The Groundwater and Storage interactions project arose out of a meeting on the shoulder of the Greenhouse Gas Technologies Conference in Amsterdam in 2010. It was decided to concentrate initially on the Australian Flagships projects. On 3 May 2011 Australian researchers and government agencies met and presented their work to date. In these slides COLLIE HUB, Western Australia, present on Groundwater Issues

2. COLLIE HUB
Presentation
Groundwater Issues
3 May 2011

3. THE CONCEPT
COLLIE HUB
•Integrated industrial CO2
geosequestration system
•Storage within an
identified area
• Red mud sequestration
300,000 + tpa (Alcoa)
• 2.4 mtpa Perdaman CO2
• Potential for up to 7 mtpa
for future power
generation

4. HOW IT WILL WORK

5. Target formations
• The target injection formation is the Lesueur
Sandstone with a top depth of approximately
1300 metres.
• The depths of injection will be approximately
2000 and 2500 metres.
• The Eneabba Formation will be the upper,
“sealing” formation
• Modelling shows the CO2 just reaching the
base Eneabba

6. CO2 Injectivity and
Dynamic Capacity
OPTION 1 OPTION 2
• Injection rate range: Single well Multiple well
w/ dual completion w/ single completion
• Base Myalup & top Wonnerup: 0.2 – 1
Mt/a/completion
• Mid Myalup: 0.3 – 1 Mt/a/completion
• Total: 0.9 – 1.7 Mt/a/well
• CO2 contained volume (cumulative after
40 yrs of injection) :
• Base Myalup & top Wonnerup: 110 - 150 Mt
• Mid Myalup: 90 – 150 Mt
• Total injection range: 200 – 260 Mt
• Maximum pressure buildup of ~ 50 bar
occurred across Darling fault, in Myalup
and Wonnerup. Fault is still stable.

7. Dynamic Simulations
• Target injection (40 yrs): 6 injectors
• Completion consideration to optimize
injection volume and manage
containment risk:
• Proximity to faults and well spacing
• Rock quality distribution
• Reservoir dip
• Two potential injection zones
identified:
• Base Myalup/Top Wonnerup with lower
containment risk
• Mid Myalup with higher injectivity
potential and higher containment risk
due to the proximity to Eneabba:
• Smaller injection intervals away from
the Base Eneabba
• Injection constraints: frac-pressure
Darling Fault

8. Injection Intervals

9. 1000
yrs
1000 yrs
Distance, m
Distance, m
Distance, m

10. CO2 Containment and Trapping
Mechanism
• CO2 reaches base of Eneabba at
250 yrs
• After shut-in, up dip
• After 100 years shut-in:
• mobile gas from 77% to 35%
• After 1000 years shut-in:
• Mobile gas: 10%
• Residual / immobile gas: 60%
• Dissolved gas: 30%
Trapping mechanism in Base
Scenario
• * residual saturation 10-40%

11. Fault Seal Analysis
•Fault Seal Analysis of
bounding faults in the
study area (Petrel):
• Darling Fault – main bounding fault
(considered sealing)
• 4NS
• 8EW
•Fault / Fracture
Reactivation
• faults stable up to 110 bar
overpressure
11

12. GSWA Harvey 1

13. Preparation Phase 2010 – 2012
Pre-Competitive
• Further technical investigation of the
Lesueur;
• Commenced a community & stakeholder
consultation process
• Establishment of necessary legislative
measures, approvals and easements; and
• Development of the proposed commercial
structure and arrangements to facilitate the
development.

14. Groundwater Analysis
• The main Perth domestic water supply
aquifer is the Yarragadee Formation.
• The area chosen is on a structural high
where the Yarragadee has been eroded off.
• Main water supply from irrigation and
superficial formations.
• The Cockleshell Gully Fm is saline
• The Leederville Fm mainly saline.
• Lesueur Sst is a confined saline aquifer

15. This
section
eroded
off

16. New Seismic: note unconformity

17. COLLIE HUB AND WATER
Primary aim is not to isolate potential
groundwater sources either above or
below the injection depth
• How will we ensure aquifers above
injection zone are protected?
• How will CO2 injection alter the water
chemistry and rock chemistry?

18. Upper Aquifers
• Leederville Fm – 1.5km above injection formation
• Eneabba Fm consists of siltstones, mudstones and
other “barrier” formations – need more data to prove
this up in the area.
• Need to set up monitoring regime with tracers,
monitoring bores etc
• Refine modelling with new data from seismic and
GSWA Harvey 1 well.

19. Water Chemistry
• Sampling program
using MDT (Modular
formation Dynamics
Tester)
• Core geochemistry
XRD, SEM, Hylogger
analyses

20. Conclusions
• Collie Hub Project aware of resource conflict
issues generally and groundwater
specifically
• Already taken steps to avoid Perth’s main
groundwater source, the Yarragadee Fm
• Data paucity means more acquisition
necessary
• Planning team for future work includes DoW
• Monitoring essential

21. Thank you