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“RECENT TRENDS
        IN
   AUTOMOBILES”

          By
Ninad Babarao Ghormade

              Guided by
      Prof. A.R.Sonekar
(Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering Department)


   P.R. PATIL INSTITUTE OF
POLYTHECNIC & TECHNOLOGY,
          AMRAVATI.
A STUDY CYCLE OF AUTOMOBILE…
   A




                       FUTURE




             PRESENT




                            PAST

 4/19/2013
4/19/2013
PAST…
 Cylinders : 3or4 - Cylinder

 Cycle       : Two-stroke cycle

               Four-stroke cycle

               Diesel cycle

 Fuel        : Petrol or Diesel

 Energy efficiency: 37%

 Ignition :Spark or by Compression




  4/19/2013
4/19/2013
We Have…
Super -Charged Engine & Turbo-Charged Engine
 Cylinders : 4 or 6 or 8 - Cylinder
 Cycle     : Two-stroke cycle
              Four-stroke cycle
              Diesel cycle
 Fuel      : Petrol or Diesel,
              Petroleum gas ,
              Compressed natural gas,
              Jet fuel (aviation fuel) ,
              Residual fuel,
              Coal,
              Biofuels and vegoils.

 Energy efficiency: Super -Charged Engine :70%
               Turbo-Charged Engine:56% to 61%

 Ignition : MPFI System,
             Mechanically timed ignition,
             Electronic ignition
             Digital electronic ignitions
   4/19/2013
4/19/2013
PAST…




            MATERIAL USED FOR VEHICALS :
            •IN 1970,s a lot of Stamped metal, more Vinyl
            for interiors, Molded plastics, and Laminated
            Plastics will tempered glass for windshields.

            •In 2009, a lot of Molded plastics inside and
            out, a lot of very Thin Steel, laminated
            windshields, Tupper ware bumpers ,etc, and
            Aluminum

4/19/2013
             HEAVY MATERIAL
4/19/2013
WE HAVE…


                MATERIAL USED FOR VEHICALS :
                Aluminum - for car bodies + wheel hubs.
                Iron/steel - for car bodies.
                Copper - for electrical wires.
                Lead - for lead-acid batteries.
                Plastic - for dials, dashboards + bumpers.
                PVC- for metal wirings.
                Glass + plastic - for windscreens.
                Leather - for seats.

4/19/2013
            VERY LIGHT MATERIAL
4/19/2013
PAST…

     RACK AND PINION STEERING SYSTEM
                       TURNING RADIUS: VERY LARGE




 4/19/2013
4/19/2013
WE HAVE…
HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING



                             TURNING RADIUS: VERY SMALL




                           ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING




   4/19/2013
4/19/2013
PAST…
             VERY HARD BRAKE
               NO OTHER ARREGMENT FOR SAFTY




 4/19/2013
4/19/2013
WE HAVE…                                         DISC BRAKE


PNEUMATIC BRAKE




                            HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEM




   4/19/2013
ELECTRONIC-BRAKING SYSTEM
OTHER SAFTY ARREGMENTS:


                                            REAR SENSORS




 G-CON TECHNOLOGY




                               ABS SYSTEM
              AIR-BAG SYSTEM
 4/19/2013
SOME OTHER ASPECTS IN AUTOMOBILE…




 AC FOR COMFERT
                                    ALLOY RIMS FOR LOOK
TUBELESS TYRES




   4/19/2013
4/19/2013
WE HAVE…                      STEERING WHEEL FREE VEHICAL




0 0 TURNING RADIUS VEHICALS




 4/19/2013
CONCLUSION:

•Vehicle in the future will evolve to run cleaner and faster than ever .



•While more mainstream technologies like hybrid cars and hydrogen fuel

cells continue to push the edges of today’s car technology, all new

innovations will be introduced in the future, which also contribute to better

fuel economy, lower greenhouse gases and improved tailpipe emissions.




  4/19/2013
REFERANCESS:


•http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1350805/history

•http://mandieselturbo.com/files/news/filesof16119/tech_paper_low_speed.pdf

•http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290504/internal-combustion-engine

•http://auto.howstuffworks.com/supercharger.htm




    4/19/2013
4/19/2013
4/19/2013

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