1. Welcome to Learning Session on
Communication Model
COMMUNICATION MODEL
Communication models are the metaphorical, simplified and systematic representation
of the communication processes which forms general perspectives on communication.
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In

2. It is said that power corrupts but actually its more true that power
attracts the corruptible.
No law or ordinance is mightier than understanding.
If we understand everything, we must be misinformed.
Let us go to learning mode and be a student again.
Kindly Put Mobiles on Silent Mode
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In

3. Various Models at a Glance
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
LINEAR Lasswell’s Model
Aristotle’s Model
Shannon Weaver Model
Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
TRANSACTIONAL  Barnlund’s Transactional Model
 Helical Model
 Becker’s Mosaic Model
INTERACTIONAL  Schramm’s Interactive Model
OTHER Dance’s Helical Spiral Model
Westley and MacLean’s Conceptual Model

4. LINEAR MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
LINEAR model of communication is a simple one way communication
model. The message flows in a straight line from sender to the receiver.
There is no concept of feedback. The only task that a receiver does
here is to receive the message. Different models that follow linear
model of communication are:
 Lasswell’s Model
 Aristotle’s Model
 Shannon Weaver Model
 Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model

5. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
In TRANSACTIONAL model, senders and receivers both are known as
communicators and both play equally important role in
communication. Transactional model relates communication with social
reality, cultural up-bringing and relational context (relationships). Non-
verbal feedback like gestures, body language, is also considered as
feedback in this model. Different models that follow transactional
model of communication are:
 Barnlund’s Transactional Model
 Helical Model
 Becker’s Mosaic Model

6. INTERACTIVE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
INTERACTIVE model or convergence model is similar to transactional
model as they are both two way communication model. But, interactive
model is mostly used for new media like internet. Here, people can
respond to any mass communications like videos, news, etc. People can
exchange their views and ideas. Different models that follow interactive
model of communication are:
 Schramm’s Interactive Model

7. OTHER MODELS
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
OTHER models are:
 Dance’s Helical Spiral of Communication
 Westley and MacLean’s Conceptual Model

8. HAROLD LASSWELL’S MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
 Aka action model or linear or one
way model of communication. It is
one the most influential
communication models.
 Has 5 components which is used
as an analysis tool for evaluating
the communication process &
components.
 Components are the questions to
be asked to get the answers &
keep communication going.

9. HAROLD LASSWELL’S MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
COMPONENTS MEANING ANALYSIS
Who The communicator or sender or source
of message
Control Analysis
Says What The content of message Content Analysis
In which Channel The medium or media Media Analysis
To whom The receiver or an audience Audience Analysis
With what effect The feedback of the receiver to the
sender
Effect analysis
•Effective Communication Process.
•Mass media. Only rich can communicate
•Does not include feedback and ignores noise
•Does not consider barriers of communication

10. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
By Aristotle(384-322 B.C) Greek philosopher and writer born in
Stagira, Northern Greece. He was also the teacher of Alexander the
Great. He studied physics, logic, mathematics, etc.
Aristotle developed a linear model of communication for oral
communication known as which is considered as the 1st model of
communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. It is most widely
communication model.

11. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
 Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be
broadly divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion,
Audience and Effect.
 It is a speaker centred model as the speaker has the most important
role in it. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the audience.
The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This
makes the communication process one way, from speaker to receiver.
The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according to the
target audience and situation (occasion). The speech must be prepared
so that the audience be persuaded or influenced from the speech.

12. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
 To develop public speaking skills and create a propaganda and is
speaker oriented and focuses on audience interaction in
communication, there is no concept of feedbacks.
 E.g. a politician (speaker) gives a speech to get votes from the
civilians (audience) at the time of election (occasion). The civilians only
vote if they are influenced by the things the politician says in his speech
so the content must be very impressive to influence the mass and the
speaker must design the message very carefully.
The speech must be clear as well as the speaker must have a very
good non-verbal communication with the audience like eye contact.

13. ARISTOTLE MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
Critical Elements of a Good Communicator
 Ethos: Features that makes you credible in front of the audience.
(Corrupt politician vs. Good politician).
 Pathos: What you say is important for emotional bonds. If people of
a village needs water and the politician says he’ll build a dam for
drinking water and irrigation.
 Logos: Logos is logic. People find logic in everything. Use factual data
in an awareness program will attract the audience’s attention and will
make them believe in the need of awareness in the particular matter.
Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model of Communication: No concept of
feedback, it is one way from speaker to audience. No concept of
communication failure like noise & barriers. Only for public speaking.

14. SHANONE AND WEAVER
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
Created in 1948 when Claude Elwood Shannon wrote an article “A
Mathematical Theory of Communication” in Bell System Technical
Journal with Warren Weaver.
 Shannon was an American mathematician whereas Weaver was a
scientist. This Model is Mother of all Models.

15. SHANONE AND WEAVER
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
There are 3 levels of problems of communication per Shannon Weaver.
 Technical problem –How a channel causes a problem
 Semantic problem –Is the meaning of message sent and received
very different
 Effectiveness problem –How effectively does the message cause
reaction
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Concept of noise. 2 way process. Apply in general communication.
Quantifiable. More for interpersonal communication than group
communication and mass communication. Receiver plays the passive
and sender plays the primary. Human communication is not
mathematical in nature.

16. BERLO’S SMCR MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In

17. BERLO’S SMCR MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered.
 There is no concept of noise
 No concept of barriers in communication process.
 It is a linear model of communication, there is no two way
communication.
 Both of the people must be similar according to above factors

18. BARNLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
 Multi Layered Feedback system
 Public cues – Environment
 Private cues – Senses
 Behavioural cues – Non Verbal
 Shared field experience of the
sender & receiver. Simultaneous
message sending, noise &
feedback.
 Complex. Both must understand
codes

19. HELICAL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
CHILD: 10 Y > 30 Y > 40 Y > TODAY
 By Frank Dance 1967. A helix is a
three dimensional spring like
curve in the shape of a cylinder or
a cone. Helix from Birth to Present
time. Linearity and Circularity
 Interchangeable sender receiver
 Intellectual process
 Not tested. Continuity can never
be true

20. BECKER’S MOSAIC
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
COMPONENTS ARE:
1. Empty Cells
2. Vertical Layers
3. Cells
4. Loops
 Complexity of Communication
 No environmental and social
dimensions
 New bits are useless if the last bits
are lost

21. SCHRAMM’ S MODEL
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
 Acceleration principle.
 The principle states that the increase in demand for consumer goods
leads to a rise in demand for capital goods i.e. the factors of
production, that are essential in the production process. But, the
proportion of demand for capital investment or the factors of
production will be highly magnified in comparison to the proportion of
demand in consumer goods.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Relates to industrial production, demand, supply, consumption and
is mathematical one.
 Not universally accepted as it ignores technological gaps.

22. WESTLEY & MACLEAN’S
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
By Bruce Westley and Malcolm Maclean.
Communication starts when a person
responds to something. He must first receive
the message to respond. Feedback is fast n
direct in interpersonal one. Feedback is
slow. Source (A), Environment (X), Sensory
experience (X1), Objects of orientation (X1,
X2..), Message or coding (X’), Receiver (B),
Feedback (f), Gatekeeper (C)
 Group as well as mass communication.
 Complicated.

23. THANK YOU
Avinash Murkute | Pune | M: 9822698070 | Avinash@Galaxy4u.In
For any questions / feedback / queries / suggestions, please do contact:
AVINASH MURKUTE
Galaxy4u Legal Consulting, Pune
Web:www.Galaxy4u.in | Email: avinash@galaxy4u.in
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 This presentation is purely for academic purposes only. Can be downloaded, used,
presented, modified, reproduced etc. for academic purposes only.