1. Capital letters
Capital letters are used at the
beginning of a sentence and
for proper nouns.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV
WXYZ
The dog ate a bone.
Perth, Tim, Monday

2. Full stops
Full stops are used at the end of
a sentence.

3. Sentence Rules:
Sentences must:
1. have a capital letter
2. have spaces between words
3. end with a full stop
4. make sense
5. be written neatly

4. Proper nouns
A proper noun is the name of a
person, place, building or date and
always starts with a capital letter.
• Mr John Smith
• Australia
• Kalamunda Christian School
• Monday

5. Common nouns
Common nouns are naming words of
things we can usually see.
• desk
• cloud _________
• paper
• kitten _________

6. Alphabetical order
Alphabetical order is when words are
sorted according to the alphabet.
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1______ 2______ 3_____

7. Articles
Articles are the “a” , “an” and “the”
words used before a noun.
• ”a” is used before nouns that start
with a consonant.
• “an” is used before nouns that
start with a vowel.

8. Articles
“a” = before a consonant
“an” = before a vowel
a ______ a ________
an ______ an _______

9. Singular
Singular means only one.
• cup
• a dog
• an apple
• the rabbit

10. plural
Plural means more than one.
• cows
• boxes
• cherries
• children

11. Pronouns
Pronouns are the little words that
take the place of nouns.
• I
• you (singular and plural)
• he
• she
• it
• they

12. Verbs
Verbs are doing words
that describe an action.
• to kick
• to jump
• to listen
• to walk

13. Conjugating Verbs
Conjugating verbs is when we
put a pronoun in front of a verb.
I kick
you kick
he kicks
she kicks
it kicks
they kick

14. 1st, 2nd and 3rd person
1st person singular = I
1st person plural = we
2nd person singular = you
2nd person plural = you
3rd person singular = he, she, it
3rd person plural = they

15. I
The pronoun “I” is always a
capital letter, no matter where
it is in a sentence.

16. Past tense of verbs
When we want to show the past tense of a
verb we can add /ed/.
talk + ed = talked
jump + ed = jumped
Sometimes, verbs will already have
an /e/ on the end, so we need to
take off the /e/ before we add /ed/.
smile + ed = smiled
wave + ed = waved

17. The Doubling Rule
When you add the suffix /ed/ to the end of a short
word with a short vowel, you have to make a wall
by doubling the final consonant so the bossy /e/
doesn’t make the short vowel go long.
hop + ed = hoped
hop + p + ed = hopped

18. Nouns
Nouns are naming words.
There are 3 types of nouns:
• common nouns
• proper nouns
• pronouns

19. Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns.
sad The man was sad.
carefully She put the glass down carefully.
nicely He spoke nicely to the
teacher.
long I have long hair.
quickly They worked quickly.
pink The pink pig gobbled her food.

20. www.kalamundacs.wa.edu.au
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