zimbabwe) and the current water crisis; to understand
public health aspects associated with unclean water and lack thereof; and explore the
requirements of community engagement and responsibility that foreign
companies/organizations going into Africa need to plan for. There will also be a
description of the Ford Project Better World Social Innovation Action Partnership
(SIAP) program uses Ford vehicles to address a range of mobility and community
challengesin Africa, such as providing goods and services, and enabling greater access
to health care and cleanwater.
12:00-1:30 pm 14- Luncheon Cabell Library 3rd floor lecture hall
Speaker: Michelle Poulton -- Former President of Save the Children in West Africa and Former
VP of ChildFund International – Projects Promoting Entrepreneurs in Africa (Introduction by
Issouf Soumaré, Laval University)
1:30-3:00 pm 15- Medicines for All plenary session
Moderator Patricia Cummins, VCU Student Commons Theater
The panel will address the needs of Africa for low-cost drugs and the Gates Foundation initiative
Medicines for All. VCU has created a Medicines for All Institute, and Côte d’Ivoire is expected
to be the first country to benefit. It involves a partnership of researchers with government
agencies and the pharmaceutical industry both internationally and in-country.

16. 16
 "Industrie pharmaceutique en Côte d'Ivoire: Etat des lieux et perspectives de
développement". – Professor Mahama Ouattara, Université Houphouët-Boigny, et
Ministère de la Santé, Côte d’Ivoire [In French – interpreted by Patricia Cummins]
 Creation of the VCU Medicines for All Institute & Gates Foundation Support for Low-cost
Drugs in Africa – Frank Gupton, VCU Medicines for All Institute
 Pharmaceutical Companies Assuring Industry Standards for Manufacture of Drugs in Africa
Manfred Psiorz, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceutical
3:00-3:30 pm Coffee and networking and meeting space in James River Terrace
3:30-5:00 pm 16-Concurrent sessions 4
 Session 16-4A: Entrepreneurship in the Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Sectors
Commons – Richmond Salon 1
Moderator: Prof. Donatus I. Amaram, Virginia State University, USA
- Board Leadership Structure of Hospitals in Ghana, Patience Abor, University of
Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Entrepreneurship and Healthcare in Africa: A Reflection, Yvette Essounga Njan,
Virginia State University, USA, Donatus I. Amaram, Virginia State University,
USA, Young Dimkpah, Virginia State University, USA
- Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Healthcare and Motivation: Looking at the Doctor’s
Role, Emmanuel Etoung, Rotenburg, Germany, Yvette Essounga Njan, Virginia
State University, USA, Ayse Balas, Virginia State University, USA, Brice-Patrick
Ngouem De Ndjock, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Notion Neuro~ Scientific Health Analytics And Validation By Network Triggered
Artificial Intelligence, Sandya Rao, Sreemon Chowdhury, Notion Robotics
Lab, New Delhi, India
 Session 16-4B: MSME Management and Development 2 Commons – Richmond Salon
2
Moderator: Ghafs Zakaria, Moroccan Ministry of Economy and Finance, Morocco
- Performance Measurement Practices in Moroccan Small and Medium Sized
Enterprises: An Exploratory Study, Rahim Zineb, Lotfi Mohamed, Hassan 1st
University, Morocco

17. 17
- Sustainable Development and New Enterprises Support in Morocco: Analysis Based
on UNCTAD’s Entrepreneurship Policy Framework, Ghafs Zakaria, Moroccan
Ministry of Economics and Finance, Morocco
- Determinants of MSMEs Growth in Post-war Communities: Testing the Interaction
Effect of Government Policy, George Okello Candiya Bongomin, John Munene,
Joseph Mpeera Ntayi, Pierre Yourougou, Institut National Polytechnique –
Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire and Syracuse University, USA
- The Moderating Influence of Firm Characteristics on the Relationship between
Dynamic Capabilities and Performance of Travel Firms in Kenya,
Atlanta Kufwafwa, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
 Session 16-4C: MSME Management and Development 3 Commons – Richmond Salon
3
Moderator: Mr. Francois Baird - Chairman, Baird's CMC (International Consultancy
with projects in over 30 African countries)
- Organizational Integration and Well-being of Post-Acquisition Employees:
Moderating Roles of Leadership and Co-worker Support, Olufemi A. Lawal, DLagos
State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria, Foluso Ayodeji, University of Lagos,
Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Essential Nature of Growing Businesses in Northern Tanzania: Has Entrepreneurial
Leadership Developed and Grown Ideas into Value Producing, George Madoda,
Mungure, Arusha, Tanzania
- Trial Modeling of the Practices of Strategic Alignment within Moroccan Companies,
Hamza El Alaoui, ENCG University Hassan 2, Casablanca, Morocco
 Session 16-4D: FDI and Chinese Investments in Africa Commons – Richmond Salon 4
Moderator: Ahmad Hassan Ahmad, Loughborough University, UK
- Striving for Entrepreneurial Success in Africa: How Relevant is Foreign Direct
Investment and Financial Market Development?, Jonathan Munemo, Perdue School
of Business, Salisbury University, MD, USA
- China's Investment in Africa: What We Need to Know, Sombo Chunda, Virginia
Commonwealth University, USA, Van Wood, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, Virginia, USA

18. 18
 Session 16-4E: Agricultural, Women’s and Rural entrepreneurship MCALC Room
1100
Moderator: Prof. Elliott D. Minor III, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
- Assessing Stakeholder Involvement in the Cocoa Industry: A Multi-Country
Comparison, Elliott D. Minor III, Lyndon S. McClure, Sarthak Jain, Kumar
Ritesh, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
- Social Capital and the Willingness to Become Entrepreneurs in Rural Areas of the
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Christian Kamala Kaghoma, Eugène
Mumbere Lubula, Rosette Baluku Sikakale, Université Catholique de Bukavu
(UCB), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
- Changing Lives of Women through Social Enterprises, Veronica Mukyala, Diana
Nandagire Ntamu, Shakilah Nagujja and Prof. Waswa Balunywa, Makerere
University Business School, Uganda
 Session 16-4F: Foundations and Social Entrepreneurship MCALC Room 1102
Moderator: Michelle Poulton, Epes Mandala Consulting, USA
- David Berdish – Ford Motor Company Entrepreneurship Programs
- Manfred Psiorz “Making More Health Initiative” of Boehringer Pharmaceuticals
 Session 16-4G: Éducation entrepreneuriale et incubation 2 MCALC Room 1104
Modérateur : Danséni Koné, Université de Ségou
- Quelques facteurs expliquant les dynamiques et formes de l’exclusion des jeunes au
Sahel, Hamadoun Dicko, Secteur Education - Formation Professionnelle, Agence
Française de Développement, Mali
- Le rôle de l’Université dans la promotion de l’esprit d’entreprendre et le
développement des compétences entrepreneuriales, Said Radi, Lalla Latifa Alaoui,
Faculté des sciences juridiques économiques et sociales – Souissi, Université
Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc
- Perception de désirabilité et de faisabilité entrepreneuriales des étudiants en sciences
de gestion à Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo) : Pistes pour les
innovations pédagogiques, Bakengela Shamba, Université Protestante au Congo,
Kinshasa/ RDC

19. 19
- La formation C.L.E de l'esprit d'emprise et son impact sur les étudiants de L'UM5
Rabat Maroc, Lalla Latifa Alaoui, Said Radi, Faculté des sciences juridiques
économiques et sociales – Souissi, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc
6:00-9:30 17- Evening cultural event hosted by Virginia Friends of Mali (affiliated with
Richmond Sister Cities Commission) Buffet-style African dinner with community welcome
Cabell Library 3rd floor lecture hall
Musicians Papa Susso, playing the West African kora, and Balla Kouyaté, playing the balafon,
will address both conference goers and a student and community audience invited to the event.
The role of the griot (storyteller) and the importance of the West African epic Sundjata Keita
told by the griots in West African culture will also be addressed. West African music selections
and dancing by the audience will continue until 9:30 p.m. [Partially in French, including words
from the ambassadors from Côte d’Ivoire and Mali]
 Conference Co-Chair Patricia Cummins, VCU will recognize
-Africa Business Conference organizers and officers,
-U.S. and African government officials in the audience,
-other dignitaries in attendance
 Introduction of Ambassador H.E. Issa Konfourou, permanent Malian representative to
the United Nations and Chargé d’Affaires at the Malian Embassy in Washington, D.C.
(Robin Poulton, VCU French West Africa Project and Virginia Friends of Mali)
 Brief recognition of the ties between Richmond and Ségou and the long-term
collaboration promoting peace, prosperity, and cultural understanding (Ambassador
Konfourou)
 Introduction of dignitaries from Richmond’s sister city in Ségou, Mali (Ana Edwards,
President of Virginia Friends of Mali and Member of the Richmond Sister Cities
Commission)
 Chair of the Richmond Sister Cities Commission Marcus Squires will introduce
Commission Members in the audience
Saturday October 7, 2017
8:00-8:30 am Registration and continental breakfast
8:30-10:00 am 18- Concurrent sessions 5
 Session 18-5A: MSME Management and Development 4 Snead Hall Room B2165
Moderator: Prof. Bernadette Kamgnia, University of Yaounde II, Cameroon

20. 20
- Understanding Total Quality Management, Market Orientation and Performance in the
Moroccan Hospitality Sector, Ikram Bel Haddioui, Rachid Jahidi, ENCG Settat,
Morocco
- The Profile of the Moroccan Entrepreneur: Socio-demographic Profile and
Observations Related to the Microeconomic Aspects of Behavior of the New
Generation of Businesses and Entrepreneurs in Morocco, Boutayna Ibn Cheikh,
Lalla Latifa Alaoui, University Mohamed V-Rabat, Morocco
- Objective Opinion Polling to Curb Election Violence in Kenya, Erastus Thoronjo,
Mount Kenya University, Kenya
- Family Ownership and SMEs Continuity in a Developing Country, Pierre
Sindambiwe, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
 Session 18- 5B: Macroeconomic and Business Environment 3 Snead Hall Room B1114
Moderator: Prof. Yvan Nezerwe, University of Phoenix, USA
- The United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement Impact on Morocco Stock, Yvan
Nezerwe, University of Phoenix, USA, Aristide Karangwa, Université Laval,
Canada
- Institutional Moral Hazard and Inclusive Finance: When Good Is Not So Good, Joy
Kiiru, University of Nairobi, Kenya
- The Vectorial Theory of Money: The Missing Side of the Pentagon to Make Africa
the World Major Economy, François Ndengwe, African Advisory Board, France
- Implication of Economic Policy on Wealth and Job Creation In Nigeria, Olayemi
Dickson, I. O. Oyefuga, S.O. Amiolemen, M.A. Adewunmi, Koleayo Omoyajowo,
National Centre for Technology Management, Victoria Island Lagos, Lagos State,
Nigeria
 Session 18-5C: Entrepreneurship, Employment and Performance Snead Hall Room
B1121
Moderator: Prof. Patricia W. Cummins, VCU
- Entrepreneurship Factors Influencing Successful Self-employment amongst Graduates
of Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania, Manongi Ntimbwa, College of Business
Education, Tanzania

21. 21
- Emotional Intelligence: a Tool to Increase the Performance of the Entrepreneur in
Democratic Republic of Congo, Michael Kongo, Centre Congolais Allemand de
Microfinance, Université Protestante au Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Corporate Governance and Performance: Moroccan Experience, Said Toumi,
National School of Business and Management, Hassan II University of Casablanca,
Morocco
 Session 18-5D: Entrepreneuriat, politiques publiques et croissance inclusive Snead
Hall Room B1134
Modérateur : Cinzia T Corubolo, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
- L’échec entrepreneurial partiel des micro-entreprises émergentes : cas des pharmacies
d’officine au Maroc, Noufel Ghiffi, Mohamed Mounir, Université Cadi Ayyad,
Morocco
- De l’enthousiasme au désenchantement : analyse d’une expérience malienne de
Partenariat Public Privé, Mamadou Diarafa Diallo
 Session 18-5E: Entrepreneuriat, innovation et performance Snead Hall Room B2121
Modérateur : Souleymane Kouyaté, Université de Ségou, Mali
- Le processus d’accompagnement entrepreneurial : Quels déterminants de
performance ?, Salma Benaziz, Salah Koubaa, Université Hassan II Casablanca,
Maroc
- Les déterminants de la défaillance des entreprises au Maroc : analyse économétrique,
Aomar Ibourk, Abdelkrim Aazzab, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Maroc
- La mesure de la performance indexée à la rémunération des dirigeants d’entreprises
publiques sénégalaises en vue d’une quête de légitimité, Cissokho Babacar,
Université Gaston Berger de St Louis, Sénégal
 Session 18-5F: Entrepreneurship and Business Development Snead Hall Room B3186
Moderator: Prof. Abdulai Salifu Asuro, Vice Chancellor of Tamale Technical
University in Ghana
- Evaluation of Informal Skills Training Programme, Regis Namuddu, Edith
Basalirwa, Janida Nakaziba, Waswa Balunywa, Makerere University Business
School, Uganda

22. 22
- Lessons from the Heifer Project in Iganga District, Waswa Balunywa, Diana Ntamu,
Isa Nsereko, Veronica Mukyala, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
- Entrepreneurship Training, Social Networks and Performance of Small-sized
Businesses, Agnes Nassuna Kasirye, Waswa Balunywa, Diana Ntamu, Isa Nsereko,
Janida Nakaziba, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
- Tardiness, Absenteesim and Low Morale among Public University Employees, Irene
Benham Namutebi, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
- Financial Literacy: Moderator between Access to Finance and Growth of SMEs in
Africa, George Okello Candiya Bongomin, John C. Munene, Joseph Mpeera
Ntayi, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda, Pierre Yourougou,
Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, USA
10:00-10:30 am Coffee and networking and meeting space in exhibit area
10:30 am -12:00 pm 19-Concurrent sessions 6
 Session 19-6A: Entrepreneurship and Business Risk Management Snead Hall Room
B2165
Moderator: Prof. Van R. Wood, Director of the VCU Center for International Business
Advancement, Philip Morris Endowed Chair in International Business, Professor of
Marketing
- Predicting Default Risk of SMEs in Developing Economies: Evidence from Morocco,
Selma Haj Khlifa, ISCAE Group, Casablanca, Morocco
- Obstacle to Entrepreneurship and Bankruptcy of Projects: the Case of Tunisia, Salah
Ben Hamed, Nihel Louati, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- The Impact of Credit Rating on the Company's External Growth Strategies, Najib
Somoue, Nabil Bouayad Amine, Khalid Rouggani, LEG Laboratoire d'Économie et
de Gestion, Université Hassan 1er, Morocco
 Session 19- 6B: Youth Entrepreneurship Snead Hall Room B1114
Moderator: Dr. Joy Kiiru, University of Nairobi, Kenya
- Internal Migration and Youth Entrepreneurship in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Christian Kamala Kaghoma, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB),
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), A. Kikandi Kiuma, Université Libre des
Pays des Grands-Lacs (ULPGL), DRC, Abdelkrim Araar, PEP and CIRPÉE,
Université Laval, Canada

23. 23
- Entrepreneurship Development As A Panacea To Youth Unemployment In Nigeria,
Rita Aboloma, Jimoh Abdul-Ganiyu, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Challenges and Prospects of Entrepreneurship Development and Job Creation for
Youth Unemployed: Evidence from Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa city
Administrations, Ethiopia, Abel Tewolde Mehari, Arsi University, Christian Feleke
Belay, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
- Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship in Murang’a County, Kenya, Diana
Kimani, University of Nairobi, Kenya
 Session 19-6C: MSME management and development 5 Snead Hall Room B2210
Moderator: Diana Ntamu, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda
- Intrapreneurial Behaviour in Building High Performing Tertiary Institutions: The Role
of Knowledge-Opinion Dissimilarities Importance, Generative Influence, and Novelty
Ecosystems, Moses Kibirango, Makerere University Business School, Kampala,
Uganda
- Exploring the Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Ethical Climate in the
Entrepreneurial Context, Lalla Amina Alaoui, Farid Chaouki, Université Cadi
Ayyad, Morocco
- Which Firms Pay Bribes in Developing Countries and Why?, Abdoulaye Seck,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal
- The Continuity Planning Process of Family Firms in Developing Countries, Pierre
Sindambiwe, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
 Session 19-6D: Entrepreneurship, innovation and fiscal policies Snead Hall Room
B1134
Moderator: Christopher Brooks, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
- Fiscal Incentives for Investment and Innovation in Africa, Nadia Serghini Mounim,
Hassan I University, Settat, Morocco
- Notion Disruptive Technology in the Fields of Innovation to Ascent the South
Africa’s Economy and Social Development, Sandya Rao, Sreemon Chowdhury,
Notion Robotics Lab, New Delhi, India
- How Does Authenticity Affect Entrepreneurs in Africa, Princess Halliday, Los
Angeles, California, USA

24. 24
- Technological Entrepreneurship For Sustainable Development In Nigeria, Olayemi
Dickson, Sunday Amiolemen, I. O. Oyefuga, Samuel O. Etatuvie, Federal Ministry
of Science and Technology, Nigeria
 Session 19-6E: Gestion et développement des Micro Petites et Moyennes Entreprises
2 Snead Hall Room B2121
Modérateur: Prof. Issouf Soumaré, Université Laval, Canada
- Le tableau de bord prospectif comme étant un outil d’alignement stratégique, M.
Hamza El Alaoui, ENCG Casablanca - University Hassan 2, Casablanca, Maroc
- Proposition d’un modèle de diffusion de l’orientation marché basé sur la dynamique
relationnelle des TPE affiliées à des OP, Assane Diagne, Ibrahima Samba Dankoco,
Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
- Syndicalisme et Performance des Entreprises au Sénégal, Anta Ngom, Université
Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
 Session 19-6F: Gestion et développement d’entreprise Snead Hall Room B1121
Modérateur : Kadiatou Bouadou Kouadio, Institut National Houphouët-Boigny
- L’insertion socioprofessionnelle des migrants de retour au Mali : une analyse
économétrique des déterminants, Kalifa Ahmadou Touré, Issoufou Soumaïla
Mouleye, Ousmane Mariko, Laboratoire en Économie Appliquée au
Développement, Bamako, Mali
- Financement de l’innovation sociale au Maroc : Diagnostic et perspectives pour la
mise en place d’un financement à fort impact, Majid Kaissar El Ghaib, ESCA Ecole
de Management, Casablanca, Maroc, Ikhlasse El Aissami, Université Hassan II,
Casablanca, Maroc, Amina Kchirid, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
- L'actionnaire universel, Désiré Mandilou
- Le concept « 3P », Zakiyatou Oualett Halatine, Ancienne Ministre du Tourisme et
de l’Artisanat au Mali et Université de Rennes, France
12:00-1:15 pm 20- Luncheon the Graduate Hotel
Speaker: George Mulamula, CEO of Dar Teknohama Business Incubator, Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania. "Challenges of African Businesses Start-ups"
1:30-2:30 pm 21- ABERS Business meeting Graduate Hotel