SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 21
Baixar para ler offline
Early Christianity
- The development of early Christian communities
Life and Times of Jesus
Homelands
A note on dates and sources
• Cross-referencing
– E.g. dating Jesus’ birth
– All Gospels tell us Herod the Great is King during
Jesus’ birth – Roman records=ruler of Judea 37-4
BCE – born near end of reign – the massacre of
infants – Jesus born c. 6-4 BCE
– Gospels tell of a great census – common in
Roman history – question Imperial census or
provincial census? – c. 6-4 BCE
• Sources:
– Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles
• Acts written by a doctor-historian “Luke”
– Epistles – Paul and other Catholic Letters (Peter)
• Important for cross-reference to Acts
– Roman sources
• E.g. Tacitus Annals; Diadche (The Teachings of the
Twelve Apostles); Pliny the Younger Letters
Leadership• Disciples chosen by Jesus
to spread the Word of God
(Mt 28:16-20)
• Simon Peter  chosen by
Jesus (Mt 16: 17-20) as
Leader of the Early Church
• Pentecost, 30CE, sparks
the first preaching in
Jerusalem
• Forced to flee Jerusalem
for Antioch (Acts 11:19-30)
• Importance: Jesus’ message is
beyond Jerusalem
• James, “the brother
of Jesus”, becomes
leader of the Church
in Jerusalem
(e.g. Acts 15: 13;
Galatians 2: 9-12)
• c.62 CE – put to
death
ACTS of the Apostles – The Jewish Origins of Christianity
• The events of Pentecost lead to receiving grace-filled courage to
begin preaching (Acts 2.1-13)
– Referred to as Nazarenes and identified as Jews. They form a SECT of
Judaism
– They still obeyed Mosaic Law: the Commandments, kept the Sabbath
and the food laws and prayed in the same way as the Jews in the
Temple and Synagogues
– Their teachings were Jewish, based on the Hebrew Scriptures
– Maintained the belief in REVELATION – the belief that God is revealed
to people: prophets.
– But they celebrated a Eucharist-type meal after prayers, usually in
someone’s house and practiced baptism (ACT 2.37-42)
– performed miracles (ACTS 3.1-10)
– communal sharing of goods
(ACTS 4: 32-37)
Reaction = Persecution
• The Jewish Council (Sanhedrin) in Jerusalem
become frustrated that Jesus’ message has
continued and afraid of Roman repercussions
– ACTS 4 (Peter and John before the Council)
– ACTS 5.17-42 (The Apostles are persecuted – flogging
of Peter and John)
• Stephen
– First Martyr – c. 35 AD – stoned to death by Jews for
teaching Jesus’ words to Jews and Gentiles
(ACTS 7.54-60)
– Results in Stephen’s followers begin to preach the
Gospel to whomever would listen
St Paul
– Pharisee educated, Roman citizen, Jew
– Persecuted the Church in Jerusalem – present at
Stephen’s stoning
– Conversion (ACTS 9) (c. 35-36 CE)
– Great Missionary of the Church
– Apostle to the Gentiles
• Importance of Letters
– Gives insight in Paul, into the Christian community,
the spread of Christianity, teachings of the early
Church, issues within the Church
Divisions between Judaism and Christianity
• Council of Jerusalem 49 AD
– The missionary work of Peter, Paul and the other disciples spreads Christianity beyond
Palestine to the Gentiles (non-Jews)
– PROBLEM: did the new converts, the Gentiles, need to be Jewish first and thus
circumcised and follow the dietary laws of the Torah, before baptism?
• DIVISION: converted-scribes and Pharisees claimed that circumcision was necessary and
crucial to the law of Moses VERSUS Peter, Paul and other missionaries
• DECISION: As long as the new converts abandoned pagan idols, followed God’s
commandments and were committed to Jesus’ teachings and ministry, Gentiles could
be baptised and receive salvation
• SIGNIFICANCE: The decision to preach to BOTH GENTILES AND JEWS signals
separation from Judaism
• SIGNIFICANCE: Made it easier for Gentiles to convert to Christianity and for
Christianity to spread
• Reactions:
• Jews – disbelief that the Law of Moses was being ignored. Increased hostility to Christianity
• Gentiles – gained a sense of equality with Jewish converts
• Reinforced by the failed revolt (66-70), destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans
70 AD and the Diaspora (dispersion) of the Jews
• ESTIMATES: By 100 CE , there were 500, 000 Christians spread throughout the
empire, representing 1% of the Roman population
Spreading the Word
• St Paul’s Journeys
Well
established
and
maintained
road and
sea
networks
Common
Language:
Greek
The Roman Empire was peaceful at this time –
enabling safe and secure travelling
Christians were preaching a simpler and more
personal message that attracted many people
Christians cared for the sick during
epidemics as well as the poor and
widows
Women
were treated
with more
respect in
Christian
communities
– marriage
and family
life was
more stable
The Persecutions
• Two directions: Jewish
and Roman
– Jewish examples: Saul of
Tarsus and the Stoning of
Stephen
• Roman:
– Emperor Nero - Blamed
the burning of Rome on
the Christians in 64 CE –
martyred in the streets
and in gladiatorial
combats
Early.church.history.revised
Constantine
• Emperor Constantine’s Conversion (312 AD)
– Emperor of the entire Roman Empire
– Legitimised Christianity – and became the state
religion (Edict of Milan 313 AD)
• Council of Nicaea 325 AD
– In response to theological arguments within the
Church
– Affirmed the teaching of the trinity: three Persons
in the One God: FATHER, SON, HOLY SPIRIT
• Moves the Roman capital to Byzantium in the
East – renamed Constantinople – modern
Istanbul
– Two centres of Christianity emerge:
Constantinople and Rome
– According to tradition:
• the leader of the Church was the Bishop of Rome –
Peter had been the first
• Followed by the Bishop of Constantinople
• Followed by Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandra
• These were the Patriarchs of the Church
Constantine
From Outlaws to the State Religion
• Many rushed to be baptised
• Building of public churches
– Basilica of St Peter in
Rome – Sancta Sophia in
Constantinople
• Increased power and
influence of the Bishops
and local clergy
• In the East: richer and more
powerful
• In the West: The bishop of
Rome was the recognised
successor of St Peter
Early.church.history.revised
Fall of Rome
• Barbarian Hordes
• 410: Sacking of Rome
East-West Schism 1054 CE
• Political Causes
– In the West, the Bishop of Rome (now referred to
as the Pope) took on more leadership duties
– In the East, the Patriarch of Constantinople was
intricately linked with the Emperor
formal separation
from the unity of the
Church
Cause West East
Language Latin Greek
Authority Claimed authority based on their
decedent from St Peter, the first
Bishop and leader of the Apostles
Claimed authority as the Patriarchs of
the capital of the Roman Empire
Or at least equal authority
Eucharist
and
Sacramen
ts
-Hymns were translated into Latin
-Altar remained out the front and
visible to all
- Emphasised the mystery of the
Eucharist concealing the altar behind
decorated screens: “iconostasis”
Holy
Images
- Portraying holy images remained
allowable
-Debate arose
-Periods were depicting holy images was
banned
-Re-emerged as flat images, paintings,
mosaics, or shallow carvings – called
icons
-NO STATUES
Ministers - Increasingly insisted on celibacy -Ordained married deacons into the
priesthood
Nicene
Creed
-Debate about the status of the Holy
Spirit
-Originally, the creed stated “who
proceeds from the Father” but later
added “and the Son”
- Fiercely opposed the addition of “and
the Son” and refused to include it
Doctrine of Papal Jurisdiction
• The Catholic Doctrine that the Pope and the
Church of Rome (Apostolic See) retained
overall authority due to their unique position
as heirs to St Peter
East-West Schism 1054
• Mutual Excommunication
• East: Orthodox Christianity
• West: Catholicism
being cut off
from the
sacraments
and the life
of the
Church

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

A Brief History of Catholic church
A Brief History of Catholic churchA Brief History of Catholic church
A Brief History of Catholic churchphinto
 
3.Church History
3.Church History3.Church History
3.Church Historyguesta041f5
 
The Holy Spirit (CL)
The Holy Spirit (CL)The Holy Spirit (CL)
The Holy Spirit (CL)Sohan Motwani
 
The Formation of the Gospels
The Formation of the GospelsThe Formation of the Gospels
The Formation of the GospelsAlex Layda
 
New Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to Galatia
New Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to GalatiaNew Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to Galatia
New Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to GalatiaClive Ashby
 
Ecclesiology in the Patristic Era
Ecclesiology in the Patristic EraEcclesiology in the Patristic Era
Ecclesiology in the Patristic EraChoobie Albia
 
08 jerusalem council
08 jerusalem council08 jerusalem council
08 jerusalem councilchucho1943
 
Christianity and islam by taiwo j
Christianity and islam by taiwo jChristianity and islam by taiwo j
Christianity and islam by taiwo jLynn University
 
Liturgical year calendar of the Catholic Church
Liturgical year calendar of the Catholic ChurchLiturgical year calendar of the Catholic Church
Liturgical year calendar of the Catholic ChurchNathaniel Niar
 
Mary doctrine & dogmas
Mary   doctrine & dogmasMary   doctrine & dogmas
Mary doctrine & dogmasMartin M Flynn
 
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the Gospels
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the GospelsSession 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the Gospels
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the GospelsJohn Brooks
 
Essentials of ministry
Essentials of ministryEssentials of ministry
Essentials of ministrydtagwireyi
 

Mais procurados (20)

The Apostles
The ApostlesThe Apostles
The Apostles
 
A Brief History of Catholic church
A Brief History of Catholic churchA Brief History of Catholic church
A Brief History of Catholic church
 
3.Church History
3.Church History3.Church History
3.Church History
 
The Holy Spirit (CL)
The Holy Spirit (CL)The Holy Spirit (CL)
The Holy Spirit (CL)
 
Acts
ActsActs
Acts
 
The Formation of the Gospels
The Formation of the GospelsThe Formation of the Gospels
The Formation of the Gospels
 
Liturgical Calendar
Liturgical CalendarLiturgical Calendar
Liturgical Calendar
 
Church History
Church HistoryChurch History
Church History
 
New Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to Galatia
New Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to GalatiaNew Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to Galatia
New Testament Survey no.13: Paul - His Letter to Galatia
 
The sacraments
The sacramentsThe sacraments
The sacraments
 
Ecclesiology in the Patristic Era
Ecclesiology in the Patristic EraEcclesiology in the Patristic Era
Ecclesiology in the Patristic Era
 
08 jerusalem council
08 jerusalem council08 jerusalem council
08 jerusalem council
 
Christianity and islam by taiwo j
Christianity and islam by taiwo jChristianity and islam by taiwo j
Christianity and islam by taiwo j
 
The Catholic Church
The Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church
The Catholic Church
 
The historical jesus pp
The historical jesus ppThe historical jesus pp
The historical jesus pp
 
Liturgical year calendar of the Catholic Church
Liturgical year calendar of the Catholic ChurchLiturgical year calendar of the Catholic Church
Liturgical year calendar of the Catholic Church
 
Mary doctrine & dogmas
Mary   doctrine & dogmasMary   doctrine & dogmas
Mary doctrine & dogmas
 
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the Gospels
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the GospelsSession 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the Gospels
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the Gospels
 
The Gospels
The GospelsThe Gospels
The Gospels
 
Essentials of ministry
Essentials of ministryEssentials of ministry
Essentials of ministry
 

Semelhante a Early.church.history.revised

Christian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptx
Christian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptxChristian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptx
Christian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptxAnarieCayag1
 
World History Ch. 6 Section 4 Notes
World History Ch. 6 Section 4 NotesWorld History Ch. 6 Section 4 Notes
World History Ch. 6 Section 4 Notesskorbar7
 
Patristic relgrade8 (1)
Patristic relgrade8 (1)Patristic relgrade8 (1)
Patristic relgrade8 (1)MrsSevCTK
 
Byzantium ppt nov 2013
Byzantium ppt   nov 2013Byzantium ppt   nov 2013
Byzantium ppt nov 2013Janet Pareja
 
Petrine periodrel8
Petrine periodrel8Petrine periodrel8
Petrine periodrel8MrsSevCTK
 
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02Eileen Doherty
 
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02guest8d718c1
 
Top Ten Church History Moments
Top Ten Church History MomentsTop Ten Church History Moments
Top Ten Church History MomentsPaul Stokell
 
Christianity ppt
Christianity pptChristianity ppt
Christianity pptHST130mcc
 
Mi 361 lesson 4 persecution early church-19th century
Mi 361 lesson 4   persecution early church-19th centuryMi 361 lesson 4   persecution early church-19th century
Mi 361 lesson 4 persecution early church-19th centuryBob Patton, M.D., D.D.
 
A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...
A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...
A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...UNM Continuing Education
 
Church history - 20 Centuries summary
Church history - 20 Centuries summary Church history - 20 Centuries summary
Church history - 20 Centuries summary Nardine Raphael
 
Church pentecost and the emergence of faith
Church   pentecost and the emergence of faithChurch   pentecost and the emergence of faith
Church pentecost and the emergence of faithMERCEDES REMEGIO
 
Church in the Early Middle Ages
Church in the Early Middle AgesChurch in the Early Middle Ages
Church in the Early Middle Agesjauntingjen
 
Christianity
ChristianityChristianity
ChristianityGary Vlc
 
Medieval Christianity
Medieval ChristianityMedieval Christianity
Medieval ChristianityKaren Ongcol
 
Apostolic period (1)
Apostolic period (1)Apostolic period (1)
Apostolic period (1)MrsSevCTK
 
Apostolic period
Apostolic periodApostolic period
Apostolic periodMrsSevCTK
 

Semelhante a Early.church.history.revised (20)

Christian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptx
Christian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptxChristian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptx
Christian Vincentian Spirituality History.pptx
 
World History Ch. 6 Section 4 Notes
World History Ch. 6 Section 4 NotesWorld History Ch. 6 Section 4 Notes
World History Ch. 6 Section 4 Notes
 
Patristic relgrade8 (1)
Patristic relgrade8 (1)Patristic relgrade8 (1)
Patristic relgrade8 (1)
 
Christianityfromconstantinetilltoday
ChristianityfromconstantinetilltodayChristianityfromconstantinetilltoday
Christianityfromconstantinetilltoday
 
Byzantium ppt nov 2013
Byzantium ppt   nov 2013Byzantium ppt   nov 2013
Byzantium ppt nov 2013
 
Christian
ChristianChristian
Christian
 
Petrine periodrel8
Petrine periodrel8Petrine periodrel8
Petrine periodrel8
 
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02
 
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02
Toptenchurchhistorymoments 12579970815662-phpapp02-100413085122-phpapp02
 
Top Ten Church History Moments
Top Ten Church History MomentsTop Ten Church History Moments
Top Ten Church History Moments
 
Christianity ppt
Christianity pptChristianity ppt
Christianity ppt
 
Mi 361 lesson 4 persecution early church-19th century
Mi 361 lesson 4   persecution early church-19th centuryMi 361 lesson 4   persecution early church-19th century
Mi 361 lesson 4 persecution early church-19th century
 
A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...
A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...
A Social History of the Medieval Church, 200-1563 AD - OLLI at UNM Lecture by...
 
Church history - 20 Centuries summary
Church history - 20 Centuries summary Church history - 20 Centuries summary
Church history - 20 Centuries summary
 
Church pentecost and the emergence of faith
Church   pentecost and the emergence of faithChurch   pentecost and the emergence of faith
Church pentecost and the emergence of faith
 
Church in the Early Middle Ages
Church in the Early Middle AgesChurch in the Early Middle Ages
Church in the Early Middle Ages
 
Christianity
ChristianityChristianity
Christianity
 
Medieval Christianity
Medieval ChristianityMedieval Christianity
Medieval Christianity
 
Apostolic period (1)
Apostolic period (1)Apostolic period (1)
Apostolic period (1)
 
Apostolic period
Apostolic periodApostolic period
Apostolic period
 

Mais de Francis O'Callaghan

Sexual ethics in islam ISRA presenation
Sexual ethics in islam ISRA presenationSexual ethics in islam ISRA presenation
Sexual ethics in islam ISRA presenationFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Friday prayer at the mosque.adapted
Friday prayer at the mosque.adaptedFriday prayer at the mosque.adapted
Friday prayer at the mosque.adaptedFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Five pillars of islam ISRA Presentation
Five pillars of islam   ISRA PresentationFive pillars of islam   ISRA Presentation
Five pillars of islam ISRA PresentationFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Christianity Significant Person - Paul of Tarsus
Christianity Significant Person - Paul of TarsusChristianity Significant Person - Paul of Tarsus
Christianity Significant Person - Paul of TarsusFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Islam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu Bakr
Islam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu BakrIslam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu Bakr
Islam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu BakrFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Christian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resource
Christian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resourceChristian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resource
Christian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resourceFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Paul of tarsus connecting the dots
Paul of tarsus   connecting the dotsPaul of tarsus   connecting the dots
Paul of tarsus connecting the dotsFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945
Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945
Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945Francis O'Callaghan
 
Interfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impactInterfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impactFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Interfaith dialogue dr gerard hall
Interfaith dialogue   dr gerard hallInterfaith dialogue   dr gerard hall
Interfaith dialogue dr gerard hallFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Account for the present religions
Account for the present religions Account for the present religions
Account for the present religions Francis O'Callaghan
 
Interfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impactInterfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impactFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Principle Beliefs of Christianity
Principle Beliefs of ChristianityPrinciple Beliefs of Christianity
Principle Beliefs of ChristianityFrancis O'Callaghan
 
Explain why jesus is the model for christian life
Explain why jesus is the model for christian lifeExplain why jesus is the model for christian life
Explain why jesus is the model for christian lifeFrancis O'Callaghan
 

Mais de Francis O'Callaghan (20)

Sexual ethics in islam ISRA presenation
Sexual ethics in islam ISRA presenationSexual ethics in islam ISRA presenation
Sexual ethics in islam ISRA presenation
 
Friday prayer at the mosque.adapted
Friday prayer at the mosque.adaptedFriday prayer at the mosque.adapted
Friday prayer at the mosque.adapted
 
Five pillars of islam ISRA Presentation
Five pillars of islam   ISRA PresentationFive pillars of islam   ISRA Presentation
Five pillars of islam ISRA Presentation
 
Christianity Significant Person - Paul of Tarsus
Christianity Significant Person - Paul of TarsusChristianity Significant Person - Paul of Tarsus
Christianity Significant Person - Paul of Tarsus
 
Christian Ethics - Bioethics
Christian Ethics - BioethicsChristian Ethics - Bioethics
Christian Ethics - Bioethics
 
Islam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu Bakr
Islam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu BakrIslam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu Bakr
Islam Significant Person - Aisha Bint Abu Bakr
 
Islamic Ethics - Sexual Ethics
Islamic Ethics - Sexual EthicsIslamic Ethics - Sexual Ethics
Islamic Ethics - Sexual Ethics
 
Christian ethics BPC resource
Christian  ethics BPC resourceChristian  ethics BPC resource
Christian ethics BPC resource
 
Christian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resource
Christian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resourceChristian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resource
Christian ethics bioethics_hsc MCC resource
 
Paul of tarsus connecting the dots
Paul of tarsus   connecting the dotsPaul of tarsus   connecting the dots
Paul of tarsus connecting the dots
 
Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945
Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945
Account for the religious landscape in australia post 1945
 
Interfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impactInterfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impact
 
Interfaith dialogue dr gerard hall
Interfaith dialogue   dr gerard hallInterfaith dialogue   dr gerard hall
Interfaith dialogue dr gerard hall
 
Account for the present religions
Account for the present religions Account for the present religions
Account for the present religions
 
Interfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impactInterfaith dialogue examples and impact
Interfaith dialogue examples and impact
 
Ecumenism examples and impact
Ecumenism   examples and impactEcumenism   examples and impact
Ecumenism examples and impact
 
Principle Beliefs of Christianity
Principle Beliefs of ChristianityPrinciple Beliefs of Christianity
Principle Beliefs of Christianity
 
Mission powerpoint
Mission powerpointMission powerpoint
Mission powerpoint
 
Martin Luther King Jnr. ppt
Martin Luther King Jnr. pptMartin Luther King Jnr. ppt
Martin Luther King Jnr. ppt
 
Explain why jesus is the model for christian life
Explain why jesus is the model for christian lifeExplain why jesus is the model for christian life
Explain why jesus is the model for christian life
 

Último

The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear God
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear GodThe_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear God
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear GodNetwork Bible Fellowship
 
Free eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdf
Free eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdfFree eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdf
Free eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdfOH TEIK BIN
 
Old Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptx
Old Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptxOld Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptx
Old Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptxInnovator Marbun
 
365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...
365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...
365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...Eizijesu Obahaiye
 
April 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church Floodwood
April 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church FloodwoodApril 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church Floodwood
April 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church FloodwoodFloodwoodvern
 
Easter Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptx
Easter Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptxEaster Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptx
Easter Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptxStephen Palm
 
Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24
Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24
Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24deerfootcoc
 
DP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidates
DP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidatesDP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidates
DP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidatesBengt & Maarit de Paulis
 
Indications of Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptx
Indications of  Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptxIndications of  Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptx
Indications of Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
 
Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]
Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]
Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]iqra tube
 
SERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINI
SERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINISERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINI
SERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINISantanu Das
 
The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...
The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...
The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...Cometan
 
All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...
All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...
All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...iqra tube
 
DP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short vers
DP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short versDP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short vers
DP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short versBengt & Maarit de Paulis
 

Último (15)

The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear God
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear GodThe_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear God
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_93_Fear God
 
Free eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdf
Free eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdfFree eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdf
Free eBook ~Short Inspirational Stories - The Benefits.pdf
 
Old Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptx
Old Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptxOld Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptx
Old Age but fruitful and meaningful.pptx
 
365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...
365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...
365 Days of Thanking God_ Cultivating a Heart of Thanksgiving Everyday (Revis...
 
April 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church Floodwood
April 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church FloodwoodApril 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church Floodwood
April 2024 Calendar of Events Hope Lutheran Church Floodwood
 
Easter Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptx
Easter Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptxEaster Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptx
Easter Apocalypse_Palm Sunday_Rev. 7.pptx
 
Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24
Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24
Deerfoot Church of Christ Bulletin 3 24 24
 
DP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidates
DP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidatesDP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidates
DP & Jesus Marriage - 2 potential candidates
 
English - The 1st Book of Adam and Eve.pdf
English - The 1st Book of Adam and Eve.pdfEnglish - The 1st Book of Adam and Eve.pdf
English - The 1st Book of Adam and Eve.pdf
 
Indications of Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptx
Indications of  Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptxIndications of  Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptx
Indications of Rebirth ~ My Reflections (English & Chinese).pptx
 
Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]
Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]
Islamic Finance 101 - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidancecollege.org/]
 
SERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINI
SERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINISERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINI
SERPENT COIL: THE AWAKENING OF KUNDALINI
 
The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...
The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...
The Mormon & Quaker Moons of Lancashire: Stories of Religious Conversion & Mi...
 
All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...
All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...
All About Zakah for Muslim Americans - Dr. Main Alqudah [https://www.guidance...
 
DP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short vers
DP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short versDP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short vers
DP & Nostradamus-Fatima-Bailey-Branham-Ford - Short vers
 

Early.church.history.revised

  • 1. Early Christianity - The development of early Christian communities
  • 2. Life and Times of Jesus Homelands
  • 3. A note on dates and sources • Cross-referencing – E.g. dating Jesus’ birth – All Gospels tell us Herod the Great is King during Jesus’ birth – Roman records=ruler of Judea 37-4 BCE – born near end of reign – the massacre of infants – Jesus born c. 6-4 BCE – Gospels tell of a great census – common in Roman history – question Imperial census or provincial census? – c. 6-4 BCE
  • 4. • Sources: – Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles • Acts written by a doctor-historian “Luke” – Epistles – Paul and other Catholic Letters (Peter) • Important for cross-reference to Acts – Roman sources • E.g. Tacitus Annals; Diadche (The Teachings of the Twelve Apostles); Pliny the Younger Letters
  • 5. Leadership• Disciples chosen by Jesus to spread the Word of God (Mt 28:16-20) • Simon Peter  chosen by Jesus (Mt 16: 17-20) as Leader of the Early Church • Pentecost, 30CE, sparks the first preaching in Jerusalem • Forced to flee Jerusalem for Antioch (Acts 11:19-30) • Importance: Jesus’ message is beyond Jerusalem • James, “the brother of Jesus”, becomes leader of the Church in Jerusalem (e.g. Acts 15: 13; Galatians 2: 9-12) • c.62 CE – put to death
  • 6. ACTS of the Apostles – The Jewish Origins of Christianity • The events of Pentecost lead to receiving grace-filled courage to begin preaching (Acts 2.1-13) – Referred to as Nazarenes and identified as Jews. They form a SECT of Judaism – They still obeyed Mosaic Law: the Commandments, kept the Sabbath and the food laws and prayed in the same way as the Jews in the Temple and Synagogues – Their teachings were Jewish, based on the Hebrew Scriptures – Maintained the belief in REVELATION – the belief that God is revealed to people: prophets. – But they celebrated a Eucharist-type meal after prayers, usually in someone’s house and practiced baptism (ACT 2.37-42) – performed miracles (ACTS 3.1-10) – communal sharing of goods (ACTS 4: 32-37)
  • 7. Reaction = Persecution • The Jewish Council (Sanhedrin) in Jerusalem become frustrated that Jesus’ message has continued and afraid of Roman repercussions – ACTS 4 (Peter and John before the Council) – ACTS 5.17-42 (The Apostles are persecuted – flogging of Peter and John) • Stephen – First Martyr – c. 35 AD – stoned to death by Jews for teaching Jesus’ words to Jews and Gentiles (ACTS 7.54-60) – Results in Stephen’s followers begin to preach the Gospel to whomever would listen
  • 8. St Paul – Pharisee educated, Roman citizen, Jew – Persecuted the Church in Jerusalem – present at Stephen’s stoning – Conversion (ACTS 9) (c. 35-36 CE) – Great Missionary of the Church – Apostle to the Gentiles • Importance of Letters – Gives insight in Paul, into the Christian community, the spread of Christianity, teachings of the early Church, issues within the Church
  • 9. Divisions between Judaism and Christianity • Council of Jerusalem 49 AD – The missionary work of Peter, Paul and the other disciples spreads Christianity beyond Palestine to the Gentiles (non-Jews) – PROBLEM: did the new converts, the Gentiles, need to be Jewish first and thus circumcised and follow the dietary laws of the Torah, before baptism? • DIVISION: converted-scribes and Pharisees claimed that circumcision was necessary and crucial to the law of Moses VERSUS Peter, Paul and other missionaries • DECISION: As long as the new converts abandoned pagan idols, followed God’s commandments and were committed to Jesus’ teachings and ministry, Gentiles could be baptised and receive salvation • SIGNIFICANCE: The decision to preach to BOTH GENTILES AND JEWS signals separation from Judaism • SIGNIFICANCE: Made it easier for Gentiles to convert to Christianity and for Christianity to spread • Reactions: • Jews – disbelief that the Law of Moses was being ignored. Increased hostility to Christianity • Gentiles – gained a sense of equality with Jewish converts • Reinforced by the failed revolt (66-70), destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans 70 AD and the Diaspora (dispersion) of the Jews • ESTIMATES: By 100 CE , there were 500, 000 Christians spread throughout the empire, representing 1% of the Roman population
  • 10. Spreading the Word • St Paul’s Journeys Well established and maintained road and sea networks Common Language: Greek The Roman Empire was peaceful at this time – enabling safe and secure travelling Christians were preaching a simpler and more personal message that attracted many people Christians cared for the sick during epidemics as well as the poor and widows Women were treated with more respect in Christian communities – marriage and family life was more stable
  • 11. The Persecutions • Two directions: Jewish and Roman – Jewish examples: Saul of Tarsus and the Stoning of Stephen • Roman: – Emperor Nero - Blamed the burning of Rome on the Christians in 64 CE – martyred in the streets and in gladiatorial combats
  • 13. Constantine • Emperor Constantine’s Conversion (312 AD) – Emperor of the entire Roman Empire – Legitimised Christianity – and became the state religion (Edict of Milan 313 AD) • Council of Nicaea 325 AD – In response to theological arguments within the Church – Affirmed the teaching of the trinity: three Persons in the One God: FATHER, SON, HOLY SPIRIT
  • 14. • Moves the Roman capital to Byzantium in the East – renamed Constantinople – modern Istanbul – Two centres of Christianity emerge: Constantinople and Rome – According to tradition: • the leader of the Church was the Bishop of Rome – Peter had been the first • Followed by the Bishop of Constantinople • Followed by Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandra • These were the Patriarchs of the Church Constantine
  • 15. From Outlaws to the State Religion • Many rushed to be baptised • Building of public churches – Basilica of St Peter in Rome – Sancta Sophia in Constantinople • Increased power and influence of the Bishops and local clergy • In the East: richer and more powerful • In the West: The bishop of Rome was the recognised successor of St Peter
  • 17. Fall of Rome • Barbarian Hordes • 410: Sacking of Rome
  • 18. East-West Schism 1054 CE • Political Causes – In the West, the Bishop of Rome (now referred to as the Pope) took on more leadership duties – In the East, the Patriarch of Constantinople was intricately linked with the Emperor formal separation from the unity of the Church
  • 19. Cause West East Language Latin Greek Authority Claimed authority based on their decedent from St Peter, the first Bishop and leader of the Apostles Claimed authority as the Patriarchs of the capital of the Roman Empire Or at least equal authority Eucharist and Sacramen ts -Hymns were translated into Latin -Altar remained out the front and visible to all - Emphasised the mystery of the Eucharist concealing the altar behind decorated screens: “iconostasis” Holy Images - Portraying holy images remained allowable -Debate arose -Periods were depicting holy images was banned -Re-emerged as flat images, paintings, mosaics, or shallow carvings – called icons -NO STATUES Ministers - Increasingly insisted on celibacy -Ordained married deacons into the priesthood Nicene Creed -Debate about the status of the Holy Spirit -Originally, the creed stated “who proceeds from the Father” but later added “and the Son” - Fiercely opposed the addition of “and the Son” and refused to include it
  • 20. Doctrine of Papal Jurisdiction • The Catholic Doctrine that the Pope and the Church of Rome (Apostolic See) retained overall authority due to their unique position as heirs to St Peter
  • 21. East-West Schism 1054 • Mutual Excommunication • East: Orthodox Christianity • West: Catholicism being cut off from the sacraments and the life of the Church