SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 46
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Regular statement in statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.1  Explanation of Probability and Related Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eg.  If the incidence rates of influenza in classes A, B and C  are 60% , 50% and 40% then   Odds: To measure risk Odds ratio: To compare risks
2.1.3  Bayes ’  formula ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion: The risk of lung cancer for smoker is 5 times as much as that for ordinary people.
2.3 Binomial Distribution P ( white ball)=0.8 P (  yellow ball )=0.2 
In general, if : the  probability  of an event appearing in a trial  n   : times of  independently repeated  trials X   : random variable,  total times  of appearing such an event, then the probability of  X = x This variable X is called a  binomial variable , or say X following a  binomial distribution , denoted as  Why is it called Binomial? See following expansion:
2.3.2  Plot of Binomial Distribution
2.3.3  Population mean and population variance
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.4  Poisson Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
It can be proved,  When  n ->∞, the  will tend to In general,  if the probability function of a random variable  X   has the above shape ,  then we say that this variable follows a  Poisson distribution  with parameter  ,  denoted by   .
Example : Red cell count on glass slide. Since   Divide the  glass slide   into  n  small grids  ----  big  n  , 0 or 1 ; P  (a red cell) =     ----  small probability ; With or without a cell  ----  independent ;  Therefore,   Number of cells ~ Poisson distribution
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.4.2 Plot of probability function , positive skew;  , approximately symmetric
Property of Poisson Distribution   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],However
Example :   Five samples taken from a river , the number of colibacillus ( 大肠杆菌 )  were counted ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.5  Normal Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
μ 1 μ 2 μ 3 Two parameters:  population mean  population variance Normal distribution denoted by
Standard normal distribution   ,  ,  To any normal variable  , after a transformation of standardization Z is called with  standardized normal deviate or  Z-value ,   or  Z-score
2.5.2  Area under the normal probability density curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],z 0
[object Object],Corresponding to 1.96,  the area of one tail is 0.025,  the area of two tails is 0.025   2 =   0.05
[object Object],Corresponding to 2.58,  the area of one tail is 0.005,  the area of two tails is 0.010  -2.58 Φ(-2.58)=0.005
 
Critical value  : Two sided critical value : One sided critical value
Distribution of  X 1 + X 2   still follow a normal distribution When  X 1  and  X 2  are independent,
2.5.3  Determination    of a reference range ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Example  Based on the hemoglobin data of  120  healthy females ,  ,  ; and the histogram shows it  approximately follows a normal distribution.  Please estimate the two-sided 95% reference range for females.
Caution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.5.4  Normal approximation of binomial distribution and Poisson distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Example  The infectious rate of hookworm( 钩虫 ) is  13% , if randomly select  150  people , what is the probability that  at  least  20   of them being infected ? The probability that at  least   20  of them being infected is 50% 。   Area of the rectangles on
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],5. Web resources http://statpages.org/
[object Object]
 

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Probability distribution
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Probability distributionRohit kumar
 
Probability 4.2
Probability 4.2Probability 4.2
Probability 4.2herbison
 
The binomial distributions
The binomial distributionsThe binomial distributions
The binomial distributionsmaamir farooq
 
Discrete distributions: Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributions
Discrete distributions:  Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributionsDiscrete distributions:  Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributions
Discrete distributions: Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributionsScholarsPoint1
 
Probability distribution
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Probability distributionManoj Bhambu
 
Binomial probability distribution
Binomial probability distributionBinomial probability distribution
Binomial probability distributionNadeem Uddin
 
Binomial distribution
Binomial distributionBinomial distribution
Binomial distributionSonamWadhwa3
 
Probability distribution
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Probability distributionRanjan Kumar
 
Binomial distribution
Binomial distributionBinomial distribution
Binomial distributionSaradha Shyam
 
Binomial and Poission Probablity distribution
Binomial and Poission Probablity distributionBinomial and Poission Probablity distribution
Binomial and Poission Probablity distributionPrateek Singla
 
Notes Day 6: Bernoulli Trials
Notes Day 6: Bernoulli TrialsNotes Day 6: Bernoulli Trials
Notes Day 6: Bernoulli TrialsKate Nowak
 
Chapter 7 Powerpoint
Chapter 7 PowerpointChapter 7 Powerpoint
Chapter 7 PowerpointZIADALRIFAI
 
Normal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution
Normal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson DistributionNormal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution
Normal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson DistributionQ Dauh Q Alam
 
Bba 3274 qm week 3 probability distribution
Bba 3274 qm week 3 probability distributionBba 3274 qm week 3 probability distribution
Bba 3274 qm week 3 probability distributionStephen Ong
 
Binomial and Poisson Distribution
Binomial and Poisson  DistributionBinomial and Poisson  Distribution
Binomial and Poisson DistributionSundar B N
 
Probability 4.1
Probability 4.1Probability 4.1
Probability 4.1herbison
 

Mais procurados (20)

Probability distribution
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Probability distribution
 
Probability 4.2
Probability 4.2Probability 4.2
Probability 4.2
 
Probability Distribution
Probability DistributionProbability Distribution
Probability Distribution
 
The binomial distributions
The binomial distributionsThe binomial distributions
The binomial distributions
 
Discrete distributions: Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributions
Discrete distributions:  Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributionsDiscrete distributions:  Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributions
Discrete distributions: Binomial, Poisson & Hypergeometric distributions
 
Binomia ex 2
Binomia ex 2Binomia ex 2
Binomia ex 2
 
Probability distribution
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Probability distribution
 
Binomial probability distribution
Binomial probability distributionBinomial probability distribution
Binomial probability distribution
 
Binomial distribution
Binomial distributionBinomial distribution
Binomial distribution
 
1630 the binomial distribution
1630 the binomial distribution1630 the binomial distribution
1630 the binomial distribution
 
Probability distribution
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Probability distribution
 
Binomial distribution
Binomial distributionBinomial distribution
Binomial distribution
 
Binomial and Poission Probablity distribution
Binomial and Poission Probablity distributionBinomial and Poission Probablity distribution
Binomial and Poission Probablity distribution
 
Binomial probability distributions
Binomial probability distributions  Binomial probability distributions
Binomial probability distributions
 
Notes Day 6: Bernoulli Trials
Notes Day 6: Bernoulli TrialsNotes Day 6: Bernoulli Trials
Notes Day 6: Bernoulli Trials
 
Chapter 7 Powerpoint
Chapter 7 PowerpointChapter 7 Powerpoint
Chapter 7 Powerpoint
 
Normal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution
Normal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson DistributionNormal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution
Normal Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution
 
Bba 3274 qm week 3 probability distribution
Bba 3274 qm week 3 probability distributionBba 3274 qm week 3 probability distribution
Bba 3274 qm week 3 probability distribution
 
Binomial and Poisson Distribution
Binomial and Poisson  DistributionBinomial and Poisson  Distribution
Binomial and Poisson Distribution
 
Probability 4.1
Probability 4.1Probability 4.1
Probability 4.1
 

Semelhante a Chapter 2 Probabilty And Distribution

Different types of distributions
Different types of distributionsDifferent types of distributions
Different types of distributionsRajaKrishnan M
 
Chi square(hospital admin) A
Chi square(hospital admin) AChi square(hospital admin) A
Chi square(hospital admin) AMmedsc Hahm
 
Health probabilities & estimation of parameters
Health probabilities & estimation of parameters Health probabilities & estimation of parameters
Health probabilities & estimation of parameters KwambokaLeonidah
 
Testing hypothesis
Testing hypothesisTesting hypothesis
Testing hypothesisAmit Sharma
 
RSS probability theory
RSS probability theoryRSS probability theory
RSS probability theoryKaimrc_Rss_Jd
 
PG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability Distribution
PG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability DistributionPG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability Distribution
PG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability DistributionAashish Patel
 
4 1 probability and discrete probability distributions
4 1 probability and discrete    probability distributions4 1 probability and discrete    probability distributions
4 1 probability and discrete probability distributionsLama K Banna
 
Lecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptx
Lecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptxLecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptx
Lecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptxshakirRahman10
 
Probability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptx
Probability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptxProbability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptx
Probability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptxYIKIISAAC
 
How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...
How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...
How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...Umair Raza
 
PG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z Test
PG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z TestPG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z Test
PG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z TestAashish Patel
 
Statistik Chapter 5 (1)
Statistik Chapter 5 (1)Statistik Chapter 5 (1)
Statistik Chapter 5 (1)WanBK Leo
 
U1.4-RVDistributions.ppt
U1.4-RVDistributions.pptU1.4-RVDistributions.ppt
U1.4-RVDistributions.pptSameeraasif2
 
2014 lab slides_mo_a
2014 lab slides_mo_a2014 lab slides_mo_a
2014 lab slides_mo_aA M
 

Semelhante a Chapter 2 Probabilty And Distribution (20)

Statistical analysis by iswar
Statistical analysis by iswarStatistical analysis by iswar
Statistical analysis by iswar
 
Different types of distributions
Different types of distributionsDifferent types of distributions
Different types of distributions
 
Chi square(hospital admin) A
Chi square(hospital admin) AChi square(hospital admin) A
Chi square(hospital admin) A
 
Health probabilities & estimation of parameters
Health probabilities & estimation of parameters Health probabilities & estimation of parameters
Health probabilities & estimation of parameters
 
Testing hypothesis
Testing hypothesisTesting hypothesis
Testing hypothesis
 
RSS probability theory
RSS probability theoryRSS probability theory
RSS probability theory
 
PG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability Distribution
PG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability DistributionPG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability Distribution
PG STAT 531 Lecture 5 Probability Distribution
 
4 1 probability and discrete probability distributions
4 1 probability and discrete    probability distributions4 1 probability and discrete    probability distributions
4 1 probability and discrete probability distributions
 
Testing of hypothesis
Testing of hypothesisTesting of hypothesis
Testing of hypothesis
 
Lecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptx
Lecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptxLecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptx
Lecture 5 Sampling distribution of sample mean.pptx
 
Probability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptx
Probability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptxProbability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptx
Probability distributions FOR SHARING 2024.pptx
 
How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...
How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...
How normal distribution is used in heights, blood pressure, measurement error...
 
PG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z Test
PG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z TestPG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z Test
PG STAT 531 Lecture 6 Test of Significance, z Test
 
Biostatistics
BiostatisticsBiostatistics
Biostatistics
 
Discrete PDs(1).pdf
Discrete PDs(1).pdfDiscrete PDs(1).pdf
Discrete PDs(1).pdf
 
Statistik Chapter 5 (1)
Statistik Chapter 5 (1)Statistik Chapter 5 (1)
Statistik Chapter 5 (1)
 
Statistics78 (2)
Statistics78 (2)Statistics78 (2)
Statistics78 (2)
 
U1.4-RVDistributions.ppt
U1.4-RVDistributions.pptU1.4-RVDistributions.ppt
U1.4-RVDistributions.ppt
 
2014 lab slides_mo_a
2014 lab slides_mo_a2014 lab slides_mo_a
2014 lab slides_mo_a
 
Biostatistics ii4june
Biostatistics ii4juneBiostatistics ii4june
Biostatistics ii4june
 

Mais de ghalan

Ct & mri of central nervous system
Ct & mri of central nervous systemCt & mri of central nervous system
Ct & mri of central nervous systemghalan
 
Central nervous system
Central nervous systemCentral nervous system
Central nervous systemghalan
 
Introduction skeletal radiology(11月20.)
Introduction   skeletal radiology(11月20.)Introduction   skeletal radiology(11月20.)
Introduction skeletal radiology(11月20.)ghalan
 
Radiology of digestive system
Radiology of digestive systemRadiology of digestive system
Radiology of digestive systemghalan
 
Liver,bile duct,pancreas and spleen
Liver,bile duct,pancreas and spleenLiver,bile duct,pancreas and spleen
Liver,bile duct,pancreas and spleenghalan
 
14 Valvular Heart Disease
14 Valvular Heart Disease14 Valvular Heart Disease
14 Valvular Heart Diseaseghalan
 
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feedingghalan
 
4 Congenital Heart Disease
4 Congenital Heart Disease4 Congenital Heart Disease
4 Congenital Heart Diseaseghalan
 
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feedingghalan
 
12 Tuberculosis Tanweiping
12 Tuberculosis Tanweiping12 Tuberculosis Tanweiping
12 Tuberculosis Tanweipingghalan
 
6 Neonatal Septicemia
6 Neonatal   Septicemia6 Neonatal   Septicemia
6 Neonatal Septicemiaghalan
 
23 Ppt Itp
23 Ppt Itp23 Ppt Itp
23 Ppt Itpghalan
 
22 Purulent Meningitis
22 Purulent Meningitis22 Purulent Meningitis
22 Purulent Meningitisghalan
 
19 Acute Glomerulonephritis
19 Acute Glomerulonephritis19 Acute Glomerulonephritis
19 Acute Glomerulonephritisghalan
 
18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiency
18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiency18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiency
18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiencyghalan
 
16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tract
16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tract16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tract
16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tractghalan
 
15 Genetic Diseases
15 Genetic Diseases15 Genetic Diseases
15 Genetic Diseasesghalan
 
14 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
14 Primary Immunodeficiency  Diseases14 Primary Immunodeficiency  Diseases
14 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseasesghalan
 
13 Fluid Therapy
13 Fluid Therapy13 Fluid Therapy
13 Fluid Therapyghalan
 
11 Measles
11 Measles11 Measles
11 Measlesghalan
 

Mais de ghalan (20)

Ct & mri of central nervous system
Ct & mri of central nervous systemCt & mri of central nervous system
Ct & mri of central nervous system
 
Central nervous system
Central nervous systemCentral nervous system
Central nervous system
 
Introduction skeletal radiology(11月20.)
Introduction   skeletal radiology(11月20.)Introduction   skeletal radiology(11月20.)
Introduction skeletal radiology(11月20.)
 
Radiology of digestive system
Radiology of digestive systemRadiology of digestive system
Radiology of digestive system
 
Liver,bile duct,pancreas and spleen
Liver,bile duct,pancreas and spleenLiver,bile duct,pancreas and spleen
Liver,bile duct,pancreas and spleen
 
14 Valvular Heart Disease
14 Valvular Heart Disease14 Valvular Heart Disease
14 Valvular Heart Disease
 
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feeding
 
4 Congenital Heart Disease
4 Congenital Heart Disease4 Congenital Heart Disease
4 Congenital Heart Disease
 
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding2 Primary Of Child Care  And Infant Feeding
2 Primary Of Child Care And Infant Feeding
 
12 Tuberculosis Tanweiping
12 Tuberculosis Tanweiping12 Tuberculosis Tanweiping
12 Tuberculosis Tanweiping
 
6 Neonatal Septicemia
6 Neonatal   Septicemia6 Neonatal   Septicemia
6 Neonatal Septicemia
 
23 Ppt Itp
23 Ppt Itp23 Ppt Itp
23 Ppt Itp
 
22 Purulent Meningitis
22 Purulent Meningitis22 Purulent Meningitis
22 Purulent Meningitis
 
19 Acute Glomerulonephritis
19 Acute Glomerulonephritis19 Acute Glomerulonephritis
19 Acute Glomerulonephritis
 
18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiency
18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiency18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiency
18 Rickets Of Vitamin D Deficiency,Tetany Of Vitamin D Deficiency
 
16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tract
16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tract16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tract
16 Infections Of The Respiratory Tract
 
15 Genetic Diseases
15 Genetic Diseases15 Genetic Diseases
15 Genetic Diseases
 
14 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
14 Primary Immunodeficiency  Diseases14 Primary Immunodeficiency  Diseases
14 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
 
13 Fluid Therapy
13 Fluid Therapy13 Fluid Therapy
13 Fluid Therapy
 
11 Measles
11 Measles11 Measles
11 Measles
 

Último

World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptxWorld-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptxsumanchaulagain3
 
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)kishan singh tomar
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.kishan singh tomar
 
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024EwoutSteyerberg1
 
concept of total quality management (TQM).
concept of total quality management (TQM).concept of total quality management (TQM).
concept of total quality management (TQM).kishan singh tomar
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.pptRamDBawankar1
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyZurück zum Ursprung
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisPhysiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisNilofarRasheed1
 
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...Shubhanshu Gaurav
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxMAsifAhmad
 
Microbiology lecture presentation-1.pptx
Microbiology lecture presentation-1.pptxMicrobiology lecture presentation-1.pptx
Microbiology lecture presentation-1.pptxkitati1
 
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismuspower point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismusChandrasekar Reddy
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu Medical University
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.aarjukhadka22
 
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptx
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptxGood Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptx
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptxLikeways
 
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung functionEXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung functionkrishnareddy157915
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationMedicoseAcademics
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
 

Último (20)

World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptxWorld-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
 
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
 
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
 
concept of total quality management (TQM).
concept of total quality management (TQM).concept of total quality management (TQM).
concept of total quality management (TQM).
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
 
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisPhysiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
 
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
 
Microbiology lecture presentation-1.pptx
Microbiology lecture presentation-1.pptxMicrobiology lecture presentation-1.pptx
Microbiology lecture presentation-1.pptx
 
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismuspower point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
 
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptx
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptxGood Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptx
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Pharma-LikeWays.pptx
 
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung functionEXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
 
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptxCone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
 

Chapter 2 Probabilty And Distribution

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Eg. If the incidence rates of influenza in classes A, B and C are 60% , 50% and 40% then Odds: To measure risk Odds ratio: To compare risks
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Conclusion: The risk of lung cancer for smoker is 5 times as much as that for ordinary people.
  • 11. 2.3 Binomial Distribution P ( white ball)=0.8 P ( yellow ball )=0.2 
  • 12. In general, if : the probability of an event appearing in a trial n : times of independently repeated trials X : random variable, total times of appearing such an event, then the probability of X = x This variable X is called a binomial variable , or say X following a binomial distribution , denoted as Why is it called Binomial? See following expansion:
  • 13. 2.3.2 Plot of Binomial Distribution
  • 14. 2.3.3 Population mean and population variance
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. It can be proved, When n ->∞, the will tend to In general, if the probability function of a random variable X has the above shape , then we say that this variable follows a Poisson distribution with parameter , denoted by .
  • 18. Example : Red cell count on glass slide. Since Divide the glass slide into n small grids ---- big n , 0 or 1 ; P (a red cell) =  ---- small probability ; With or without a cell ---- independent ; Therefore, Number of cells ~ Poisson distribution
  • 19.
  • 20. 2.4.2 Plot of probability function , positive skew; , approximately symmetric
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. μ 1 μ 2 μ 3 Two parameters: population mean population variance Normal distribution denoted by
  • 26. Standard normal distribution , , To any normal variable , after a transformation of standardization Z is called with standardized normal deviate or Z-value , or Z-score
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.  
  • 31. Critical value : Two sided critical value : One sided critical value
  • 32. Distribution of X 1 + X 2 still follow a normal distribution When X 1 and X 2 are independent,
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. Example Based on the hemoglobin data of 120 healthy females , , ; and the histogram shows it approximately follows a normal distribution. Please estimate the two-sided 95% reference range for females.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.  
  • 39.  
  • 40. Example The infectious rate of hookworm( 钩虫 ) is 13% , if randomly select 150 people , what is the probability that at least 20 of them being infected ? The probability that at least 20 of them being infected is 50% 。 Area of the rectangles on
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.