1. GS1 Standards and Oliot Open Source
Project for the Internet of Things
Daeyoung Kim
June 23, 2014
Director of Auto-ID Lab at KAIST
Professor, Computer Science Department, KAIST
kimd@kaist.ac.kr http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://autoidlabs.org
http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr http://oliot.org

2. (CASE I) Healthcare Application
- KAIST Dr. M Project
Health
Monitoring Medical Assistance
DrM Database
2013
2012
2011
Real-time Monitoring Data
Historical Data
DrM Database
Bio Optic
Sensor
Bio Optic
Sensor
Healthcare
Watch
Healthcare
Watch
EEG
biotelemetry
Blood
Pressure
Blood
Pressure
stick-on
Heart Rate Sensor
Virus
Monitoring
Virus
Monitoring
Foot SensorFoot Sensor
Smart SensorsSmart Sensors
ECG SensorECG Sensor
EEG
biotelemetry
stick-on
Heart Rate Sensor
Machine
Learning
Machine
LearningBig AnalyticsBig Analytics
Prediction
Disease
knowledge
Sensors
Communications, IoT Platform
Analysis
Prediction
Discover
Knowledge
FDA/GS1 UDI

3. (CASE II ) Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Now)

4. 4
(CASE II ) Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Now)

5. [1] Track & Tracing & Recall [2] Smart Agriculture (Sensors & Actuators)
[3] Global Access
[4] Processed
Foods [5] Smart Services &
BigData
(CASE II ) Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Future)

6. Future Internet ?
New Internet Society

7. Internet of Things
– Which is right direction?

8. Internet of Things
– Which is right direction?

9. Internet of Things
– Which is right direction?
Positioning Baseline Infrastructure

10. GS1 Philosophy and Internet of Things
Humans and things

11. GS1 a long time ago …

12. Home of Internet of Things
GS1 & Auto-ID Labs
In 1999, the Internet of Things" was first
coined by Kevin Ashton who cofounded
the Auto-ID Center at the MIT
Business Processes
and Applications
Software and Network
Hardware

13. GS1 Member Organizations

14. GS1 - Essentials

15. GS1 – Who do we represent?

16. Regulation EU No 1169/2011
Food Information Regulation

17. GS1 – UDI Code for Medical Devices

18. Toward GS1 Internet of Things Platform
We will cover bellows, but not limited
Passive Things Active Things
Wireless Sensors/Actuators
Smart Devices
Consumer Electronics
Knowledge

19. Internet of Things Conceptual Architecture
Future IT Eco-System
Human
Information
Thing
Information
Context-
aware
Services
Social Network Service
M2M networking of
Home Devices
Internet Browsing
Entertainment
(Multimedia & Game)
Home Surveillance
Augmented Reality
Big Data
Analysis
Cloud
Computing
Internet
of Things
Cloud Computing
Internet of Things
User log, Business
activity logs, etc.
Internet contents,
SNS, etc.
Everyday objects Multimedia (video,
audio), etc.
Social Network
Service for IoT
Three Musketeers; One for All, and All for One

20. GS1 Standards &
Internet of Things Research
Based on GS1 Philosophy and
Technology at Auto-ID Lab KAIST
Oliot, (Snail, Seahaven, Lilliput
IoTMaaS, GPUCLOUD, CRADHN)
Food SCM and Safety System Project,
(Dr. M Project, SoC Management System Project)

21. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
• Integrating Data Carriers to Business Applications
• Enabled by code systems
• Global Product Classification (GPC)
• GS1 Keys
• Electronic Product Code (EPC)

22. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- Global Product Classification (GPC)
• Global Product Classification (GPC)
– http://www.gs1.org/1/productssolutions/gdsn/gpc/browser/index.html
Category selection
Code for bananas classes with
different attribute

23. • GTIN Global Trade Item Number
• LGTIN GTIN + Lot/Batch
• SSCC Serial Shipping Container Code
• SGLN Global Location Number + optional Extension
• GRAI Global Returnable Asset Identifier
• GIAI Global Individual Asset Identifier
• GSRN Global Service Relation Number
• GDTI Global Document Type Identifier
• SGCN Serialized Global Coupon Number
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- GS1 Keys

24. • GTIN (Global Trade Item Number)
• The GTIN Family of Data Structures
UPC: Universal Product Code
EAN: European Article Number
UCC: Uniform Code Council
ITF: Interleaved Two of Five
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- GS1 Keys

25. • GLN, GTIN, and SSCC
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- GS1 Keys

26. • GRAI (Global Returnable Asset Identifier)
– used to identify returnable assets, re-usable packages, or transport
equipment, such as a tray, pallet, or beer keg.
– the asset being used for the purpose of tracking its location and
return.
– as part of a lease or rental system.
• GIAI (Global Individual Asset Identifier)
– e.g., office equipment, transport equipment, IT equipment, vehicles,
etc.
• GSRN (Global Service Relation Number)
– e.g., club membership, loyalty programmes, a patient in a hospital,
or employees
ECG measurement device (GRAI)
Surgical equipment (GIAI)
Membership ID (GSRN)
Patient ID in hospital
(GSRN)Surgical tools (GIAI)
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- GS1 Keys

27. • EPC
– universal identifier that provides a unique identity for any physical
object
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- Electronic Product Code (EPC)

28. • SGTIN (Serialized Global Trade Item Number)
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- Electronic Product Code (EPC)

29. • EPC Binary encoding
• EPC Tag URI
• EPC Pure Identity URI
• GS1 Element String
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- EPC Encodings
Examples of GTIN and Serial Number (SGTIN) in Different
Syntaxes

30. • EPC global Architectural framework
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
GS1/EPCglobal Architectural Framework
Identification
& sensing
Data filtering
& grouping
Data store and
share
Item Discovery &
Information search
Frédéric Thiesse, Christian Floerkemeier, Mark Harrison, Florian Michahelles, Christof Roduner, "Technology, Standards, and Real-World Deployments of the EPC Network,
" IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 36-43, March-April 2009
Bar Code
Scanner
Output
GS1ElementString
0180614141123458216789

31. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
GS1/EPCglobal Architectural Framework
with Supply Chain Example
Applications
Manufacturer Distributor Retailer
Product info.
• Technical spec.
• Warranty spec.
• Instruction manual
• etc.
Product history
• Genuine or Imitation
• Freshness
• Where this is from?
• Etc.
Manufacturer
EPCIS server
Productquery
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
Switzerland
England
Object Name Service
(ONS) Server
ONS query
EPCIS
repository
F&C
middleware
Capturing Applications
DS query
Application
Real-time feedback
Smart
RFID
reader
Discovery Service (DS)

32. Object Name Service for Internet of Things
Manual Service
Object Name Service
(ONS)
manual
html
epcis
…

33. ONS 2.0 Architecture
ONS Application
GS1 ID AUS
ONS Client
FQDN NAPTR
Recursive
Name Server
EPCIS Server
ONS Peer Roots
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) (6)
(7)
(8)
Federated ONS Architecture
ONS Query response
• ONS Query for ONS Query Responses for the domain name
• ONS Query Response contains a set of Naming Authority PoinTeR (NAPTR) Records
ONS Query
0.0.6.2.2.3.1.4.1.4.1.6.0.gtin.gs1.id.onsepc.com

34. Globally Federated ONS Peer Roots
Pilot Testbed Plan for Federated
ONS
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
Switzerland
England
Sunchon
Univ.
GS1 Korea
Samsung
KAIST
Local ONS Name Servers
onsepc.kr

35. EPCIS (EPC Information Service)
Internet of Things Global Data Repository
35
RFID Reader
& Antenna
Barcode
Reader
ALE – Event Capturing
Everyday
Object
EPCIS – Visibility Event Data
TDS – Unification of GS1 Codes
Attaching
EPC Tag
Attaching
Bar Code
Capturing Interface
Query Interface
Business Apps.

36. GS1 Source
GS1 Source is a framework for
Sharing product information in the
Digital world.

37. • Comparison between two Search Engines
GS1 Digital in standardization now
What can you find on Internet now?
Schick quattro titanium razor
Schick quattro titanium razor
Missing
retailersMissing reviews
Different
image
Different
name
Different
highlight
Different
pricing
Source: Enabling the “digital” revolution in retail (McKinsey, 2013)

38. Improved search by GS1 Digital
Source: Enabling the “digital” revolution in retail (McKinsey, 2013)
SE sees GTIN in HTML
Search engine (SE) finds
initial search term on 1st
retailer's webpage
SE switches from text-
based to GTIN-based
search, and finds 2nd
retailer’s webpage
SE returns all results,
regardless of initial search
term
1 2 3 4
Retailer Retailer 1
Product Dixie combo pack 168
Price $12.59
<html>
<meta name=“GTIN”
content=“0012345678901”>
…
</html> Retailer Retailer 2
Product Dixie combo box 168
Price $10.21
<html>
<meta name=“GTIN”
content=“0012345678901”>
…
</html> Retailer 1
Dixie combo pack 168
$12.59
Retailer 2
Dixie combo set 168
$10.21
ILLUSTRATIVE PROCESS
Dixie combo pack 168
Retailer
Product
Price
Retailer
Product
Price

39. Oliot for GS1 based Open Source IoT Platform
(Open Language for Internet of Things)
• GS1 EPCglobal Network on the Cloud
for Groceries Trace Framework since 2013
– Complete Implementation of GS1
EPCglobal Network
– EPCIS Enhanced with NOSQL DB
– Cloud Support
– ELFIN: Enhanced LLRP- enabling
Framework for the INternet of Things
– Geo-discovery Service
– ONS 2.0.1 implemented
• Smart Thing Information Service
(STIS) since 2005, 2011
– Expand GS1 EPCglobal Network to
integrate various sensor network protocols
– Successor of EPC Sensor Network
– ZigBee, 6LoWPAN/CoAP integration
– Obix integration, etc.

40. Open Language for the Internet of Things
• Open Language for IoT (Oliot) is an ID-based IoT framework.
– Based on GS1 standard ID (e.g., URI-convertible GTIN)
• Goal
– Is to build a ID-based framework to identify, capture, control and share
information about smart things
Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing

41. Oliot Scope
Smart Things’ Control & Data Acquisition
• Enabling searches for an item or a class of items that satisfies
certain sensor values or attributes.
Sensortag(e.g.,IntelWISP)
e.g., cool juice
A Patient with her states
20dB 50dB40dB
70dB50dB25dB
silent tables
4인 3T,
소근소
근
Full, 시끄러
움
Full, 조
용,
몬순 커피
2인
2T
테이블 4, 조
용
휴
업
2인
4T
4인
2T
4인
2T
8인 2T, 조용
4인 3T, 시끄러움
∆t
Sensor stream Processing
& actuation
Distributed
Storage
Interacting with
Smart Things
Search &
discovery
Actuators (e.g.,
appliances)

42. Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Object orchestration and organization management
Domain-specific applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
Smart Things Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
ONS
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
Oliot Scope
Smart Things’ Control & Data Acquisition
• RFID networks
– Passive & active tags
• Wireless Identification and Sensor
Networks (WISN)
– Active tag networks
– Leverage features of Wireless mesh netw
orks
• Sensor and actuator networks
– LLRP, CoAP/6LoWPAN, ZigBee, MQTT,
Alljoyn, lwM2M, etc.
RFID Reader
Ant1 Ant2 Ant3
Conventional RFID networks
Wireless ID and sensor networks
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC EPC
EPC
EPC
Active
tagEPC
Mobilephone sensingBarcode

43.  Stream processing
Oliot Scope
ID & sensor stream processing
• RFID, sensor, and actuator
• adaptation
Complexity of
heterogeneity and
network distribution
∆t
#1441
Door 1
Window 1
Door 2
Window 2
RFID & sensor stream △
Heterogeneous
sensors ▷
∆t
Sensor stream Processing
& actuation
Distributed
Storage
Interacting with
Smart Things
Search &
discovery

44. Oliot Scope
ID & sensor stream processing
• Object abstraction via Sensor & actuator
device framework adaptation
• RFID stream processing & interfaces
– Filtering & Grouping
• RFID data report & management
• Sensor stream processing & interfaces
– Heterogeneous sensor stream adaptation
– Composite sensors streams
Composite sensors
(e.g., human detector)
*Source: http://www.cs.duke.edu/~kmoses/cps516/dstream.html
Stream filtering & grouping*
Direct interaction
Middleware Abstraction
Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing

45. Oliot Scope
Smart Thing Information Services
• Diverse types of information for (smart) things
*Source: http://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/big-data/data-visualization.html
Data analysis
Context extraction
Visualization & Interpretation*
Profile
Historical data
∆t
Sensor stream Processing
& actuation
Distributed
Storage
Interacting with
Smart Things
Search &
discovery

46. Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing
Oliot Scope
Smart Thing Information Services
• Historical events data storage
– Time-series event data
• ID, location, time, sensor values, etc.
• Static master data storage
– Master data for ID interpretation
e.g., GLN id => location (x, y) and address
• Data analysis and visualization
– Offline learning with historical data
1 Source: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E13197_01/rf
id/enterprise_server/docs20/epcis/master.html
Time series data Data analysis & visualizationStatic Master data

47. Oliot Scope
Object Name Service
• Product and devices (i.e., Smart Things) Information
∆t
Sensor stream Processing
& actuation
Distributed
Storage
Interacting with
Smart Things
Search &
discovery

48. Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing
Oliot Scope
Object Name Service
ONS Application
GS1 ID AUS
ONS Client
FQDN NAPTR
Recursive
Name Server
EPCIS Server
ONS Peer Roots
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) (6)
(7)
(8)
Federated ONS Architecture
• Object tagging and product information
retrieval
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
Switzerland
England
ONS Query response

49. Oliot Scope
Discovery Service
• Search for product history
• Search for retailer locations which sell the desired EPC products.
Supply chain
1km
Nearby product discovery
∆t
Sensor stream Processing
& actuation
Distributed
Storage
Interacting with
Smart Things
Search &
discovery

50. Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing
Oliot Scope
Discovery Service
• Search for any smart things with ID
• To search for items with given attribute
information
• Federated architecture for scalable
discovery
Discovery Service
ONS
Client
EPCIS A EPCIS B EPCIS C
Query DS
address
Use API
Query location
information
Register location
Information
KAIST
Discovery
Service
ONS
Client
Queryfor
addressof
DS
Addressof
DS
My lost thing

51. Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing
• July 7 2014 – oliot 1.0
(latest implementation
of EPCglobal framework,
run on any cloud and
supporting mysql and
cassandra)
• 4Q 2014 – oliot 1.1
(provide EPCIS 1.1,
strengthened to support
food industry)
• 2015 – oliot 2.0 (support
internet of things,
merging auto-id lab,
KAIST’s Epc sensor
network, STIS and more)
Oliot Release Plan

52. Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
Systems Pilot Project