new system for stems multiplication

1. "Rapid Macropropagation of
Cassava Plants by the Use of
Hydroponic Autotrophic System"
• Created by Armando Bedoya
• Presented by Fredy Bedoya

2. Armando Bedoya Garcia, has worked since 1973 with CIAT
which mission is to reduce hunger and poverty, and improve
human health in the tropics through research aimed at
increasing the eco-efficiency of agriculture.
Management of a methodology for hardening of plantlets of
cassava, sweet potatoes, jatropha, etc.
 Reception of clones of Cassava, Sweet Potato, Vanilla,
Jatropha, and Stevia imported from other international
research centers.
Coordinator of activities in relation to greenhouse
cultivation of Cassava, Sweet Potato, Vanilla, Jatropha, and
Stevia.

3. National and international adviser on bulk hardening of
tissue culture plants, micropropagation and macropropagation
rapid technique of Cassava, Jatropha and Sweet Potatoes.
 Countries where he has given advice comprise Ecuador,
Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, USA, Nigeria and South
Africa.
Currently he is working on an essay to eradicate the virus
causing cassava frog skin.

4. Fredy Bedoya
Laboratory Researcher
• Isolated and reproduced fungi to be used in Biological Control
• Successfully storage of fungi’s and bacteria’s in Liquid Nitrogen to
avoid mutations
• Reduced the impact by 40% of a disease that affect tropical plants in
Colombia and South Africa
• Development of a Cryopreservation Method for the collection of
Thrichoderma isolations
Education
1992-1996 Agronomical Engineer, National University of Colombia,
Palmira, Colombia.
2009 – Present Biotechnology Technician Health, Mohawk College
Hamilton, On. Canada.

5. General Characteristics
 Cassava, yuca, tapioca, etc. (Manihot esculenta)
 Family (Euphorbiaceae)
 One of the leading food and feed plants of the
world. It ranks fourth among staple crops.
 Global production of about 160 million tons per
year. 500 million people consume cassava.
 Its leaves, eaten as a vegetable in parts of Asia
and Africa, provide vitamins and protein.
Nutritionally, cassava is rich in K and has twice
the fibre content as compare to potatoes.

6. Most of this is grown in three regions: West Africa and the
adjoining Congo basin, tropical South America and south
and Southeast Asia.

7. History
Cassava was domesticated sometime in the distant past, maybe five
thousand years ago. Exactly where is not known, but the current
consensus is that domestication took place somewhere in Central or
South America, perhaps along the southern border of Brazil, where wild
relatives of cassava are currently found.

8.  Root:
 The tuberous edible root, grow in clusters of 4-8 at the
stem base.
 Roots are from 1-4 inches in diameter and 8-15 inches
long.
 The pure white interior is firmer than potatoes and
contains high starch content.

9. Cassava for animal feeds
Cassava is widely used in most tropical areas for feeding pigs,
cattle, sheep and poultry.
Dried peel of cassava roots are fed to sheep and goats
Cassava is similar to feed grains as it consists almost entirely
of starch and is easy to digest.
The roots are, therefore, especially
suited to feeding young animals and
fattening pigs.

10.  Food products: There are hydrocyanic glucosides
(HCN) in all parts of the plant; these glucosides are
removed by peeling the roots and boiling in water.

11.  Habitat: The crop requires a warm humid climate.
Growth stops at about 10ºC. The highest root
production can be expected in the tropical lowlands,
below 150 m altitude, where temperatures average 25-
27°C.
 Adaptation: Cassava is a tropical root crop, requiring
at least 8 months of warm weather to produce a crop,
or 18 or more months under adverse conditions.
 Propagation by cuttings: Propagate cassava by
planting segments of the stem 'stakes'. Cut stems into
9-30 cm lengths.
 Maturity differs from one variety to
 another, but for food the tubers can
 be harvested at almost any age below
 12 months.

12. In China, the target is to increase the application of ethanol
fuel by non-grain feedstock to 2 million tonnes, and that of
bio-diesel to 200 thousand tonnes by 2011. This will be
equivalent to a substitute of 10 million tonnes of
petroleum.
The world has plenty of
remaining and untapped
fossil fuel resources to keep
up with demand for at least
the next 30 years (Chambers
2008).
Fossil fuels

13. Biofuel Production
The starchy cassava root has long been an important
ingredient in everything from tapioca pudding and ice
cream to paper and animal feed.
In 2010, 98 % of cassava chips exported from Thailand went to China
to make biofuel. Therefore, exports have increased nearly fourfold
since 2008, and the price of cassava has roughly doubled.
Each year, an ever larger portion of the world’s crops is being diverted
for biofuels as developed countries pass laws mandating greater use of
nonfossil fuels. Cassava is a relatively new entrant in the biofuel stream.
Readers' Comments
"People are starving around the world and we are filling our gas tanks
instead. If this isn't perverse and immoral, I don't know what is.“
Source:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/07/science/earth/07cassava.html

14. Method
Consist of cutting all the leaves of a cassava plant (3-4 months old)
with their axillary buds, which may be between 100-150 per plant

20. 10 cc of liquid solution(A+B+C)
 Contain biological elements to promote rooting system.
 Control root rotting caused by fungi and bacteria.
 Currently testing its ability to control the virus causing
frog skin.

44. Traditional propagation method
 A mature plant (10 – 12 months old) produces between
15 to 30 stakes per year under appropriate conditions.

45. Exponential growth
n t = Number of plants
n= Number of leaves
t= Time (periods per year)
100 leaves 3 = 1,000.000 Plants/year

46. Advantages
Transfer and exchange from one country to another of
varieties free of pests and diseases.
Expedited propagation techniques simple, affordable and
efficient to obtain a great number of plants enough to make
field assessments and quick propagation of plant materials.

Low rate of multiplication by the traditional method, a mature
plant from 10 to 12 months can generate between 10-30 seeds
of commercial size (25 cm) per year under good conditions.
With this method a 12-month plant can produce up to 1
million plants per year depending on the variety.

47.  Biodiesel has emerged as an alternative to replace the fossil
resources which are finite, bringing environmental benefits
such as less greenhouse effect, less local pollution, less
contamination for water and soil, and health risk reduction.
 Method is being applied in Sweet Potato and Jatropha which
is being promoted as an easily grown biofuel crop in hundreds
of projects throughout India and other developing countries.
 The Canadian biofuels industry is poised for significant
growth as Ontario moves to join Saskatchewan and Manitoba in
implementing a 10% renewable fuels mandate.
...Advantages cont’d

48.  The system offer many advantages based on its simplicity
and low cost since technical facilities are not required. It only
demands a humidity-controlled greenhouse, good lighting,
and temperatures between 18-34 oC.
 Other provinces such as British Columbia are supporting
ethanol and biodiesel by making them exempt from fuel excise
taxes
...Advantages cont’d

49. Disadvantages
 Constant monitoring of the plants to assure the
appropriate conditions in the greenhouse.
 Necessity of big spaces (greenhouse)
 Lack of support to continue with the investigation.

50. Future Research
 In which crops besides Sweet Potatoes and
Jatropha the technique can be applied to?
 What biological process is responsible for the
elimination of phytopathogens?
 Quantitative and qualitative values of the root
elements.

51. Thank you for your
time...