Extraction Of Metals

Extraction of metals Only some unreactive metals such as silver, gold and platinum can occur freely in nature. Most metals react with other elements to form ores.

Major steps in extraction of metal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

the extraction of metals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Method of extraction depends on the position of the metal in the reactivity series.

the extraction of metals Metals at the top of the reactivity series are very reactive: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2A l 2 O 3 4A l + 3O 2

Ways of Extraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extracted by electrolysis of molten chlorides Extraction by reduction of oxides using carbon Extraction by electrolysis of molten Al 2 O 3 dissolved in cryolite Roasting ore by heating alone

Raw materials of extraction of Iron ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 1 – Production of carbon dioxide ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 2 – Production of carbon monoxide ,[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 3 – Reduction of haematite ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 3 – Reduction of haematite ,[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 4 – Removal of Impurities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

http:// www.bbc.co.uk/history/games/blast/blast.shtml

Why Steel? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pig Iron to Steel Using Basic Oxygen Furnace ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Steel Little carbon, with chromium & nickel Stainless steel – alloy 0.45% - 1.50% High carbon steel Up to 0.25% Mild carbon steel Percentage of carbon Steel

Properties of Steel ,[object Object],[object Object]

Uses of Steel Pipes & tanks in chemical plants, making cutlery, surgical instruments Stainless steel – does not rust Make knives, hammer, cutting tools High carbon steel – strong but brittle Make steel parts in car bodies , machineries Mild carbon steel – strong, hard & malleable Uses Steel

Alloy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Metals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alloys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Extraction of Aluminium from Bauxite ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Extraction of Aluminium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Extraction of Aluminium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Anodising ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Anodising ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Uses of Aluminium Low density, light High tensile strength Resistant to corrosion Aircraft body Non-toxic Resistant to corrosion Good conductor of heat Food containers Low density, light Resistant to corrosion (protected by aluminium oxide) Good electrical conductivity Overhead electric cables Properties Uses

Conditions for Corrosion of Iron ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g) + 2 x H 2 O(l)  2Fe 2 O 3 . x H 2 O (s)

Prevention of rusting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sacrificial protection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alloying ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Finite Resource ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Extraction Of Metals

Extraction Of Metals

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