2. From the greek
Plasma,something molded
aphairesis, taking away
Is the removal and treatment of blood from the
body and return of components of blood(i.e blood
cells)to the body after extraction of plasma.
OR
Plasmapheresis is a blood purification
procedure used to treat several autoimmune
diseases. It is also known as therapeutic
plasma exchange.

3.  In an autoimmune
disease, the immune
system attacks the
body's own tissues.
 In many autoimmune
diseases, the chief
weapons of attack are
antibodies, proteins
that circulate in the
bloodstream until they
meet and bind with the
target tissue.
 Once bound, they
impair the functions of
the target.

4.  Plasmapheresis is used
to remove antibodies
from the
bloodstream, thereby
preventing them from
attacking their targets.
 It does not directly
affect the immune
system's ability to make
more antibodies, and
therefore may only
offer temporary
benefit.

5.  Guillain-Barré syndrome
 Myasthenia gravis
 Chronic inflammatory demyelinating
polyneuropathy
 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/TTP
 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura/ITP
 Dermatomyositis
 Good pasteur’s syndrome
 Multiple sclerosis

6. Hyperviscosity syndromes:
1. Cryoglobulinemia
2. Paraproteinemia
Wegener's granulomatosis
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
(APS or APLS) Microscopic polyangiitis
After transplantation of kidney

7.  Behcet syndrome
 HIV-related neuropathy [8]
 Graves' disease in infants and neonates
 Pemphigus vulgaris
 Multiple sclerosis Rhabdomyolysis
 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
 HELLP syndrome
 PANDAS syndrome
 Refsum disease

9.  The machine used for
Plsmapheresis is
called cell separator.
 40,00,000 (40 lakh)
 Expire in 2 to 3 years.
 Each time new set
of tubing and
disposable kit is used,
which is of 13,500
rupees.

10.  Good nutrition and plenty of rest make the
procedure less stressful.
 Some of patient's medications should be
discontinued before the plasmapheresis session.
 Plasmapheresis requires insertion of a venous
catheter, either in a limb or central vein.
 Central veins allow higher flow rates and are
more convenient for repeat procedures, but are
more often the site of complications, especially
bacterial infection.

11.  Blood is initially taken out of the body through a
needle or previously implanted catheter.
 The catheter is two way,one is used to withdraw
blood from the body and other is used to
introduce plasma substitute in patient,s body.
 Anticoagulant is also given during the procedure.
 First blood passes through the air filter,if air is
present in blood it is filtered here.
 Then blood enters into ball(centrifuge). Plasma
is then removed from the blood by a cell
separator.
 When the blood is entering in the ball,at the
same time some air of ball is collected in air
bag.

12.  After sometime,when ball becomes full of
cells the machine takes a break and blood
cells are returned back to the body,and air is
returned back from the airbag to the the
ball.
 Now 1 cycle is completed.
 Same process is repeated again and again
and mostly 8 to 10 cycles are required.
 Extracted plsma is discarded.
 In females less no.of cycles are required.
 The whole procedure is repeated 5 times but
on alternate days.

20.  Three procedures are available:
Only one venous catheter line is required.
Approximately 300 ml of blood is removed at a
time and centrifuged to separate plasma from
blood cells.
Two
venous lines are used. This method requires
slightly less blood volume to be out of the body
at any one time.
Two venous lines are
used. The pasma is filtered using standard
hemodialysis equipment. It requires less than
100 ml of blood to be outside the body at one
time.

21.  The patient may experience
dizziness,nausea, numbness, tingling, or
lightheadedness during or after the procedure.
These effects usually pass quickly, allowing the
patient to return to normal activities the same
day.

22.  Hypotention
 Anaphylaxsis or allergic reactions
 Bacterial infections
 Supression of immune system
 Bleeding or hematoma due to anticoagulant