fase 2 texto paralelo ingles I

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Seventh Week:Telling Time
Topic No. 7.1 The Time
Say the minutes first and then the hours. Use “past” and the preceding hour for minutes 01
through 30. Use “to” and the forthcoming hour for minutes 31 through 59.
Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven
Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to
Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past
Example: 5:30 - half past five
Watch
Use o'clock only at the full hour.
Example: 7:00 - seven o'clock (but 7:10 - ten past seven)
In English ordinary speech, the twelve-hour clock is used.
Example: 17:20 - twenty past five
For times around midnight or midday you can use the expressions midnight or midday /
noon instead of the number 12.

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Example: 00:00 - midnight
12:00 - midday or noon
To make clear (where necessary) whether you mean a time before 12 o'clock noon or after,
you can use in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night. Use in the morning
before 12 o'clock noon, after 12 o'clock noon use in the afternoon. When to change from
afternoon to evening, from evening to night and from night to morning depends on your
sense of time.
Example: 3:15 - a quarter past three in the morning OR a quarter past three at night
More formal expressions to indicate whether a time is before noon or after are a.m. (also:
am - ante meridiem, before noon) and p.m. (also: pm - post meridiem, after noon). Use
these expressions only with the formal way of telling the time.
Example: 3:15 - three fifteen a.m.
It is not usual to use a.m. and p.m. with past/to.
Example: 3:15 - fifteen minutes past three OR a quarter past three
American English
Beside past Americans often use after.
Example: 06:10 - ten past/after six
But: in time expressions with half past it is not usual to replace past by after.
Beside to Americans often use before, of or till.
Example: 05:50 - ten to/before/of/till six
Exercise No. 11 Write the time:

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Eighth Week:Directions
Topic No. 8.1
Prepositions ofDirection
Prepositions of direction give readers a sense of place or location.

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The Basic Structure
Subject + base verb + Preposition + Complement
This structure can change depending on the idea we want to construct, but we can used it as
a general layout; always follow a preposition with a complement. The following chart lists
different prepositions of direction, their definitions, and examples.
Preposition Spanish Translation Example
above Encima The milk is above the soda in the refrigerator.
across Al otro lado My friend lives across the street from me.
along A lo largo The ducks are eating along the river.
among Entre The girl was sitting among her friends.
around Alrededor They told stories around the campfire.
at A Meet me at the stop sign.
behind Detrás The employees parked behind the store.
below Abajo I hung the poster below the mirror.
beside Junto a Come stand beside me.
close to Cerca The flowers are close to the produce section.

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over Encima The spices are over the sink.
through A través de The river runs through the woods.
toward Hacia The man started walking toward the exit.
up Arriba The store is right up the road.
down Abajo The boy tumbled down the hill.
between En medio de The ring fell between the couch cushions.
by Por The thrift store is by the church.
inside/in Dentro de
Have you ever been inside an abandoned
building?
near Cerca The movie theater is near the interstate.
next to Cerca de The library is next to the post office.
on En Put the mail on the table.
onto Sobre The dog climbed onto the bed.
off Afuera de Don’t jump off that wall.

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past Pasado de She drove right past the house.
under Debajo The cat slept under the bed.
Some prepositions are trickier than others. For example, it’s not so logical to be on a bus or
a train or a plane rather than in one, yet that’s the way we say it. While you are on the plane
(i.e., inside the plane), there is also a logo on the plane, and two wings on the plane, though
they’re not inside with you. When in doubt about how to use a specific preposition, look up
the proper term in a dictionary or ask your teacher.
Exercise No. 12: Fill in the spaces with the proper preposition.
 New York is the largest city ____ the United States.
o on
o at
o into
o in
 The train is ____ the station.
o on
o at
o to
o by
 Her birthday is _____ the 1st _____ January.
o in, of
o on, in
o on, of
o at, in
 We will arrive ____ 15 minutes.
o at
o to
o on

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o in
 The shop is ____ the bank and the supermarket.
o on
o between
o at
o behind
 The page number is ____ the top of the page.
o above
o on
o at
o in
 They lived _____ China _____ three years.
o at, for
o in, for
o on, during
o in, during
 I will see you ____ the morning.
o in
o on
o for
o at
 What did Jenny say ____?
o towards you
o by you
o to you
o you
 The dog jumped ____ the wall.
o across
o in
o through
o over

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Topic No. 8.2
Vocabulary of places
abbey Abadía
airport Aeropuerto
amusement park parque de atracciones
art gallery galería de arte
baker's, bakery Panadería
bank Banco
bar Bar
barber's shop peluquería (de caballeros)
beauty parlor salón de belleza
bookshop (GB) Librería
bookstore (US) Librería
bus station estación de autobús
butcher's Carnicería
Café Cafetería
canteen Cantina
casino Casino
castle Castillo
cathedral Cathedral
chemist's (GB) Farmacia
church Iglesia
cinema Cine
convent Convento
court juzgado, tribunal
dairy Lechería
delicatessen Charcutería
department store grandes almacenes
disco Discoteca
drugstore (US) Farmacia

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fire station departamento de bomberos
fish shop (US) Pescadería
fishmonger's (GB) Pescadería
garage taller mecánico
gas station (US) estación de servicio
Gym Gimnasio
factory Fábrica
fast food restaurant restaurante de comida rápida
hairdresser's peluquería (de mujeres)
hospital Hospital
hotel Hotel
Jail Cárcel
launderette (GB) lavandería automática
Laundromat (US) lavandería automática
library Biblioteca
market Mercado
mosque Mezquita
museum Museo
newsagent's (GB) kiosco de periódicos
newsstand (US) kiosco de periódicos
office Oficina
Park Parque
pet shop tienda de mascotas
petrol station (GB) estación de servicio
pharmacy Farmacia
police station Comisaría
post office oficina de correos
prison cárcel, prisión
Pub Pub
railway station estación de ferrocarril

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record shop tienda de discos
restaurant Restaurante
school Escuela
sports centre Polideportivo
square Plaza
subway station (US) estación de subterráneo / metro
supermarket Supermercado
synagogue Sinagoga
train station estación de tren
underground station (GB) estación de subterráneo / metro
university Universidad
video store tienda de video
Zoo Zoológico
house Casa
detached house (GB) casa independiente, separada
terraced house (GB) hilera de casas adosadas
flat (GB) Departamento
apartment (US) Departamento
high-rise flat Rascacielo
skyscraper Rascacielo
bungalow Bungalow
cottage casa de campo
Ninth Week:Countable and uncountable nouns
Topic No. 9
Rules for countable and uncountable nouns
It's important to distinguish between countable and uncountable nouns in English because
their usage is different in regard to both determiners and verbs.

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Countable nouns
Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a
plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want to ask about
the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural
countable noun.
Singular Plural
one dog two dogs
one horse two horses
one man two men
one idea two ideas
one shop two shops
Examples
o She has three dogs.
o I own a house.
o I would like two books please.
o How many friends do you have?
Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the
names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too
amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a
singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form.
Examples
tea sugar water
air rice knowledge
beauty anger fear
love money research
safety evidence
We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a
word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of, or else use an exact
measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of, an hour of, a
day of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How
much?"
Measure Words with Uncountable Nouns

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This list shows some common measure words like "a bar of" or "a piece of" that we use to
"measure" uncountable nouns.
1. a bag of flour | rice | gold dust
2. a bar of chocolate | gold | soap
3. a bottle of Coke | milk | water | wine
4. a bowl of cereal | rice | soup
5. a box of cereal | paper
6. a can of cream | meat | tuna
7. a carton of ice-cream | orange juice | milk
8. a cup of hot chocolate | coffee | tea
9. a drop of blood | oil | water
10. a glass of beer | juice | water | wine
11. a grain of rice | sand | truth
12. an item of clothing | expenditure | news
13. a jar of honey | jam | peanut butter
14. a piece of advice | furniture | paper
15. a roll of paper | tape | toilet paper | Scotch tape
16. a slice of bread | cheese | meat | toast
17. a spoonful of sugar | syrup | whisky
18. a tablespoon of butter | honey | ketchup
19. a teaspoon of cinnamon | medicine | salt
20. a tube of glue | lipstick | toothpaste
Examples
o There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
o He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
o Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
o He did not have much sugar left.
o Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
o How much rice do you want?

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Exercise No. 13: Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or uncountable (U)
1. The children are playing in the garden.
2. I don't like milk.
3. I prefer tea.
4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution.
5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes.
6. There are a lot of windows in our classroom.
7. We need some glue to fix this vase.
8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional.
9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning.
10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious.
11. Drivers must be careful; the road is slippery.
12. Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any accidents.
13. I bought three bottles of mineral water for our picnic.
14. I'd like some juice please!
15. Successful candidates will join the camp later this year.
16. A rise in oil prices is inevitable since there is more and more world demand for
energy.
17. The exercises on this website are interesting.
18. Dehydrated babies must drink a lot of water.
19. Adult illiterates learn through a special government program.
20. I met some nice people when I was walking along the beach.
Tenth Week:Quantifiers
Topic No. 10 Used of Some, Any, Many and Much.
The quantifiers indicate the amount of “something” we need, they answer to the question
"How many?". In the same way as articles, quantifiers are always located before the object.
There are several types: some, any, much, many, A lot of, Lots of, ...

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Some and Any
The words some and any are used for countable and uncountable nouns. In general, we
could say that some means a few / a little and any means none in negative clauses or a few /
a little in questions.
Positive Clauses - In positive clauses, we usually use some.
Example:
I have bought some bread.
I have bought some apples.
Negative Clauses - In negative clauses, we use any. Note, however, that any alone is not a
negative - it must be not ... any
Example:
I have not bought any bread.
I have not bought any apples.
Questions - In questions, we usually use any.
Example:
Have you bought any bread?
Have you bought any apples?
Compound Words with some & any
Some & any can also be part of compound words such as:
something / anything
someone / anyone
somewhere / anywhere
Note that some & any have to be used with a noun while compound words with some &
any can stand on their own.
Example:
I have bought some bread.
I have bought something.

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Exercise No. 14: Fill in the correct word (some or any).
1. I need a hammer and ____________________ nails.
2. He does not want ____________________ help.
3. There isn't ____________________ sheep in the garden.
4. Do you know ____________________ famous people?
5. They often invite ____________________ friends to their home.
6. Do you have ____________________ idea what they are doing there?
7. Charly doesn't have ____________________ pets.
8. My little brother already knows ____________________ words in English.
9. My mum doesn't speak ____________________ foreign languages.
10. I've got ____________________ sweets for you.
Much and Many
We use use much and many in questions and negative sentences. They both show an amount of
something.
Use 'Much' with uncountable nouns
We use much with singular nouns.
Question: "How much petrol is in the car?"
Negative clause: "We don't have much time left."
Use 'Many' with countable nouns
We use many with plural nouns

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Question: "How many people were at the meeting?"
Negative clause: "Not many of the students understood the lesson."
Use a 'A lot of' and 'Lots of' with both
Both mean a large amount. We use them with countable and uncountable nouns. A lot of is a little
more formal sounding than lots of.
Countable:
"A lot of people work here."
"Lots of people work here."
Uncountable:
"There was a lot of snow last night."
"There was lots of snow last night."