IGARSS2011-TDX_TandemL_v1.pdf

Tandem-L: Estimation of Vertical Forest Structure by means of
Multi-Baseline Pol-InSAR @ L-band for Global Biomass Mapping

M. Padrini, A. Torano Caioya, S-K. Lee, F. Kugler, I. Hajnsek & K. Papathanassiou

Microwaves and Radar Institute (DLR-HR)
German Aerospace Center (DLR) Microwaves and Radar Institute / Pol - InSAR Research Group

Interferometric ~( S S )   S1 S  
2
S1 S2 γ 1 2
Coherence  S1 S1   S 2 S  

2

SAR Interferometry for Volume Structure
hv

 f ( z ) eik z z dz
Volume ~ ( f ( z ))  eik z z o
γ Vol o
hv
Coherence
 f ( z ) dz f ( z)
o

f ( z ) … vertical reflectivity function
~~
γ γ Temporal γ SNR ~ Volume
γ κΔ θ
Vertical Wavenumber: κ z 
sin( θ0 )
~
γ Temporal … temporal decorrelation

γ SNR … additive noise decorrelation
~
γ Volume … geometric decorrelation

VU 2 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006

Interferometric ~( S S )   S1 S  
2
S1 S2 γ 1 2
Coherence  S1 S1   S 2 S  

2

hv

γ Vol o
hv
Coherence
 f ( z ) dz f ( z)
o

f ( z )2 Layer reflectivity function
… vertical Inversion Model
 2 σ( z ) z 
 
κΔ θ 
κ iz ) ~V  m( w )
 cos θ 0 
f ( z)  f0 e   ~
 m δ( z  z 0 )Vertical Wavenumber: φ0 γ
G γ( w )  exp( sin( θ0() )
1 m w

hV 
 2 σ ( z ) z'   mG (w )
  cos θ dz'
I  exp(iκ z z' ) exp m( w )   σ( z) has to be parameterised
Coherence

 m V ( w )I0
 0 
Volume

~
I 0 Volume Height h V
γV  hV
I0  2 σ( z ) z'  κΔ θ Topography φ0
I0  0
 cos θ dz'
exp
 0 
 κz 
Microwaves and Radar Institute sin( θ0 ) G/V Ratio

m( w ) > Autor Name
VU 3

Traunstein Test Site Forest type Temperate
Topography Moderate slopes
2003 Oct. Height 25 ~ 35m
Species N. Spruce, E. Beech, White Fir
Biomass 40 ~ 450 t/ha

50

40

30

20

10

HV Amplitude Image Pol-InSAR Forest Height Elevation Model
0m

VU 4 > Autor Name

Traunstein Test Site

2003 Oct. 2008 June

50

40

30

20

10

0m

VU 5 > Autor Name

Source: Marc Simard, JPL,Microwaves and Radar Institute
NASA 0 10 20 30 40 50 [m] 60

-15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m

50

40

30

20

10

LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax)
0m

VU 9 > Autor Name

-15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m

Bias: 0.1 m Bias: 0.2 m
Std: 1.7 m Std: 2.8 m

50

40

30

20

10

LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax)
SAR – LIDAR DTM
0m


-15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m

LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax) SAR DTM (Relax)

VU 11 > Autor Name

-15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m

Small Baselines / Large Baselines Small Baselines / Large Baselines

Bias: 0.1 Bias: 1 m
Std: 2.2 Std: 3.1 m
Bias: 0.1 Bias: -1.3 m
Std: 2.6 Std: 6.0 m

LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax) SAR DTM (Relax)

VU 12 > Autor Name


X-band
2003 Oct.

Phase Center Height
50

40

30

20

10

0m

VU 13 > Autor Name

Polarimetric Coherence Tomography


hv

γ Vol o
hv
Coherence
 f ( z ) dz f ( z)
o


κΔ θ
f(z) Vertical Wavenumber: κz 
sin( θ0 )
hv hv k zh v 1 k zh v
h i i z'
   (1  f ( z' ))
ik z z ik z z
f ( z) e dz f (z) e dz  v e 2
e 2
dz '
~ ( f ( z))  eik z zo o 0 2 1
γ Vol hv hv 1
h
 f ( z) dz  f ( z ) dz  v
2  (1  f ( z ' )) dz '
o 0 1
1
2n  1
Fourier Legendre Series: f ( z' )   anPn (z' )
where an 
2 
f ( z' )VUn14 z'Autor Name
P ( > )dz'
n 1

690
Topo Height [m] Vertical Forest Profile Reconstruction

Mixed Forest Stand

570
Mature Spruce Stand
Topo Height [m]

PCT Reconstruction from 2 Baselines
570
Height H

f(z)
a0 a1 a2 a3

Test site: Traunstein, Germany, L-band @ HVand Radar Institute
Microwaves
Polarisation Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006

Structure-to-Biomass Allometry
B = la * 1.66 H 1 . 50

H 3
B = 3.11  a P(z )
i =0 j =1
j j i

 Height (m)

Biomass Mg/ha
f (z)
a0 a1 a2 a3

z
x

y

Summary

Multi-Baseline (Single-Pass) Polarimetric SAR Interferometry:

Accurate (<10%) estimation of forest top height at high spatial resolutions (20-50m Grid);

Estimation of Ground DEM – Removal of Vegetation Bias;

Resolving low frequency vertical forest structure using by a “realistic” number of acqisitions.

Above ground forest Biomass:

Structure based (AG) Biomass estimators promise accuracy & stability across very different
forest conditions;

Mapping of “radar” structure to biomass structure has to be resolved.

VU 19 > Autor Name

Tandem-L: Estimation of Vertical Forest Structure by means of
Multi-Baseline Pol-InSAR @ L-band for Global Biomass Mapping

M. Padrini A. Torano Caioya, S-K. Lee, Florian Kugler, Irena Hajnsek & K. Papathanassiou

Microwaves and Radar Institute (DLR-HR)
German Aerospace Center (DLR) Microwaves and Radar Institute / Pol - InSAR Research Group

IGARSS2011-TDX_TandemL_v1.pdf

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IGARSS2011-TDX_TandemL_v1.pdf