The document discusses the transition from traditional libraries to semantic libraries, where information is organized and linked semantically rather than through physical containers and linear documents. It explores how libraries can generate knowledge through automated reasoning on semantically enriched content. Several tools and projects are presented that aim to publish content as structured, interconnected data in order to realize the vision of semantic libraries.

1. Towards Semantic Libraries The Container, the Content and the Contenders Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin / School of Library and Information Science [email_address]

3. Main course: Where are we going to? Semantic (Digital) Libraries

4. Dessert : Who else is going there? Partners and Contenders

5. Hors d'Oeuvre Where are we coming from? Basics of Library Functionality

6. Library Functional Principles (1)

8. Mediating links as pointers from metadata to objects

11. Main Course Where are we going to? Towards the Semantic Library

12. Linear Document Continuum ... … in the Gutenberg galaxy

13. Linear Document Continuum ... … in emulation mode

14. Linear Document Continuum ... … going digital (entering Turing galaxy)

16. Disintegration of the linear / circular functional paradigma

17. Erosion of the monolithic document notion in hypertext paradigms Web Based Scholarly Working Continuum ... … a triple paradigm shift: Beyond Documents

18. Ted Nelson's Xanadu: radicalised Hypertext ...

19. … the web of 'documents' extended with a web of 'things' ...

21. And what constitutes document boundaries??

22. And which node was connected to which one at a given time??? A B C

23. Machines can reason on triple sets!

24. Some reasoning preconditions ...

25. … and an automated inference! There is quite some potential for generating scholarly heuristics here!

26. The use of Inferences Citation: van Haagen HHHBM, 't Hoen PAC, Botelho Bovo A, de Morrée A, van Mulligen EM, et al. (2009) Novel Protein-Protein Interactions Inferred from Literature Context. PLoS ONE 4(11): e7894. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007894 / Example provided by Jan Velterop

27. LoD: Billions of Triples … … and Semantic Publishing! http://esw.w3.org/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/DataSets 34

29. facilitates its automated discovery ,

30. enables its linking to semantically related articles ,

31. provides access to data within the article in actionable form, or

33. Behind the Sceen

39. clustered,

40. cited, extracted,

41. indexed,

42. analyzed,

43. annotated,

44. remixed,

45. reassembled and woven deeper into the culture than ever before. In the new world of books, every bit informs another; every page reads all the other pages.” Kevin Kelly, The New York Times Magazine, May 14, 2006

47. not based on static HTML pages, but instead consisting of dynamic documents ,

48. provided at runtime from semantic microcontent (“PAUX-Objects”),

49. semantically linked by “PAUX-Links”

50. Microcontent elements have HTTP URIs !

51. -> PAUX documents can be published as Linked (Open) Data aggregations with maximum granularity: down to word level .

52. PAUX creates “liquid books”

53. PAUX ( http://www.paux.de ): origins in eLearning

54. Granular Semantic Publishing: Paux (1)

55. Very Granular Semantic Publishing: Paux (2)

56. Semantic Publishing: Paux (3)

57. Linked Semantic Publishing: Paux (4)

58. Linked Semantic Publishing: Paux (5)

59. Social Semantic Publishing: Paux (6)

60. Paux live (1): Outline & Sentences

61. Paux live (2): Sentence & Linking Options

62. Paux live (3): Word & Hyperlinks

63. Paux live (4): Word & Link to Sentence

65. … at least in the STM sector.

67. fuzzy linking semantics hard to formalise consistently

69. => Jan Velterop's concept of “Nano-Publications” or Bill Town's examples from chemistry (namely OreChem)

71. Linguistic heterogeneity of content

72. Granularity of objects

73. Noise (encoding and semantic)

75. They render obsolete the very notion of a ' collection ' ...

76. … as well as the notion of a ' catalogue '

77. -> Do we need more than one Digital Library in such a setting ?

80. Multiplication of collections or distributors is annoying -> as few as possible. Ideally just one (?)

82. Contextualisation of information objects

83. Robust reasoning and inferencing yielding digital heuristics => Opportunities for libraries … but for others, too!

84. Dessert Who else is going there? Partners and Contenders

86. Search engine technology (Google and others)

88. Amazon

89. Publishers

92. Metadata catalogue -> semantic network of contextualized object representations

93. Information object storage and retrieval -> knowledge generation Or else the WWW will share the fate of the Concorde aircraft or of the Zeppelin (Eco) and nothing of this is going to happen … … I don't believe so!

95. David Shotton (2009a): Semantic Publishing. The coming revolution inscientific journal publishing. Learned Publishing Volume 22, No 2, 85–94, April 2009; doi:10.1087/2009202

96. David Shotton et al. (2009b): Adventures in Semantic Publishing: Exemplar Semantic Enhancements of a Research Article ( http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000361 )

97. Barend Mons, Jan Velterop: Nano-Publication in the e-science era ( http://www.surffoundation.nl/SiteCollectionDocuments/Nano-Publication%20-%20Mons%20-%20Velterop.pdf )

98. Alan Renear, Carol Palmer (2009): Strategic Reading, Ontologies and the Future of scientific Publishing. In: Science August 2009, p. 828 – 832. Thank you for your patience and attention