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panOULU network
          OULU t     k
                  &
UrBan Interactions (UBI) program
        Professor Timo Ojala
           University of Oulu
                Finland
         timo.ojala@ee.oulu.fi
                                   1
Oulu, Finland
• Founded in 1605
• Population of ~137 000
  •   Largest city in Northern Finland, #6 in Finland
  •   Growing city: projected population 145 000 in 2040
  •   Growing old: now 12% over 64 years, projected 21% in 2040
  •   ~11% unemployment rate

• St
  Strong ICT competence
                  t
  • Largest regional R&D expenditure per capita in Finland
  • About 14000 ICT jobs in Oulu region (Nokia ~4700)
                                                 4700)
  • Wired Magazine ranked Oulu #3 ”silicon valley” in the world in late 1990’s

• Ci ’ central administration i very pro ICT and pro R&D
  City’s     l d ii       i is                 d
• More information: http://www.ouka.fi
                       p

                                                                                 2
KampusWLAN
                                                    • Ab t 1050 AP’ i t t l
                                                      About     AP’s in total
                                                       •   Cisco 1100/1200 series
                                   OuluNET             •   Linksys WRT54GL
                                                       •   Strix OWS-2400
   OukaWLAN                                            •   Siemens HiPath
                   RotuaariWLAN
                                                       •   Buffalo WHR G54S
                                                                   WHR-G54S
                                                    • Different ’last miles’
                                                       • Ethernet, xDSL
               panOULU                                 • @450 (Flash-OFDM)
             subscriptions                             • WiFi (IEEE 802.11a)
                                                    • 100 Mbps Internet uplink
                                                    • Core services sponsored
                                                      by City of Oulu
panOULU = campus networks of 5 public organisations + panOULU subscriptions
Appears as one large uniform WiFi network to users (SSID panoulu)                   3
Milestones of the panOULU network
15.10.2003
15 10 2003   Signing of the original panOULU agreement
             (City of Oulu, University Of Oulu, Oulu Polytechnic, OPOY)




17.6.2004
17 6 2004    Network opened to the general public with visitor accounts
8.4.2005     COMPETENCE Oulu 400 program published
             Removal of authentication → truly open network
20.6.2005
20 6 2005
 3.2.2006    panOULU subscription published
             (Elisa and Netplaza join the consortium)
2.5.2006     VTT Technical Research of Finland joins the consortium
28.11.2007   City council of City of Oulu allocates budget funding for
             the city’s panOULU operation for the first time
18.2.2008    Pulmonary Association HELI joins the consortium
10.6.2008    Nordic LAN&WAN Communication joins the consortium
28.10.2008   Regional panOULU network gets funding                        4
Campus networks of five public organisations
• Each organization is responsible for all expenses of its network
  • In City of Oulu’s case this means tax euros allocated by city council
               Oulu s




                                                                            5
City of Oulu - Triangular knowledge society strategy


               Services & Applications




   Skills & Readiness             Infrastructure


                                                       6
City of Oulu – panOULU motivation
      quot;Open wireless network is a civil rightquot;
                      CIO Ilari Heikkinen, City of Oulu


• Open and free wireless Internet access in public
  service points/areas as municipal infrastructure
      i     it/                i i li f     t   t
  • Nomadic/mobile access regardless of time and place
  • Tool for e-government services and workforce mobility
  • Support for local R&D and innovation environment
  • Increased productivity and competitiveness
  • Improved well being
               well-being
  • Improved image by staying on the leading edge

                                                            7
OukaWLAN – City of Oulu’s zone in panOULU
• WiFi network in city’s public service points/areas
• Building started in 2003
• Currently about 450 AP’s (340 indoors, 110 outdoors)
                      AP s      indoors
• Comprehensive indoor coverage in p
     p                       g     public offices and buildings
                                                             g
  • City hall, city hospital, city theatre, elderly centers, health stations,
    libraries, offices, schools, science centre, sports facilities etc.

• Outdoor coverage at selected locations
  • City centre market area Raksila sports area Nallikari camping area
         centre,        area,              area,                  area,
    Kastelli and Myllyoja community centers etc.

• Al mobile h t
  Also bil hotspots (
                 t (panOULU buses, mobile lib
                       OULU b        bil library)
                                                )
• In selected locations providing panOULU is supplementary to
  production use of WiFi networks (e.g. city hospital, city warehouse)
                                                                                8
Mobile hotspots
• WiFi AP in buses, mobile library, etc.




• Use Digita’s @450 Wireless Broadband network as uplink
  • Based on Flash-OFDM technology
• IP addressing by connecting WiFi AP’s into panOULU DHCP
  over VPN tunnel through the @450 network

                                                              panOULU
                                         VPN tunnel             core
                                                   Wireless
                                                  Broadband
                            Flash-OFDM
  panOULU     panOULU AP
                               modem
   clients
                                                                        9
COMPETENCE Oulu 400 program
• 2.4 MEUR development program (5/2005 – 12/2007)
  • Launched in celebration of the City of Oulu's 400th anniversary
                             f     C     fO        00

• Several subprojects
             pj
  •   panOULU
  •   Citizen’s Portal with municipal e-services
  •   Improving citizen’s IT skills
  •   Provisioning of public terminals

• panOULU subproject
  • Expanded OukaWLAN (city’s zone in panOULU) by 400 AP’s
       • Included 60 AP WiFi mesh for outdoor coverage
  • Sponsored panOULU core services
  • Implemented in cooperation with University of Oulu
    and Oulu Polytechnic

•M
 More info: htt //
      i f http://www.ouka.fi/taito
                       k fi/t it
                                                                      10
OukaWLAN at Oulu City Hospital




• One WiFi infrastructure (28 APs),
  two logical networks
• Secure okswlan for hospital’s own p
                        p           production use
  • Staff uses wireless terminals to access patient data

•O
 Open and f
        d free panOULU for patients and their visitors
                  OULU f     ti t     d th i i it
  • Wireless devices (laptops, internet tablets)
    are available for patients and visitors

                                                           11
OukaWLAN MESH
• Motivation: cost-effective outdoor coverage at
               cost effective
  city centre and other selected areas
   •   Reduces number and cost of fixed backhaul connections
   •   RAPs (Root Access Point) have fixed backhaul (Ethernet)
   •   SLAP (Street Level Access Point) interconnectivity with wireless links (802.11a)
   •   Both RAPs and SLAPs provide client access (802.11b/g)
• 60 Strix Systems OWS-2400 series access points (4 radios)
   • M d l multi-radio, b k
     Modular     lti di background scanning
                                       d       i
   • Self-discovery, self-tuning, self-healing
OukaWLAN MESH (cont.)
Locations of mesh AP’ around city center
L   ti     f    h AP’s     d it      t




                                           13
City of Oulu's panOULU investment in 2009
• 250 kEUR budget allocated by the city council
  • 0.028 % of the City of Oulu's annual budget
  • 1.82 EUR/citizen
      8 U /c e


• Expenses
  • 1 full-time person in IT administration
  • OukaWLAN (~450 AP's)
    • Backhaul connections for AP's (provided by ISP via public tender)
    • AP maintenance (outsourced to Relacom via public tender)
  • panOULU
    p
    • Core services (provided by Oulun Tietotekniikka & University of Oulu)
    • Internet uplink (provided by ISP)

                                                                              14
panOULU subscription:
Incorporating telco incentive in municipal wireless
• Operator provided ”turnkey” solution, which comprises of …
  • Broadband connection (typically xDSL)
  • Standard business subscription for subscriber’s own production use
     • Possibly also wireless hotspot
     • Traffic routed via operator’s uplink (VLAN #1)
  • Open and free panOULU hotspot for guests and visitors
     • WiFi AP(s), switch and L2 link for hooking up the AP(s) into panOULU
             AP(s)
     • Traffic routed via panOULU’s uplink (VLAN #2)
     • L2 connection → roaming with existing panOULU network
  • Leasing package (operator owns all HW)
  • Installation and maintenance
                                                          panOULU
                                                             OULU
                                                                 L2 connection


                                                 ISP

                                                ”POP”
                                                 POP
Organisations having chosen panOULU subscription

                                              Oulu Cathedral
                        Private educational
                        institute
                        i tit t
Oulu Airport




                                     Sports complex




               Department store
Bank
                                                           16
Restaurants, pubs and cafes provide panOULU
         via panOULU subscription




                                              17
IT and media companies provide panOULU
         via panOULU subscription
                    Oulu Innovation
Nokia Mobile Zone
N ki M bil Z




                                          18
Sharing organization’s WiFi infra with panOULU
• 'Special' type of panOULU subscription
• One WiFi infra provides two logical wireless networks
  • Production network
  • Open and free panOULU hotspot

                        Technopolis




                        One of Europe's largest
                      technology center operators
L2 integration of multiple providers' WiFi zones
                                             DNA server room
     City of Oulu server room
                             Switch #2           Switch #1
                                                                                      Internet
                                                                 Server
          Server
                                                                farm #1
         farm #2


                                                   LRE
                   City of                         switch                       Oulu University
                   Oulu                                     University            of Applied
                                                             of Oulu
                                                              fO                  Sciences



      Ouka
      Ok                                                Kampus
                                         Elisa
                        DNA
      WLAN                                               WLAN
                                                                                          VTT
                                                                         HELI
           Ouka                              Rotuaari
                             Netplaza                                                             Mobile
           MESH                               WLAN
                                                                                                   APs
                                                                                OuluNE
                                                                                  T




Ojala T, Hakanen T, Salmi O, Kenttälä M & Tiensyrjä J (2008) Supporting session and AP mobility in a large
multi-provider multi-vendor municipal WiFi network. Proc. ACCESSNETS 2008, Las Vegas, NV.
Network services provided in panOULU network
• Open and free Internet access
  • Private dynamic IPv4 address (NAT + DHCP)
  • Public IPv4 addresses are also available
  • Public IPv6 address
  • No authentication / registration
  • No payment
  • No limitations on bandwidth and applications
    •E
     Exception: outgoing port 25 (SMTP) is bl k d
          ti      ti        t           i blocked
  • Offfered on ’as is’ basis

• Outgoing email server (mail.panoulu.net)
• Open and free ”horizontal” local access network
  available to everybody on equal terms!
  • Note: free to the user, not to those resourcing the network
Supplementary services in panOULU network
• Web pages (http://www.panoulu.net)
  • Documentation, usage statistics, FAQ, Wiki, etc.


• End user support
  • Email: neuvonta@panoulu.net
  • Telephone: ( ) 5584 1626
        p      (08)


• panOULU specific ”value added services” ?
  • We wish to treat panOULU as p
                     p          pure open access network
                                      p
  • panOULU Luotsi – LBS information service for panOULU
    users
(http://luotsi.panoulu.net)
• Aggregates RSS feeds from various service
  providers into a location-based information service
panOULU as Internet access network
           Number of WiFi devices
using the panOULU network in 1/2004 – 3/2008
    March 2009
    • 16761 devices
       • ~25% multi-mode smart phones
                                                    15000 in 9/2008
    • ~288,000 sessions
    • ~15 300 000 online minutes
       15,300,000


                                        10000 in 9/2007



                      5000 in 11/2006
panOULU as Internet access network (cont.)
Large proportion of devices are new and/or owned by
people visiting Oulu and using panOULU first time
New clients every month since the beginning of year in 2008




               March 2009: 16761 devices
                • 10% ”heavy users”
                • 20% ”casual users”
                • 70% ”one-time users”
panOULU as valuable R&D resource

• panOULU itself is an interesting research subject
  • For example see Ojala et. al (WirelessCom 2005,
    ACCESSNETS 2008), Kenttälä et al. (
                       )                 (PAM 2009)
                                                  )

• Many research projects use p
     y          pj           panOULU network
  • Wireless Internet access, handover/mobility management,
    subjective QoS, mobile multimedia services etc.

• Multi-party se ce p ots in t ue e
   u t pa ty service pilots true environment o use
                                      o e t of
  • E.g. UMA, Mobile IP, Flash-OFDM, HIP


• R&D is supported with various resources
  • E.g. centralized traffic recorder and analyzer
panOULU R&D - Mobile IP pilot
• Goal: Safe and seamless connections for City of Oulu’s
  mobile workers in a multi-access network environment
• Consortium: City of Oulu, Fujitsu Services, Secgo Software
• Time: 9/2006 → led to purchase of a production system
Ongoing work related to panOULU

• New Competence Society p g
         p             y program
  • 2.4 MEUR development program
  • Subproject: regional panOULU network
    • WiFi coverage to eight nearby municipalities
       • Controller-based zones totalling ~300 AP s
         Controller based                  300 AP's
       • Two new WiFi mesh zones
    • panOULU provides core services


• 6 month trial on web banner advertising in OukaWLAN
  6-month
  • Injected web banner 'floats' atop browser window
  • Source of revenue for covering expenses?
    • Probably not
panOULU - Challenges & Failures
• Technical challenges
  • 2.4 GHz band (802.11b/g) is really congested in city center
  • Large broadcast domain in the L2 design

• Nontechnical challenges
                      g
  • Managing the expectations of the general public
  • Managing media
  • Rigorous study of panOULU’s social and economic impact
  •LLegal i
         l issues

• Failures
  • Attempted and terminated Mobile WiMAX deployment

                                                                  29
panOULU network – why?
 WHEN MERGED INTO panOULU, THE SUBNETS
  ARE MANY TIMES MORE VALUABLE TO THE
COMMUNITY THAN AS SEPARATE NETWORKS !!!
panOULU - Successful public-private partnership (PPP)

• Public sector
  • City of Oulu: public service areas
  • University & Polytechnic & VTT & Heli: campus networks

• Private sector
  • Operators: provide panOULU subscriptions
  • Companies: p
        p        purchase p panOULU subscriptions
                                            p
  • Services (Internet uplink, backhaul connections for AP's)

• Public sector as the initiator
  and catalyst
           y
panOULU – Triple helix


           Business


Public
    i
         Universities
            and
Sector    Research
panOULU - Take home message
• Open and free wireless internet access in public
  places should be part of municipal infrastructure
  • Provide coverage where it matters
  • The network needs a committed owner

•J i f
 Join forces via a public-private partnership
              i      bli    it       t    hi
  • Municipalities – present the challenge!
  • Share your WiFi infrastructure
  • Incorporate telcos via a concept like panOULU subscription

• Make your network open
       y             p
• Involve R&D in your network project
UrBan Interactions (UBI) program:
              Urban interactions via ubiquitous computing
• Large multidisciplinary R&D program
  • Current budget 3.6 MEUR, main sponsors City of Oulu and Nokia
                   3 6 MEUR
• Ambitious goal: functional prototype of future Ubiquitous City
  → Cit as a smart space equipped with quot;E
    City          t            i   d ith quot;Everyday I t
                                               d Internetquot;tquot;
  → Impose a visible and lasting change on the Finnish society
•HHypothesis: b d l i new t h l
       th i by deploying       technology and services i th
                                               d     i in the
  urban space we make it a ”better” place for people
• Research approach
  • Build new computing infrastructure
  • Develop novel prototype services atop
    the infrastructure
  • E al ate protot pe services in field
    Evaluate prototype ser ices
    trials in true environment of use
  • Stimulate user driven open innovation
                 user-driven
  • Stimulate SME's participation
    with their expertise                                            34
Building blocks for Open Ubiquitous City
U
                             DEMO
    DEMO          PILOT                             DEMO
                                         PILOT               PILOT
                                                                O
b
             DEMO     DEMO
i                                         DEMO                DEMO
q          DEMO      DEMO
                                         DEMO       DEMO     DEMO
u   DEMO                     DEMO
i
    Open source
                  UBI Open Urban Service Network API
t    software
o                            Distributed resource       Distributed
    UBI Middleware
u                                management           communication
s     Open source
       software
                                          panOULU    panOULU
       Mobile
C                                            BT        WSN
      platforms
i                                                                    UBI
                                                                  DISPLAYS
t
y
                                                                        35
panOULU
                                 BT
• Urban space is populated with Bluetooth access points
  • User can easily retrieve and receive location-relevant information
  • Bluetooth technology used for service discovery and free data transfer
  • Phase I installation in May 2009




                                                                             36
panOULU
                                   Open BlueInfo service architecture
      BT
•T
 Transparent bridging of WPAN (Bluetooth) and WAN (Internet)
           t b id i    f      (Bl t th) d         (I t    t)
    • Distributed content does not need to be loaded into access point
      beforehand,
      beforehand but is fetched in real time from the Internet
    • No dedicated client application needs to be installed to user devices

• BlueInfo Pull: information is pulled with simple keyword queries
• BlueInfo Push: subscribed content is pushed at desired
                                          p
  intervals to user device

•O
 Open architecture
         hi
    • New services can be
      deployed b i t ti ti
      dl     d by instantiating
      a new Service class

Kukka H, Kruger F & Ojala T (2009) BlueInfo: Open
architecture for deploying web services in WPAN
hotspots. ICWS 2009, Los Angeles, CA, to appear.                              37
panOULU
                                WSN
                   Open wireless sensor network
• Multi-hop dual-radio (868 MHz & 2.4 GHz) IEEE 802.15.4 access points
  with 6LoWPAN protocol stack
• Phase I installation in May 2009 (2.4 GHz) and Sep 2009 (868 MHz)




                                                                         38
UBIAMI
  panOULU
                          (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)
    WSN
• Sensors collect data (power, temperature, illumination) and send it to the WSN
                       (p         p                     )
• Sensors also serve as access points to other sensors (multi-hop WSN)
• User can access data and control sensors via web interface




                                                                                   39
UBI Displays

        ?
1
        ?

                                        2
                        3

                    4
    1


                            3
            2

                        4
                                6
                                    6
                5

                                            5


                                                40
UBI Displays (cont.)




            Contents
     • 57quot; Full HD LCD panel
                       p
     • Touch screen
     • Control PC
     • Large hard disk
     • 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
     • panOULU WLAN AP
     • panOULU BT AP
     • panOULU WSN AP
     • RFID/NFC readers
     •CCameras
     • Loudspeaker
     • Microphone
Upcoming UBI Display at the market area




               (illustration)
                                          42
UBI Displays (cont.)
                                     Broadcast
                                      channel




                                                                      Touch screen
                                                      Info screen
                                                                         portal

• Dynamic partitioning of the screen real-estate for multiple web applications
• Broadcast channel (with content management system)
                    (                 g       y    )
   • Part of capacity sold for advertising to generate revenue for covering expenses
• Touch screen portal (open, configurable on per display basis)
• Initiation of interaction by touching, face detection or RFID tag
• Different interaction modalities (touch screen, mobile)
                                   (                    )
• Downloading/uploading of content to/from mobile
                                                                                       43
UBI Hotspot




• Visible artefact of the new urban computing infrastructure and services
• P id rich i t
  Provides i h interaction b t
                      ti between th physical, virtual and social spaces
                                 the h i l i t l d           il
• About dozen UBI hotspots will be deployed for first UBI Pilot in summer 2009
                                                                             44
UBI program = Living lab




                 (adapted from ENoLL living lab diagram)   45
Living lab:
  Ubiquitous Oulu goes live on June 1 2009
                                    1,
• UBI Pilot 2009 (Jun-Aug 2009)
                 (Jun Aug
  • Large-scale field trial in true environment of use
  • General public is challenged to try out new services
  • TUCo (Test User Community) program (City of Oulu)




• Kickoff seminar on June 2 2009
                          2,
                                                           46
panOULU & UBI - Summary
• Contribution
  •O
   Open horizontal i f t t
        hi     t l infrastructure to the whole community
                                  t th    hl         it
    • As alternative to closed verticals
  •C
   Capabilities demonstrated with prototype services
• Motivation
  • City of Oulu: vibrant service infrastructure and living
    environment
  • University of Oulu: societal task - research with immediate
    impact on the community
• Issues to consider
  • Holistic understanding of quot;urban informaticsquot;
  • Scalability
  • Sustainability (financial, technological)
                                                                  47
Thank you for your attention!

More i f
M     information:
             ti
  http://www.panoulu.net
     p       p
  http://www.urban-interactions.net
  http://www.ouka.fi
  htt //        k fi


              Professor Timo Ojala
                  University of Oulu
                       Finland
                timo.ojala@ee.oulu.fi


                                         48

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  • 1. panOULU network OULU t k & UrBan Interactions (UBI) program Professor Timo Ojala University of Oulu Finland timo.ojala@ee.oulu.fi 1
  • 2. Oulu, Finland • Founded in 1605 • Population of ~137 000 • Largest city in Northern Finland, #6 in Finland • Growing city: projected population 145 000 in 2040 • Growing old: now 12% over 64 years, projected 21% in 2040 • ~11% unemployment rate • St Strong ICT competence t • Largest regional R&D expenditure per capita in Finland • About 14000 ICT jobs in Oulu region (Nokia ~4700) 4700) • Wired Magazine ranked Oulu #3 ”silicon valley” in the world in late 1990’s • Ci ’ central administration i very pro ICT and pro R&D City’s l d ii i is d • More information: http://www.ouka.fi p 2
  • 3. KampusWLAN • Ab t 1050 AP’ i t t l About AP’s in total • Cisco 1100/1200 series OuluNET • Linksys WRT54GL • Strix OWS-2400 OukaWLAN • Siemens HiPath RotuaariWLAN • Buffalo WHR G54S WHR-G54S • Different ’last miles’ • Ethernet, xDSL panOULU • @450 (Flash-OFDM) subscriptions • WiFi (IEEE 802.11a) • 100 Mbps Internet uplink • Core services sponsored by City of Oulu panOULU = campus networks of 5 public organisations + panOULU subscriptions Appears as one large uniform WiFi network to users (SSID panoulu) 3
  • 4. Milestones of the panOULU network 15.10.2003 15 10 2003 Signing of the original panOULU agreement (City of Oulu, University Of Oulu, Oulu Polytechnic, OPOY) 17.6.2004 17 6 2004 Network opened to the general public with visitor accounts 8.4.2005 COMPETENCE Oulu 400 program published Removal of authentication → truly open network 20.6.2005 20 6 2005 3.2.2006 panOULU subscription published (Elisa and Netplaza join the consortium) 2.5.2006 VTT Technical Research of Finland joins the consortium 28.11.2007 City council of City of Oulu allocates budget funding for the city’s panOULU operation for the first time 18.2.2008 Pulmonary Association HELI joins the consortium 10.6.2008 Nordic LAN&WAN Communication joins the consortium 28.10.2008 Regional panOULU network gets funding 4
  • 5. Campus networks of five public organisations • Each organization is responsible for all expenses of its network • In City of Oulu’s case this means tax euros allocated by city council Oulu s 5
  • 6. City of Oulu - Triangular knowledge society strategy Services & Applications Skills & Readiness Infrastructure 6
  • 7. City of Oulu – panOULU motivation quot;Open wireless network is a civil rightquot; CIO Ilari Heikkinen, City of Oulu • Open and free wireless Internet access in public service points/areas as municipal infrastructure i it/ i i li f t t • Nomadic/mobile access regardless of time and place • Tool for e-government services and workforce mobility • Support for local R&D and innovation environment • Increased productivity and competitiveness • Improved well being well-being • Improved image by staying on the leading edge 7
  • 8. OukaWLAN – City of Oulu’s zone in panOULU • WiFi network in city’s public service points/areas • Building started in 2003 • Currently about 450 AP’s (340 indoors, 110 outdoors) AP s indoors • Comprehensive indoor coverage in p p g public offices and buildings g • City hall, city hospital, city theatre, elderly centers, health stations, libraries, offices, schools, science centre, sports facilities etc. • Outdoor coverage at selected locations • City centre market area Raksila sports area Nallikari camping area centre, area, area, area, Kastelli and Myllyoja community centers etc. • Al mobile h t Also bil hotspots ( t (panOULU buses, mobile lib OULU b bil library) ) • In selected locations providing panOULU is supplementary to production use of WiFi networks (e.g. city hospital, city warehouse) 8
  • 9. Mobile hotspots • WiFi AP in buses, mobile library, etc. • Use Digita’s @450 Wireless Broadband network as uplink • Based on Flash-OFDM technology • IP addressing by connecting WiFi AP’s into panOULU DHCP over VPN tunnel through the @450 network panOULU VPN tunnel core Wireless Broadband Flash-OFDM panOULU panOULU AP modem clients 9
  • 10. COMPETENCE Oulu 400 program • 2.4 MEUR development program (5/2005 – 12/2007) • Launched in celebration of the City of Oulu's 400th anniversary f C fO 00 • Several subprojects pj • panOULU • Citizen’s Portal with municipal e-services • Improving citizen’s IT skills • Provisioning of public terminals • panOULU subproject • Expanded OukaWLAN (city’s zone in panOULU) by 400 AP’s • Included 60 AP WiFi mesh for outdoor coverage • Sponsored panOULU core services • Implemented in cooperation with University of Oulu and Oulu Polytechnic •M More info: htt // i f http://www.ouka.fi/taito k fi/t it 10
  • 11. OukaWLAN at Oulu City Hospital • One WiFi infrastructure (28 APs), two logical networks • Secure okswlan for hospital’s own p p production use • Staff uses wireless terminals to access patient data •O Open and f d free panOULU for patients and their visitors OULU f ti t d th i i it • Wireless devices (laptops, internet tablets) are available for patients and visitors 11
  • 12. OukaWLAN MESH • Motivation: cost-effective outdoor coverage at cost effective city centre and other selected areas • Reduces number and cost of fixed backhaul connections • RAPs (Root Access Point) have fixed backhaul (Ethernet) • SLAP (Street Level Access Point) interconnectivity with wireless links (802.11a) • Both RAPs and SLAPs provide client access (802.11b/g) • 60 Strix Systems OWS-2400 series access points (4 radios) • M d l multi-radio, b k Modular lti di background scanning d i • Self-discovery, self-tuning, self-healing
  • 13. OukaWLAN MESH (cont.) Locations of mesh AP’ around city center L ti f h AP’s d it t 13
  • 14. City of Oulu's panOULU investment in 2009 • 250 kEUR budget allocated by the city council • 0.028 % of the City of Oulu's annual budget • 1.82 EUR/citizen 8 U /c e • Expenses • 1 full-time person in IT administration • OukaWLAN (~450 AP's) • Backhaul connections for AP's (provided by ISP via public tender) • AP maintenance (outsourced to Relacom via public tender) • panOULU p • Core services (provided by Oulun Tietotekniikka & University of Oulu) • Internet uplink (provided by ISP) 14
  • 15. panOULU subscription: Incorporating telco incentive in municipal wireless • Operator provided ”turnkey” solution, which comprises of … • Broadband connection (typically xDSL) • Standard business subscription for subscriber’s own production use • Possibly also wireless hotspot • Traffic routed via operator’s uplink (VLAN #1) • Open and free panOULU hotspot for guests and visitors • WiFi AP(s), switch and L2 link for hooking up the AP(s) into panOULU AP(s) • Traffic routed via panOULU’s uplink (VLAN #2) • L2 connection → roaming with existing panOULU network • Leasing package (operator owns all HW) • Installation and maintenance panOULU OULU L2 connection ISP ”POP” POP
  • 16. Organisations having chosen panOULU subscription Oulu Cathedral Private educational institute i tit t Oulu Airport Sports complex Department store Bank 16
  • 17. Restaurants, pubs and cafes provide panOULU via panOULU subscription 17
  • 18. IT and media companies provide panOULU via panOULU subscription Oulu Innovation Nokia Mobile Zone N ki M bil Z 18
  • 19. Sharing organization’s WiFi infra with panOULU • 'Special' type of panOULU subscription • One WiFi infra provides two logical wireless networks • Production network • Open and free panOULU hotspot Technopolis One of Europe's largest technology center operators
  • 20. L2 integration of multiple providers' WiFi zones DNA server room City of Oulu server room Switch #2 Switch #1 Internet Server Server farm #1 farm #2 LRE City of switch Oulu University Oulu University of Applied of Oulu fO Sciences Ouka Ok Kampus Elisa DNA WLAN WLAN VTT HELI Ouka Rotuaari Netplaza Mobile MESH WLAN APs OuluNE T Ojala T, Hakanen T, Salmi O, Kenttälä M & Tiensyrjä J (2008) Supporting session and AP mobility in a large multi-provider multi-vendor municipal WiFi network. Proc. ACCESSNETS 2008, Las Vegas, NV.
  • 21. Network services provided in panOULU network • Open and free Internet access • Private dynamic IPv4 address (NAT + DHCP) • Public IPv4 addresses are also available • Public IPv6 address • No authentication / registration • No payment • No limitations on bandwidth and applications •E Exception: outgoing port 25 (SMTP) is bl k d ti ti t i blocked • Offfered on ’as is’ basis • Outgoing email server (mail.panoulu.net) • Open and free ”horizontal” local access network available to everybody on equal terms! • Note: free to the user, not to those resourcing the network
  • 22. Supplementary services in panOULU network • Web pages (http://www.panoulu.net) • Documentation, usage statistics, FAQ, Wiki, etc. • End user support • Email: neuvonta@panoulu.net • Telephone: ( ) 5584 1626 p (08) • panOULU specific ”value added services” ? • We wish to treat panOULU as p p pure open access network p • panOULU Luotsi – LBS information service for panOULU users
  • 23. (http://luotsi.panoulu.net) • Aggregates RSS feeds from various service providers into a location-based information service
  • 24. panOULU as Internet access network Number of WiFi devices using the panOULU network in 1/2004 – 3/2008 March 2009 • 16761 devices • ~25% multi-mode smart phones 15000 in 9/2008 • ~288,000 sessions • ~15 300 000 online minutes 15,300,000 10000 in 9/2007 5000 in 11/2006
  • 25. panOULU as Internet access network (cont.) Large proportion of devices are new and/or owned by people visiting Oulu and using panOULU first time New clients every month since the beginning of year in 2008 March 2009: 16761 devices • 10% ”heavy users” • 20% ”casual users” • 70% ”one-time users”
  • 26. panOULU as valuable R&D resource • panOULU itself is an interesting research subject • For example see Ojala et. al (WirelessCom 2005, ACCESSNETS 2008), Kenttälä et al. ( ) (PAM 2009) ) • Many research projects use p y pj panOULU network • Wireless Internet access, handover/mobility management, subjective QoS, mobile multimedia services etc. • Multi-party se ce p ots in t ue e u t pa ty service pilots true environment o use o e t of • E.g. UMA, Mobile IP, Flash-OFDM, HIP • R&D is supported with various resources • E.g. centralized traffic recorder and analyzer
  • 27. panOULU R&D - Mobile IP pilot • Goal: Safe and seamless connections for City of Oulu’s mobile workers in a multi-access network environment • Consortium: City of Oulu, Fujitsu Services, Secgo Software • Time: 9/2006 → led to purchase of a production system
  • 28. Ongoing work related to panOULU • New Competence Society p g p y program • 2.4 MEUR development program • Subproject: regional panOULU network • WiFi coverage to eight nearby municipalities • Controller-based zones totalling ~300 AP s Controller based 300 AP's • Two new WiFi mesh zones • panOULU provides core services • 6 month trial on web banner advertising in OukaWLAN 6-month • Injected web banner 'floats' atop browser window • Source of revenue for covering expenses? • Probably not
  • 29. panOULU - Challenges & Failures • Technical challenges • 2.4 GHz band (802.11b/g) is really congested in city center • Large broadcast domain in the L2 design • Nontechnical challenges g • Managing the expectations of the general public • Managing media • Rigorous study of panOULU’s social and economic impact •LLegal i l issues • Failures • Attempted and terminated Mobile WiMAX deployment 29
  • 30. panOULU network – why? WHEN MERGED INTO panOULU, THE SUBNETS ARE MANY TIMES MORE VALUABLE TO THE COMMUNITY THAN AS SEPARATE NETWORKS !!!
  • 31. panOULU - Successful public-private partnership (PPP) • Public sector • City of Oulu: public service areas • University & Polytechnic & VTT & Heli: campus networks • Private sector • Operators: provide panOULU subscriptions • Companies: p p purchase p panOULU subscriptions p • Services (Internet uplink, backhaul connections for AP's) • Public sector as the initiator and catalyst y
  • 32. panOULU – Triple helix Business Public i Universities and Sector Research
  • 33. panOULU - Take home message • Open and free wireless internet access in public places should be part of municipal infrastructure • Provide coverage where it matters • The network needs a committed owner •J i f Join forces via a public-private partnership i bli it t hi • Municipalities – present the challenge! • Share your WiFi infrastructure • Incorporate telcos via a concept like panOULU subscription • Make your network open y p • Involve R&D in your network project
  • 34. UrBan Interactions (UBI) program: Urban interactions via ubiquitous computing • Large multidisciplinary R&D program • Current budget 3.6 MEUR, main sponsors City of Oulu and Nokia 3 6 MEUR • Ambitious goal: functional prototype of future Ubiquitous City → Cit as a smart space equipped with quot;E City t i d ith quot;Everyday I t d Internetquot;tquot; → Impose a visible and lasting change on the Finnish society •HHypothesis: b d l i new t h l th i by deploying technology and services i th d i in the urban space we make it a ”better” place for people • Research approach • Build new computing infrastructure • Develop novel prototype services atop the infrastructure • E al ate protot pe services in field Evaluate prototype ser ices trials in true environment of use • Stimulate user driven open innovation user-driven • Stimulate SME's participation with their expertise 34
  • 35. Building blocks for Open Ubiquitous City U DEMO DEMO PILOT DEMO PILOT PILOT O b DEMO DEMO i DEMO DEMO q DEMO DEMO DEMO DEMO DEMO u DEMO DEMO i Open source UBI Open Urban Service Network API t software o Distributed resource Distributed UBI Middleware u management communication s Open source software panOULU panOULU Mobile C BT WSN platforms i UBI DISPLAYS t y 35
  • 36. panOULU BT • Urban space is populated with Bluetooth access points • User can easily retrieve and receive location-relevant information • Bluetooth technology used for service discovery and free data transfer • Phase I installation in May 2009 36
  • 37. panOULU Open BlueInfo service architecture BT •T Transparent bridging of WPAN (Bluetooth) and WAN (Internet) t b id i f (Bl t th) d (I t t) • Distributed content does not need to be loaded into access point beforehand, beforehand but is fetched in real time from the Internet • No dedicated client application needs to be installed to user devices • BlueInfo Pull: information is pulled with simple keyword queries • BlueInfo Push: subscribed content is pushed at desired p intervals to user device •O Open architecture hi • New services can be deployed b i t ti ti dl d by instantiating a new Service class Kukka H, Kruger F & Ojala T (2009) BlueInfo: Open architecture for deploying web services in WPAN hotspots. ICWS 2009, Los Angeles, CA, to appear. 37
  • 38. panOULU WSN Open wireless sensor network • Multi-hop dual-radio (868 MHz & 2.4 GHz) IEEE 802.15.4 access points with 6LoWPAN protocol stack • Phase I installation in May 2009 (2.4 GHz) and Sep 2009 (868 MHz) 38
  • 39. UBIAMI panOULU (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) WSN • Sensors collect data (power, temperature, illumination) and send it to the WSN (p p ) • Sensors also serve as access points to other sensors (multi-hop WSN) • User can access data and control sensors via web interface 39
  • 40. UBI Displays ? 1 ? 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 6 6 5 5 40
  • 41. UBI Displays (cont.) Contents • 57quot; Full HD LCD panel p • Touch screen • Control PC • Large hard disk • 10/100 Mbps Ethernet • panOULU WLAN AP • panOULU BT AP • panOULU WSN AP • RFID/NFC readers •CCameras • Loudspeaker • Microphone
  • 42. Upcoming UBI Display at the market area (illustration) 42
  • 43. UBI Displays (cont.) Broadcast channel Touch screen Info screen portal • Dynamic partitioning of the screen real-estate for multiple web applications • Broadcast channel (with content management system) ( g y ) • Part of capacity sold for advertising to generate revenue for covering expenses • Touch screen portal (open, configurable on per display basis) • Initiation of interaction by touching, face detection or RFID tag • Different interaction modalities (touch screen, mobile) ( ) • Downloading/uploading of content to/from mobile 43
  • 44. UBI Hotspot • Visible artefact of the new urban computing infrastructure and services • P id rich i t Provides i h interaction b t ti between th physical, virtual and social spaces the h i l i t l d il • About dozen UBI hotspots will be deployed for first UBI Pilot in summer 2009 44
  • 45. UBI program = Living lab (adapted from ENoLL living lab diagram) 45
  • 46. Living lab: Ubiquitous Oulu goes live on June 1 2009 1, • UBI Pilot 2009 (Jun-Aug 2009) (Jun Aug • Large-scale field trial in true environment of use • General public is challenged to try out new services • TUCo (Test User Community) program (City of Oulu) • Kickoff seminar on June 2 2009 2, 46
  • 47. panOULU & UBI - Summary • Contribution •O Open horizontal i f t t hi t l infrastructure to the whole community t th hl it • As alternative to closed verticals •C Capabilities demonstrated with prototype services • Motivation • City of Oulu: vibrant service infrastructure and living environment • University of Oulu: societal task - research with immediate impact on the community • Issues to consider • Holistic understanding of quot;urban informaticsquot; • Scalability • Sustainability (financial, technological) 47
  • 48. Thank you for your attention! More i f M information: ti http://www.panoulu.net p p http://www.urban-interactions.net http://www.ouka.fi htt // k fi Professor Timo Ojala University of Oulu Finland timo.ojala@ee.oulu.fi 48