SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 7
Baixar para ler offline
H. Bloom – ‘strong author’, need to be different, liberate from previous generation, freedom
against heritage.

E. Hemingway – each book should be different, original, write above the times they live in, there
is no escape from the past.

Melville – not intend to be writer, was on ship, 2 adventure novels ‘Typee’, ’Omoo’, ‘Moby
Dick’ > 1851, character Ishmael – young man, captain – Ahab (hidden), navy leg, is famous for
his abstract thinking like Shakespeare; writing become profitable.

Major American Themes vs. universal themes
Individualism vs. democracy
Civilization vs. nature
Materialism vs. idealism (spiritual election)
North vs. South
East vs. West

The Age of Discovery (16th) and The Age of Book

No written records of Indian literary forms – until 19th century (based on oral tradition); 350
languages spoken by Indian native tribes (but they don’ understand each other); great diversity

Textualisation – started in 19th (euro Americans and native Americans)

1992 – Jubilee of discovery of America (at that time native tribes were put into reservations)

1636 – Harvard was established.

1707 – Jamestown

First written records of colonization were in Spanish, French & Italian.

American colonial literature:

Captain John Smith – explorer, author of the first book about settlement, ‘A true relation’ ; ‘The
General history of Virginia, New England & summer Isles’ > story of Pocahontas; he promote
colonization, some of his ideas were democratic; his work may be treated as propaganda –
pamphlet; ‘Description of New England’ > instead of gentlemen’s the first colonist should be
farmers, fishermen etc., practical aspect, but also writes about pleasures of coming to America
(Arcadian delight), makes a list of people who are needed in the colonies. In 1614 he visited
America for the last time.

Literature of colonies had roots in religious reformation of Martin Luther and John Calvin.

First Puritan colonists who settled New England came in 1620 to Plymouth (also Pilgrims). Next
come to America in 1630 and settled around Boston and then to other areas. They wanted spiritual
freedom; God punished the nation and the officials. They were influenced by J.Calvin’s dogmas >
predestination and grace; symbolic signs; link between Puritanism and Catholicism; certain aspects
were forbidden like: doming, gambling, theatre, (hunting but not for pleasure). Family (father) was
for them very important and education also. They writing tends to be practical and simple.

1636 – First printing press

1st book printed in America is ‘The Bay Psalm Book’ (translated from Latin into English); no
ornamentation needed, text was meant to serve community.

William Bradford – self-educated man, ‘instrument of God’. A governor of Plymouth; his
language refers to the Bible; looks for signs of God’s prominence, writes about the hardship,
thankfulness to the God, of prominence.

‘Of Plymouth Plantation’- tells the story of non-conformists, pilgrims from their beginning in
England until 1466; the history of their journey.

The Mayflower Compact > 1st document signed in America in the democratic system.

John Winthrop - 1st governor of Massachusetts Bay. ‘A model for Christian Charity’ ??? ‘A
city upon a hill’ > refers to the words from the Bible (to Matthew), creating community that would
be in harmony with God.

Thomas Morton – not that interested in religion, practical aspect, started May Pole (celebrate the
spring); invited Indians, he was an outsider, twice arrested, angered by Puritans; ‘New English
Canaan’

Roger Williams – he did not accept puritan beliefs; defended tolerance diversity; expelled from the
community, he lived with Indians than; returned and establish his own community on Rode Island
(all people accepted there); ‘A key into the languages of America’ > gives description of Indian
life from time he lived with them.

1692 – crisis (neighbour turned against neighbour, witchcraft)

Cotton Masher – he saw trials; ‘Magnalia Christi Americana’ ; ‘Wonders of the invisible
world’

Arthur Miller ‘Salem Witch’ > metaphor of witches to the situation in USA in 1950’s, accusation
of innocent people, McCarthy & his supporters; the crusade. His later poems describe nature.

Edward Taylor – physician (doctor), minister; he did not want to publish, wasn’t puritan; very
ornamental style, rich figures of speech, metaphors etc.; really emotional in his poetry; his poetry
published in 1931 (leading poet of the Puritan period)

 Michael Wigglesworth – ‘The Day of Doom’ > 1662, one of the best example of Calvinistic
dogmat of sin, punishment; vision in the form of ballad; internal rhymes within the poem, about
destruction of the world; memorized by children in the colonies.
Jonathan Edwards – about angry God, uses different images, addressing members of the
congregation, everything’s God’s will, tone, gesture, mimics.

Benjamin Franklin – scientist, politic & writer, he wrote ‘Autobiography’ > about his life from
the point of view of success; it was to show how to behave to his son; made a list of 13 virtues:
silence, order etc. His models > Jesus & Socrates

Enlightenment > Oświecenie

Washington Irving –first American short story writer; recognized internationally; anticipate Mark
Twain’s humour; spent much time in Europe (17 years); collecting fairytales, studying customs etc;
his stories are set in America but relate to Europe; published his stories in sketchbook; ‘The
Legend of sleepy Hollow’; ‘Rip Van Winkle’> story about a lazy guy who spends time drinking,
in the forest (mountains) he meets a group of dwarfs, he goes to sleep and sleep for 20 years
( wake up after revolution).

James Cooper –‘The last of the Mohicans’; ‘The Leather – Stocking Tales’; ‘The Deerslayer’,
‘The Pathfinder’, ‘The Pioneers’, ‘The Prairie’ > common character white man Natty Bumppo >
frontier man, trapper, scout; his function was to open up the territory for Indians; expert in tracking
and shooting animals – not for fun( at the same time Christian code of nature), innocent, unspoilt,
like Adam ; different Indian names: Hatcheye, Leather Stocking, Deerslayer & Pathfinder.

Edgar Allan Poe – he was romantic but also rational and pragmatic, addicted to drugs and alcohol;
mathematical mind and poetic imagination; ‘Ligeia’, ‘The pleasure of the Red death’, ‘The Cask
of Amontillado’, ‘The Philosophy of Composition’ > rules for a poet to follow in order to be
successful in writing, ‘The Poetic principle’, ‘The Rationale of Verse’ > all about poetry, max
length 100 lines, music very important; ‘The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym’ > 80 pg, , mood
– melancholy & gloom, believed in life after death, interested in human mind, ‘The House of The
Usher’ > sexual unity of twins’, forerunner of psychoanalytical approach; dream and
wakefulness, life & death, sanity & madness, pleasure & horror, perversity & love., house is like a
human mind, Roderick – who is mad, ‘The Purloined Letter’ > detective Auguste Dupin, sb is
blackmailed him and he must find the letter.

Detective story writers – Oscar Wilde ‘The Portray of Dorian Gray’; Dostojewski, Wilson.

3 Great American prose writers – Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville (1819 – 1891)

Edgar Allan Poe:
   1. The Fall of the House of Usher
   2. Manuscript Found in a Bottle
   3. The Purloined Letter > Dupin
   4. The Murder in the Rue Morgue > Dupin
   5. The Mystery of Marie Roget > Dupin
   6. The Black Cat
   7. The Pit and the Pendulum > in Spain (tortures)
   8. The Premature Burial > buried alive
   9. The Masque of the Red Death > Medieval Italy
10. The Oval Portrait

Oscar Wilde
   1. Portrait of Dorian Gray
   2. The Tell-Tale Heart > man kill man ( inspired by Dostojewski)
   3. Ligua > master of logical thinking, her mind is more important than body
   4. The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether > doctors ill, patients no
   5. The Power of Words > physical power of words
   6. Berenice > female figures
   7. William Wilson

Melville
   1. Mardi
   1. Moby Dick
   2. Pierre
   3. Confidence – Man
   4. Benito Cereno
   5. Bertleby, the Scrivener
   6. Billy Budd > about a sailor

N. Hawthorne – his characters turn into demon
   1. The Scarlet Letter > about Puritans
   1. The House of Seven Gables > Puritan notion of sin
   2. The Marble Faun
   3. The Blithedale Romance > highly romantic, utopia vision
   4. Twice – Told Tales
   5. Mosses from an old Manse
   6. Young Goodman Brown
   7. Rapacini’s Daughter
   8. The Minister Black Veil
   9. Ethan Brand
   10. Wakefield
   11. My Kinsman, Major Molineux

Emerson
  1. Nature
  1. Self Reliance
  2. American Scholar > intellectual declaration of independence
  3. The Poet
  4. The Over – Soul > instead of God
  5. Experience

Transcendentalism – spiritual principle in every aspect of reality, nature is the symbol of spirit

Henry David Thoreau
   1. Walden
   1. Civil Disobedience > rebellious spirit, refusal to pay taxes
Margaret Fuller – 1st feminine voice, female right

Whitman Walt – (1819-1892)
  1. Leaves of Grass
  1. A woman wits for me
  2. To a prostitute
  3. Song of myself
  4. Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
  5. Crossing Brooklyn Ferry
  6. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

Henry Longfellow (1807-1882)
   1. The Song of Hiawatha
   1. The Secret of The Sea

Emily Dickinson – personal writing, few poems, writes about madness, truth

M. Twain
   1. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Ernest Hemingway – main character Nick Adams, uses the iceberg technique > believed that, like
an iceberg, which only reveals one-eighth of itself above water, a story should also only reveal the
most essential information and the reader completes the story with its own phantasy.
    1. Indian Camp
    1. Big Two – Hearted River > themes of initiation
    2. The Sun Also Rises > people living in Paris, main character Jake Barnes
    3. For Whom The Bell Tolls > about Spanish Civil War
    4. A Farewell to Arms

William Faulkner - 1897-1962 Nobel Prize Winner in 1949, his novels are set in a country called
Yohnapatawpha > Mississippi; interested in Stream of Consciousness
   1. Soldier’s Pay
   1. Flags in The Dust
   2. The Sound and The Fury > Stream of Consciousness; Campson family, 4 sections and
       narrators; Benjy – idiot, his sister Caddy, brother Quentin, Jason – represents pragmatism
   3. As I Lay Dying > about Bundren family, cemetery far away in Jefferson, mother – Addie

Francisco Fitzgerald
   1. The Great Gatsby
   1. The Value of The Ushes ???
   2. Tender is the Night

John Dos Passos
   1. Three Soldiers
   1. Manhattan Transfer
   2. The 42nd Parallel
3. 1919
   4. The Big Money

Newsreel – gives his novel a sense of unity & historical & social context

Camera eye – uses stream of consciousness

Robert Frost – 1874-1963, His work frequently employed themes from the early 1900s rural life
in New England, using the setting to examine complex social and philosophical themes. A popular
and often-quoted poet, Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer
Prizes for Poetry.

Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)
  1. Richard Cory
  1. Miniver Cheery > showing life of a child
  2. Luke Harergal
  3. Richard Cory > rich, gentleman, killed himself
  4. The Road Not Taken > new landscape,
  5. MendingWall > spring time, 2 people, 2 contrasting viewpoints

William Carlos Williams
   1. The Red Wheelbarrow

Ezra Pound – creator of the term ‘imagism’
   1. The Cantos

Imagism – reliance on image, that has ability to express feelings of three human life.

John Barth
   1. The Floating Opera
   1. Lost in The Funhouse

Donald Barthelmy
   1. Snow White

Thomas Pynchon
   1. V
   1. Gravity’s Rainbow

Features of postmodernism:
          • Playfulness
          • Used for purposes of parody
          • Literary models of expressions re exhausted
          • Fiction is self-conscious, direct allusion to the process of writing
          • Theme of mirror – self-reflexivity
          • Labyrinth / Maze – reader may feel lost
•   Lack of the structure

Literature of Exhaustion – analyses writing of American writers

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley Craig Carey
 
north american literature - colonial time
north american literature - colonial timenorth american literature - colonial time
north american literature - colonial timeNome Sobrenome
 
American Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600S
American Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600SAmerican Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600S
American Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600SAnisa Asharie
 
American literary periods
American literary periodsAmerican literary periods
American literary periodsMarjorie Rice
 
Comparisons between eve and lilith
Comparisons between eve and lilithComparisons between eve and lilith
Comparisons between eve and lilithzankhana matholiya
 
English and american literature
English and american literatureEnglish and american literature
English and american literaturetech wuo
 
Native american lit
Native american litNative american lit
Native american litctawes
 
Slavery in america
Slavery in americaSlavery in america
Slavery in americaambrelee
 
Introduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 students
Introduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 studentsIntroduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 students
Introduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 studentsGelineBasada
 
Introduction to the Romantic Era
Introduction to the Romantic EraIntroduction to the Romantic Era
Introduction to the Romantic Eraaprilme74
 
American literature
American literatureAmerican literature
American literaturekfmsr
 
The american renaissance (notes)
The american renaissance (notes)The american renaissance (notes)
The american renaissance (notes)Rana Kang
 
American Literature 1865-1914 Overview
American Literature 1865-1914 OverviewAmerican Literature 1865-1914 Overview
American Literature 1865-1914 OverviewAriadne Rooney
 

Mais procurados (20)

Colonial period
Colonial periodColonial period
Colonial period
 
Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley
 
American literature
American literatureAmerican literature
American literature
 
William bradford 1
William bradford 1William bradford 1
William bradford 1
 
north american literature - colonial time
north american literature - colonial timenorth american literature - colonial time
north american literature - colonial time
 
Phil. literature project
Phil. literature projectPhil. literature project
Phil. literature project
 
American Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600S
American Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600SAmerican Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600S
American Literature: Prose BEGINNINGS: THE 1500S AND 1600S
 
American literary periods
American literary periodsAmerican literary periods
American literary periods
 
Comparisons between eve and lilith
Comparisons between eve and lilithComparisons between eve and lilith
Comparisons between eve and lilith
 
English and american literature
English and american literatureEnglish and american literature
English and american literature
 
Native american lit
Native american litNative american lit
Native american lit
 
Slavery in america
Slavery in americaSlavery in america
Slavery in america
 
Introduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 students
Introduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 studentsIntroduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 students
Introduction to Anglo-American Literature Grade 9 students
 
English-American Literature
English-American LiteratureEnglish-American Literature
English-American Literature
 
Introduction to the Romantic Era
Introduction to the Romantic EraIntroduction to the Romantic Era
Introduction to the Romantic Era
 
American literature
American literatureAmerican literature
American literature
 
The american renaissance (notes)
The american renaissance (notes)The american renaissance (notes)
The american renaissance (notes)
 
American Literature 1865-1914 Overview
American Literature 1865-1914 OverviewAmerican Literature 1865-1914 Overview
American Literature 1865-1914 Overview
 
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington
 
Russian History Fall 09 Class 6
Russian History Fall 09 Class 6Russian History Fall 09 Class 6
Russian History Fall 09 Class 6
 

Semelhante a Literature American

American Literature Timeline
American Literature TimelineAmerican Literature Timeline
American Literature TimelineTracy Hill
 
1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.ppt
1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.ppt1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.ppt
1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.pptMariaLizaCamo1
 
Literati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM Kozhikode
Literati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM KozhikodeLiterati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM Kozhikode
Literati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM KozhikodeAtharva
 
美国文学史通论
美国文学史通论美国文学史通论
美国文学史通论Akshit Mehta
 
American Lit.pdf
American Lit.pdfAmerican Lit.pdf
American Lit.pdfluxasuhi
 
Nathaniel Hawthorn Characteristics
Nathaniel Hawthorn CharacteristicsNathaniel Hawthorn Characteristics
Nathaniel Hawthorn CharacteristicsMelissa Luster
 
Week Xi (Romanticism Period)
Week Xi (Romanticism Period)Week Xi (Romanticism Period)
Week Xi (Romanticism Period)Yusuf Kurniawan
 
American Realism --Local Colorism .ppt
American Realism --Local Colorism .pptAmerican Realism --Local Colorism .ppt
American Realism --Local Colorism .pptZhijunRen2
 
American renaissance
American renaissanceAmerican renaissance
American renaissanceWilmer Quiros
 
Art from 1750 to 1840
Art from 1750 to 1840Art from 1750 to 1840
Art from 1750 to 1840Marc Hill
 
BCQC Literature Open Prelims
BCQC Literature Open PrelimsBCQC Literature Open Prelims
BCQC Literature Open PrelimsRanajeet Soman
 
American Literature: Romanticism
American Literature: RomanticismAmerican Literature: Romanticism
American Literature: RomanticismCeleste Agudo
 
Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18
Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18
Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18Chris Cooke
 
Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016
Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016 Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016
Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016 Kristin Bernet
 

Semelhante a Literature American (20)

American Literature Timeline
American Literature TimelineAmerican Literature Timeline
American Literature Timeline
 
NOOR.pptx
NOOR.pptxNOOR.pptx
NOOR.pptx
 
1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.ppt
1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.ppt1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.ppt
1-4-2010 THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.ppt
 
Literati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM Kozhikode
Literati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM KozhikodeLiterati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM Kozhikode
Literati - The Literature Quiz @ IIM Kozhikode
 
美国文学史通论
美国文学史通论美国文学史通论
美国文学史通论
 
American Lit.pdf
American Lit.pdfAmerican Lit.pdf
American Lit.pdf
 
Poe gothic american
Poe gothic americanPoe gothic american
Poe gothic american
 
Introduction to american literature
Introduction to american literatureIntroduction to american literature
Introduction to american literature
 
Nathaniel Hawthorn Characteristics
Nathaniel Hawthorn CharacteristicsNathaniel Hawthorn Characteristics
Nathaniel Hawthorn Characteristics
 
Week Xi (Romanticism Period)
Week Xi (Romanticism Period)Week Xi (Romanticism Period)
Week Xi (Romanticism Period)
 
American Realism --Local Colorism .ppt
American Realism --Local Colorism .pptAmerican Realism --Local Colorism .ppt
American Realism --Local Colorism .ppt
 
American renaissance
American renaissanceAmerican renaissance
American renaissance
 
Art from 1750 to 1840
Art from 1750 to 1840Art from 1750 to 1840
Art from 1750 to 1840
 
Elit 48 c class 9
Elit 48 c class 9Elit 48 c class 9
Elit 48 c class 9
 
BCQC Literature Open Prelims
BCQC Literature Open PrelimsBCQC Literature Open Prelims
BCQC Literature Open Prelims
 
American Literature: Romanticism
American Literature: RomanticismAmerican Literature: Romanticism
American Literature: Romanticism
 
Day 4-ELIT 46C
Day 4-ELIT 46CDay 4-ELIT 46C
Day 4-ELIT 46C
 
Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18
Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18
Grapes of wrath chapters 12 18
 
Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016
Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016 Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016
Junior Term Paper Authors: 2015-2016
 
American romanticism
American romanticismAmerican romanticism
American romanticism
 

Último

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeCeline George
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTDR. SNEHA NAIR
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashasashalaycock03
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxvidhisharma994099
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfMohonDas
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceApostolos Syropoulos
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Dr. Asif Anas
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 

Último (20)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
 
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic SupportMarch 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 

Literature American

  • 1. H. Bloom – ‘strong author’, need to be different, liberate from previous generation, freedom against heritage. E. Hemingway – each book should be different, original, write above the times they live in, there is no escape from the past. Melville – not intend to be writer, was on ship, 2 adventure novels ‘Typee’, ’Omoo’, ‘Moby Dick’ > 1851, character Ishmael – young man, captain – Ahab (hidden), navy leg, is famous for his abstract thinking like Shakespeare; writing become profitable. Major American Themes vs. universal themes Individualism vs. democracy Civilization vs. nature Materialism vs. idealism (spiritual election) North vs. South East vs. West The Age of Discovery (16th) and The Age of Book No written records of Indian literary forms – until 19th century (based on oral tradition); 350 languages spoken by Indian native tribes (but they don’ understand each other); great diversity Textualisation – started in 19th (euro Americans and native Americans) 1992 – Jubilee of discovery of America (at that time native tribes were put into reservations) 1636 – Harvard was established. 1707 – Jamestown First written records of colonization were in Spanish, French & Italian. American colonial literature: Captain John Smith – explorer, author of the first book about settlement, ‘A true relation’ ; ‘The General history of Virginia, New England & summer Isles’ > story of Pocahontas; he promote colonization, some of his ideas were democratic; his work may be treated as propaganda – pamphlet; ‘Description of New England’ > instead of gentlemen’s the first colonist should be farmers, fishermen etc., practical aspect, but also writes about pleasures of coming to America (Arcadian delight), makes a list of people who are needed in the colonies. In 1614 he visited America for the last time. Literature of colonies had roots in religious reformation of Martin Luther and John Calvin. First Puritan colonists who settled New England came in 1620 to Plymouth (also Pilgrims). Next come to America in 1630 and settled around Boston and then to other areas. They wanted spiritual freedom; God punished the nation and the officials. They were influenced by J.Calvin’s dogmas >
  • 2. predestination and grace; symbolic signs; link between Puritanism and Catholicism; certain aspects were forbidden like: doming, gambling, theatre, (hunting but not for pleasure). Family (father) was for them very important and education also. They writing tends to be practical and simple. 1636 – First printing press 1st book printed in America is ‘The Bay Psalm Book’ (translated from Latin into English); no ornamentation needed, text was meant to serve community. William Bradford – self-educated man, ‘instrument of God’. A governor of Plymouth; his language refers to the Bible; looks for signs of God’s prominence, writes about the hardship, thankfulness to the God, of prominence. ‘Of Plymouth Plantation’- tells the story of non-conformists, pilgrims from their beginning in England until 1466; the history of their journey. The Mayflower Compact > 1st document signed in America in the democratic system. John Winthrop - 1st governor of Massachusetts Bay. ‘A model for Christian Charity’ ??? ‘A city upon a hill’ > refers to the words from the Bible (to Matthew), creating community that would be in harmony with God. Thomas Morton – not that interested in religion, practical aspect, started May Pole (celebrate the spring); invited Indians, he was an outsider, twice arrested, angered by Puritans; ‘New English Canaan’ Roger Williams – he did not accept puritan beliefs; defended tolerance diversity; expelled from the community, he lived with Indians than; returned and establish his own community on Rode Island (all people accepted there); ‘A key into the languages of America’ > gives description of Indian life from time he lived with them. 1692 – crisis (neighbour turned against neighbour, witchcraft) Cotton Masher – he saw trials; ‘Magnalia Christi Americana’ ; ‘Wonders of the invisible world’ Arthur Miller ‘Salem Witch’ > metaphor of witches to the situation in USA in 1950’s, accusation of innocent people, McCarthy & his supporters; the crusade. His later poems describe nature. Edward Taylor – physician (doctor), minister; he did not want to publish, wasn’t puritan; very ornamental style, rich figures of speech, metaphors etc.; really emotional in his poetry; his poetry published in 1931 (leading poet of the Puritan period) Michael Wigglesworth – ‘The Day of Doom’ > 1662, one of the best example of Calvinistic dogmat of sin, punishment; vision in the form of ballad; internal rhymes within the poem, about destruction of the world; memorized by children in the colonies.
  • 3. Jonathan Edwards – about angry God, uses different images, addressing members of the congregation, everything’s God’s will, tone, gesture, mimics. Benjamin Franklin – scientist, politic & writer, he wrote ‘Autobiography’ > about his life from the point of view of success; it was to show how to behave to his son; made a list of 13 virtues: silence, order etc. His models > Jesus & Socrates Enlightenment > Oświecenie Washington Irving –first American short story writer; recognized internationally; anticipate Mark Twain’s humour; spent much time in Europe (17 years); collecting fairytales, studying customs etc; his stories are set in America but relate to Europe; published his stories in sketchbook; ‘The Legend of sleepy Hollow’; ‘Rip Van Winkle’> story about a lazy guy who spends time drinking, in the forest (mountains) he meets a group of dwarfs, he goes to sleep and sleep for 20 years ( wake up after revolution). James Cooper –‘The last of the Mohicans’; ‘The Leather – Stocking Tales’; ‘The Deerslayer’, ‘The Pathfinder’, ‘The Pioneers’, ‘The Prairie’ > common character white man Natty Bumppo > frontier man, trapper, scout; his function was to open up the territory for Indians; expert in tracking and shooting animals – not for fun( at the same time Christian code of nature), innocent, unspoilt, like Adam ; different Indian names: Hatcheye, Leather Stocking, Deerslayer & Pathfinder. Edgar Allan Poe – he was romantic but also rational and pragmatic, addicted to drugs and alcohol; mathematical mind and poetic imagination; ‘Ligeia’, ‘The pleasure of the Red death’, ‘The Cask of Amontillado’, ‘The Philosophy of Composition’ > rules for a poet to follow in order to be successful in writing, ‘The Poetic principle’, ‘The Rationale of Verse’ > all about poetry, max length 100 lines, music very important; ‘The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym’ > 80 pg, , mood – melancholy & gloom, believed in life after death, interested in human mind, ‘The House of The Usher’ > sexual unity of twins’, forerunner of psychoanalytical approach; dream and wakefulness, life & death, sanity & madness, pleasure & horror, perversity & love., house is like a human mind, Roderick – who is mad, ‘The Purloined Letter’ > detective Auguste Dupin, sb is blackmailed him and he must find the letter. Detective story writers – Oscar Wilde ‘The Portray of Dorian Gray’; Dostojewski, Wilson. 3 Great American prose writers – Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville (1819 – 1891) Edgar Allan Poe: 1. The Fall of the House of Usher 2. Manuscript Found in a Bottle 3. The Purloined Letter > Dupin 4. The Murder in the Rue Morgue > Dupin 5. The Mystery of Marie Roget > Dupin 6. The Black Cat 7. The Pit and the Pendulum > in Spain (tortures) 8. The Premature Burial > buried alive 9. The Masque of the Red Death > Medieval Italy
  • 4. 10. The Oval Portrait Oscar Wilde 1. Portrait of Dorian Gray 2. The Tell-Tale Heart > man kill man ( inspired by Dostojewski) 3. Ligua > master of logical thinking, her mind is more important than body 4. The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether > doctors ill, patients no 5. The Power of Words > physical power of words 6. Berenice > female figures 7. William Wilson Melville 1. Mardi 1. Moby Dick 2. Pierre 3. Confidence – Man 4. Benito Cereno 5. Bertleby, the Scrivener 6. Billy Budd > about a sailor N. Hawthorne – his characters turn into demon 1. The Scarlet Letter > about Puritans 1. The House of Seven Gables > Puritan notion of sin 2. The Marble Faun 3. The Blithedale Romance > highly romantic, utopia vision 4. Twice – Told Tales 5. Mosses from an old Manse 6. Young Goodman Brown 7. Rapacini’s Daughter 8. The Minister Black Veil 9. Ethan Brand 10. Wakefield 11. My Kinsman, Major Molineux Emerson 1. Nature 1. Self Reliance 2. American Scholar > intellectual declaration of independence 3. The Poet 4. The Over – Soul > instead of God 5. Experience Transcendentalism – spiritual principle in every aspect of reality, nature is the symbol of spirit Henry David Thoreau 1. Walden 1. Civil Disobedience > rebellious spirit, refusal to pay taxes
  • 5. Margaret Fuller – 1st feminine voice, female right Whitman Walt – (1819-1892) 1. Leaves of Grass 1. A woman wits for me 2. To a prostitute 3. Song of myself 4. Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking 5. Crossing Brooklyn Ferry 6. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d Henry Longfellow (1807-1882) 1. The Song of Hiawatha 1. The Secret of The Sea Emily Dickinson – personal writing, few poems, writes about madness, truth M. Twain 1. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ernest Hemingway – main character Nick Adams, uses the iceberg technique > believed that, like an iceberg, which only reveals one-eighth of itself above water, a story should also only reveal the most essential information and the reader completes the story with its own phantasy. 1. Indian Camp 1. Big Two – Hearted River > themes of initiation 2. The Sun Also Rises > people living in Paris, main character Jake Barnes 3. For Whom The Bell Tolls > about Spanish Civil War 4. A Farewell to Arms William Faulkner - 1897-1962 Nobel Prize Winner in 1949, his novels are set in a country called Yohnapatawpha > Mississippi; interested in Stream of Consciousness 1. Soldier’s Pay 1. Flags in The Dust 2. The Sound and The Fury > Stream of Consciousness; Campson family, 4 sections and narrators; Benjy – idiot, his sister Caddy, brother Quentin, Jason – represents pragmatism 3. As I Lay Dying > about Bundren family, cemetery far away in Jefferson, mother – Addie Francisco Fitzgerald 1. The Great Gatsby 1. The Value of The Ushes ??? 2. Tender is the Night John Dos Passos 1. Three Soldiers 1. Manhattan Transfer 2. The 42nd Parallel
  • 6. 3. 1919 4. The Big Money Newsreel – gives his novel a sense of unity & historical & social context Camera eye – uses stream of consciousness Robert Frost – 1874-1963, His work frequently employed themes from the early 1900s rural life in New England, using the setting to examine complex social and philosophical themes. A popular and often-quoted poet, Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) 1. Richard Cory 1. Miniver Cheery > showing life of a child 2. Luke Harergal 3. Richard Cory > rich, gentleman, killed himself 4. The Road Not Taken > new landscape, 5. MendingWall > spring time, 2 people, 2 contrasting viewpoints William Carlos Williams 1. The Red Wheelbarrow Ezra Pound – creator of the term ‘imagism’ 1. The Cantos Imagism – reliance on image, that has ability to express feelings of three human life. John Barth 1. The Floating Opera 1. Lost in The Funhouse Donald Barthelmy 1. Snow White Thomas Pynchon 1. V 1. Gravity’s Rainbow Features of postmodernism: • Playfulness • Used for purposes of parody • Literary models of expressions re exhausted • Fiction is self-conscious, direct allusion to the process of writing • Theme of mirror – self-reflexivity • Labyrinth / Maze – reader may feel lost
  • 7. Lack of the structure Literature of Exhaustion – analyses writing of American writers