2. SF engage less with markets than
expected
• to specialise
• to get external inputs,
technology
Given
Opportunities:
• [Missing, inappropriate technology]
• High transport costs
• Uninsured risk
• High information & transactions costs
Because:
3. Linking SF to Market
Parastatal
Too often:
High Cost
Inefficient
Politicised
Then Market
Farmer groups & associations
Private firms, agri-business
NGOs
Private foundations
Gov’t agencies
Now
So much to learn from these!
7. Investment: Public Role
Rural Investment Climate
•Doesn’t have to be perfect!
Rural Public Goods
• Roads, power, irrigation, etc.
• Education, Health, Water
• Research & Extension
13. Crafting Links: Horses for Courses?
Spot
Markets
Contracts:
just
Produce
Contracts
with
Inputs, TA
Vertical
Integration
14. Enigma of Association
Information costs of dealing
with many SF real & high
• Dunavant distributors: 65 SF each
• Mukwano farmer groups = 54k SF
• Kabale potato farmer association
Aggregation
often
essential
But: few self-sustaining
co-operatives!
Why not more?
16. Processes > Form
• Build capacity, competence
• Don’t replace
Enable, Facilitate
private & collective
initiative
• Exit strategy
• Where are learning thresholds?
Temporary support
may be needed,
but …
Monitor, Learn, Adapt
18. Social Inclusion
Firms work 1st with
better-off SF
Functioning collectives
may exclude poorest
• Ken SF green bean 15 jobs/ha
• BF shea factory: 1,500
• Moz cashew factory, etc.]
A? Jobs
on & off
farm
19. Scaling Up
Right Organisation Form = Wrong
Question?
Approach All Important
• Challenge Funds
• NGO grants
• M & E: document, evaluate
But What
Public Role?
21. Missing out: yield gaps in Central & West Africa
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Maize Rice Millet Sorghum
Tonnesperhectare
Current yield, av.
Potential yield
Nin Pratt et al 2011,
IFPRI
22. Raising agricultural productivity in LIC
High
transport
costs?
Insecure
property
rights?
Learning &
knowledge
diffusion?
Transactions Costs: Incomplete, missing,
imperfect markets for credit, insurance,
inputs?