Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang distribusi pendapatan dan kemiskinan. Secara singkat, dokumen menjelaskan bahwa perbedaan pendapatan terjadi karena perbedaan kepemilikan sumber daya, ada dua pandangan untuk mengurangi perbedaan pendapatan, dan kemiskinan dapat diukur dengan garis kemiskinan yang berubah seiring perubahan harga kebutuhan.

1. Transformasi Struktural Proses Distribusi Oleh Gaffari Ramadhan, SE.

7. Per Capita GDP (Based on Purchasing-Power-Parity (PPP) in US dollar) Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2007 28343 22067 16001 10462 6070 3674 Taiwan 30386 24066 18608 12485 7912 5104 Singapore 22208 16179 12540 8022 4545 2588 Korea 35263 25864 21533 15834 9617 6170 Hong Kong 3078 2037 1446 942 706 430 Vietnam 8532 6182 5843 3623 2056 1362 Thailand 4889 3801 2927 2120 1611 1027 Sri Lanka 5016 3997 3390 2999 2287 2139 Philippines 2537 1950 1711 1372 1010 656 Pakistan 2001 1074 738 543 569 384 Myanmar 11105 8738 7232 4657 3297 2265 Malaysia 4043 3045 2829 1922 1325 909 Indonesia 3403 2392 1828 1375 987 648 India 6743 3913 2505 1318 833 418 China 2983 1867 1364 1146 n/a n/a Cambodia 2130 1586 1250 994 796 582 Bangladesh 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980 Country

8. Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2007

10. Gini Index* in Selected Countries (index) * Gini index: a measure of inequality between 0 (everyone has the same income) and 100 (richest person has all the income) Source: World Bank Poverty Monitor 34.41 37.55 35.52 35.58 35.68 35.68 35.68 35.68 35.68 Vietnam 41.96 41.96 43.53 43.39 46.22 45.03 43.84 44.63 45.22 Thailand 40.18 40.18 33.24 34.36 32.30 30.10 32.47 32.47 32.47 Sri Lanka 44.48 44.48 46.09 46.16 42.89 43.82 40.63 41.04 41.04 Philippines 49.15 49.15 49.15 48.84 47.65 46.17 47.04 48.63 48.63 Malaysia 34.67 34.67 37.00 37.00 30.40 30.40 30.40 30.40 30.40 Lao PDR 34.30 34.30 31.73 36.55 34.36 34.65 33.12 33.29 33.29 Indonesia 31.18 30.39 33.02 28.65 30.31 33.23 33.35 33.35 33.35 Pakistan 37.59 36.85 35.96 35.08 34.34 35.06 35.57 33.33 34.21 India-Urban 30.46 30.04 29.52 29.02 28.59 29.49 30.13 30.06 31.57 India-Rural 33.98 33.46 31.55 29.09 28.47 24.78 20.20 17.08 18.46 China-Urban 38.09 38.02 35.39 33.62 32.13 30.57 29.45 26.69 24.99 China-Rural 33.42 33.42 33.42 33.00 28.27 28.56 28.85 26.14 25.88 Bangladesh 2004 2002 1999 1996 1993 1990 1987 1984 1981 Country

14. Population below the Poverty Line * in Selected Countries (Percent) *Population living in households with consumption or income per person below the poverty line. The default poverty line is $32.74 per month. This is the World Bank $1 per day poverty line. Source: World Bank Poverty Monitor 0.00 1.78 3.80 9.19 14.63 24.77 35.36 40.50 55.10 Vietnam* 0.12 0.89 2.03 2.21 6.02 10.02 17.86 21.34 21.64 Thailand 3.25 5.77 7.64 6.56 5.73 3.82 9.05 9.39 17.68 Sri Lanka 13.49 13.49 13.54 13.61 18.09 20.19 19.45 23.42 20.42 Philippines 0.04 0.14 0.54 0.52 0.43 0.93 1.20 1.96 2.36 Malaysia 20.55 27.37 24.12 26.37 18.57 29.04 43.48 53.64 65.66 Lao PDR 5.44 7.78 7.58 14.12 17.39 20.57 28.15 36.68 45.88 Indonesia 34.33 35.87 37.82 39.94 41.82 44.32 46.16 47.94 51.75 India 9.90 13.79 17.77 17.37 28.36 32.98 28.64 41.01 63.75 China 32.61 37.16 41.30 31.72 30.55 33.71 36.84 24.93 31.07 Bangladesh 2004 2002 1999 1996 1993 1990 1987 1984 1981 Country

15. *Population living in households with consumption or income per person below the poverty line. The default poverty line is $32.74 per month. This is the World Bank $1 per day poverty line. Source: World Bank Poverty Monitor

17. IMPACT OF THE INFLATION Increasing the Poverty Line Rp. 129.108,00 Rp. 152.847,00 Increasing the Poverty (Rupiah/kapita/bulan) (Feb. 2005) (Maret 2005) 35,10 juta jiwa (15,97%) 39,05 juta jiwa (17,75%) Feb. 2005 Maret 2006 Source: Susenas

19. TERIMA KASIH