1. PRESENTATION ON
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
SUBMITTED BY:
RUPJYOTI KALITA
M.PHARM 2ND SEMESTER
ROLL NO – 10

2. 1.BASIC INTRODUCTION
2.CHARACTERISTICS OF MAb
3.STRUCTURE OF MAb
4.ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
5.METHOD OF PRODUCTION
6.APPLICATION
7.LIST OF MARKETED PRODUCT
8.CONCLUSION
9.REFERENCES
CONTENT

3. Monoclonal antibodies are specific antibodies produced
in large quantities using genetic engineering techniques,
by fusing B-cells derived from a single B-cell with a
tumour cell .These cultures of b cells are called
monoclonal as they are derived from a single cell. These
cells are used to harvest single kind of antibodies called
as monoclonal antibodies.
INTRODUCTION

4.  Monoclonal antibodies are single of antibody that are
identical and directed against a specific epitope.
 These are produced by B-cell clones of single parent or a
single hybridoma cell line.
 A hybridoma cell line is produced by a fusion of B-cell and
myeloma cell.
 These are specific in nature.
 Some myeloma cells are synthesis by naturally.
CHARACTERISTICS

5. STRUCTURE OF MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODY

6.  Homogenecity
 Specificity
 Immunizing agent
 Selection
 Antibody production
ADVANTAGES

7.  Affinity
 Effector function
 Specificity
 Cross reaction
 Time and effort commitment
DISADVANTAGES

8. ANTIBODIES
POLYCLONAL MONOCLONAL
Derived from different Derived from a single
B-lymphocyte cell lines. B cell clone.
Batch to batch variation No batch to batch
affecting Ab reactivity variation.
&treatment
• Not powerful tools for Enable the developme
clinical diagnostic -nt of secure immuno
tests. -asay system

9. METHOD
OF
PRODUCTION

12. Immunization of mice
Cell fusion and culture
Formation and selection of hybrid cells
Screening of mAbs products
Cloning and propagation
Harvesting, Characterization and storage.

13. 1. IN CANCER
APPLICATION
 Radio immunotherapy (RIT) involves the use of radioactively
conjugated murine antibodies against cellular antigens. Most research
currently involved their application to lymphomas, as these are highly
radiosensitive malignancies.
 Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) involves the
application of cancer associated monoclonal antibodies which are linked
to a drug-activating enzyme. Subsequent systemic administration of a
non-toxic agent results in its conversion to a toxic drug, and resulting in a
cytotoxic effect which can be targeted at malignant cells.
 Immunoliposomes are antibody conjugated liposomes. Liposomes can
carry drugs or therapeutic nucleotides and when conjugated with
monoclonal antibodies, may be directed against malignant cell.

14. 2. Immunosuppression: Normally, tissue and bone marrow transplants are
rejected which is mediated primarily by the T-cells in order to prevent
the rejection. T-cells present in the circulatory system of the recipient
are eliminated before transplanting the organ by using
immunosuppressive drugs which include cyclosporine and some steroids
these drugs suppress all aspects of the immune system thus making the
patient susceptible to all kinds of infectious diseases.
3. Auto immune diseases: Autoimmune diseases caused by the attack of
immune system on the tissues of the body include myasthenia gravis and
multiple sclerosis. Investigations are being done to develop monoclonal
antibodies against these immune cells that activate immune responses
to treat autoimmune conditions.
4. Malignancies: Monoclonal antibodies are man-made versions of
immune system proteins. Antibodies can be very useful in treating
cancer because they can be designed to attack a very specific part of a
cancer cell.
5. Antiplatetherapy: Abciximab was the first antagonist to be evaluated. It
inhibits the clumping of platelets by binding to surface receptors that
normally are linked by fibrinogen .It is helpful in preventing the
reclogging of the coronary artery.

17. MAbs represent an important advance in the treatment
of certain hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
Unlike many small molecules, mAbs offer unique target
specificity. MAbs are highly specific Abs produced by a
clone of single hybrid cells formed by fusion of B cell
with the tumor cell. MAbs can be produced in vitro and
In vivo. Animals are utilized to produce MAbs, but these
antibodies are associated with immunogenicity and
ethical problems. Recombinant DNA technology, genetic
engineering and transgenic animals are used to produce
humanized MAbs or pure human MAbs, with fewer
ADRs Used for treatment of cancer, autoimmune
disorders, graft rejections, infections, asthma.
CONCLUSION

18. 1. Bretton, PR, Melamed, MR, Fair, WR, Cote, RJ Detection of
occult micrometastases in the bone marrow of patients
with prostate carcinoma. Prostate. 1994, 25(2), 108-14.
2. S. Pandey, ”Hybridoma techniques for production of
monoclonal antibody” International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, Volume 1,
Issue 2, March – April 2010; Article 017.
3. Smith BT. Introduction to Diagnostic and Therapeutic. Univ
New Mex Heal Sci Cent, 2012; 17(0039): 1–34.
4. Ribatti D. From the discovery of monoclonal antibodies to
their therapeutic application: An historical reappraisal,
Immunol Letters,2014; 161(1): 96–99.
REFERENCE

19. 5. B.Akerstrom, T. Brodin, K. Reis, L. Bjorck. 1985. Protein G: A
powerful tool for binding and detection of monoclonal and
polyclonal antibodies. J Immunol, 2015;135:2589-2592.
6. P. Suchitra Devi, “A Review on Monoclonal Antibodies”, Journal
of Innovation in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018;2(1): 27-32..