1. GROUP DYNAMICS

2. • The word “dynamics” comes from the Greek
word meaning “force” hence group dynamics
refers to the study of forces operating within a
group.
• Group Dynamics are viewed from the
perspective of the internal nature of groups,
how they from, their structure & processes, &
how they function & affect individual
members, other groups, & the organization.

3. Concept of Group-
A group may be defined as the aggregation
of small number of persons who work for
common goals, develop a shared attitude, &
are aware that they are part of a group &
perceive themselves as such.

4. • A group can be defined as collection of two or
more people who meet regularly and
influence one another over a period of time,
perceive themselves as a distinct entity
distinguishable from others, share common
values and strive for common objectives.

5. Features of Group
• Two or more persons
• Social interaction
• stability
• Collective identity
• Shared Goal Interest
• Recognition as being a group

6. Types of Groups
• Primary & secondary Groups
• Membership & Reference Group
• Command & task Group
• Formal & Informal Groups

9. Difference between formal and informal
Basis Of Comparison Formal Group Informal Group
Formation Planned & deliberate Spontaneous
Purpose Well-set goals Social interaction
Structure Well structured Unstructured
Nature Official Unofficial
Focus Positions Persons
Leadership Superior Any one
Source Of Power Delegated Given by Group
Guidelines for
Behavior
Rules & procedures Group Norms, beliefs &
Values

10. GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Stages of Group Development

11. Contributions of Formal Groups
Contributions to Organisations
1. Accomplish complex, independent tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individuals.
2. Create new ideas
3. Coordinate interdepartmental efforts.
4. Solve complex problems requiring varied information and perspectives.
5. Implement action plans.
6. Socialise and train newcomers.
Contributions to Individuals
1. Satisfy needs for affiliation.
2. Confirm identity and enhance self-esteem.
3. Test and share perceptions of social reality.
4. Reduce feelings of insecurity and powerlessness.
5. Provide a mechanism for solving personal and interpersonal problems.

12. Contributions of Informal Groups
Contributions to Individuals
1. Satisfaction of social and affiliation needs.
2. Satisfaction of needs for security and support.
3. Enhanced status for members if the group is perceived by others as prestigious.
4. Enhanced feelings of self-esteem if a member is valued by other group members.
5. Feeling more competent by sharing the power of the group to influence and achieve.
Contributions to Organisations
1. Solidify common social values and expectations congruent with organisational culture.
2. Provide and enforce guidelines for appropriate behaviour.
3. Provide social satisfaction unlikely for anonymous individual workers to experience.
4. Provide a sense of identity that often includes a certain degree of status.
5. Enhance members’ access to information.
6. Help integrate new employees into the formal expectations of the organization.

13. Stages of Group Development

14. Group Decision Making
Techniques for improving group decision
making:
• BRAINSTORMING
• ELECTRONIC BRAINSTORMING
• NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE
• DELPHI DECISION MAKING
• DIALECTIC DECISION MAKING

15. BRAINSTORMING
It is build around four basic guidelines for
participants:
• Generate as many ideas as possible
• Be creative & imaginative
• Extend or combine earlier ideas
• Withhold criticism of other’s ideas.

16. There are two main principles that underline
brainstorming:
• DEFERRED JUDGEMENT
• QUANTITY BREEDS QUALITY

17. ELECTRONIC BRAINSTORMING
• Group members sit at personal computer
terminals.
• members feel they have more opportunity for
participation & more flexibility, since they do
not necessarily need to “meet” at the same
time.

18. Nominal Group Technique-
The process in Nominal Group Technique goes as follows:
• The group leader outlines the problem requiring decision.
• Each member writes down his ideas silently &
independently presents his best single idea on the problem.
• When all members write their ideas, these are presented
for discussion & evaluation before the group members.
• The members are asked to rank various ideas for decision
making & the decision is arrived at on the basis of this
ranking.
• If the group does not reach agreement, it repeats the
ranking & voting procedure until the group reaches some
agreement & makes a decision .

19. Delphi Decision Making-
• In Delphi decision groups, a panel of relevant
people is chosen to address an issue.
• Members are selected because they are
experts or have relevant information to share
& the time available to do so.

20. Dialectic Decision Making

21. TEAM
• A team is a group whose members influence
one another towards the accomplishment of
specified objectives.
• A team is a small number of people with
complementary skills who are committed to a
common purpose, set of performance goals &
approach for which they hold themselves
mutually accountable.

22. Types of Teams
• Problem Solving Teams
• Self Managed Teams
• Cross Functional Teams
• Virtual Teams

24. Creating effective teams
• Establish a clear & compelling direction
• Having right people at the right jobs
• Right leadership style to be used
• Rewarding good team behavior in financial & non financial
ways.
• Spending time to communicate with other team members.
• Listening to ideas & advice from other team members.
• Supporting junior team members rather than bossing them.
• Supporting each other because the team’s success requires
all members to be successful
• Friendship- enjoying working together with a common
purpose.